# data[].attributes.body
Monroe served a the US minister of France. He was appointed to the job by former president George W. He was later upheld form the job due to his support to France.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
James Monroe (1758 - 1831) was the fifth President of the United States who served for two terms from 1817 to 1825. His presidency is most known for achievements in foreign affairs including the Monroe Doctrine, which is considered a defining moment in U.S. foreign policy. Apart from being President, Monroe held several important positions during his political career including Governor of Virginia, and Minister of State under President James Madison. He is also known for participating in the American Revolution. Here are the 10 major accomplishments of James Monroe including his achievements as president in domestic and foreign policy, and those in his pre-presidency political career.

#1 He participated in the Battle of Trenton during the American Revolution

James Monroe served as an officer in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. During the Battle of Trenton, Captain William Washington led a successful assault into the town of Trenton to seize the guns before they could be used. 18-year-old Lieutenant Monroe was severely wounded in the assault and was just about saved from bleeding to death by a young volunteer doctor named John Riker. James Monroe is regarded as the last U.S. President who was a Revolutionary War veteran since he served as an officer and also took part in combat.

#2 Monroe served as U.S. Minister to France from 1794 to 1796

In 1790, James Monroe was elected by the Virginia legislature as United States Senator. In 1794, he resigned from the senate as he was appointed Minister to France by President George Washington. As ambassador to France, Monroe arranged for the release of all Americans held in French prisons. He also secured the release of Thomas Paine, an influential political activist and philosopher who is considered one of the founding fathers of the United States. Due to his support of revolutionary France, Monroe was discharged from his post of Minister to France by President Washington in 1796.

#3 He served as Secretary of State and Secretary of War under President James Madison

James Monroe was elected Governor of Virginia in 1799 and served his first term till 1802. In 1811, he was again elected Virginia's governor but served for only four months. Under President Thomas Jefferson, Monroe served as U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom from 1803 to 1807. In 1811, President James Madison appointed him as Secretary of State. During the War of 1812 against Great Britain, President Madison also appointed Monroe as Secretary of War and he served in this capacity from September 1814 till a peace treaty was ratified in February 1815. Monroe continued as Secretary of State till March 1817.

#4 James Monroe served as the fifth President of the United States

Monroe won the 1816 United States presidential election by defeating Rufus King by a wide margin of 183 to 34. In the 1820 re-election, he was elected almost unopposed winning more than 80% of the popular vote. He was prevented from a unanimous electoral vote by a single vote for John Quincy Adams. The 1820 US Presidential election was the third and last in which a candidate ran effectively unopposed; the previous two unopposed elections being those of 1788-89 and 1792 in which George Washington was elected. James Monroe served as the fifth President of the United States from March 4, 1817 to March 4, 1825.

#5 His presidency is closely associated with the Era of Good Feelings

The Era of Good Feelings is a term used to refer to the period after the War of 1812 which saw an end to bitter political divisions between Federalists and Republicans. During his presidency, James Monroe largely ignored affiliations to a party while making appointments, thus allowing the era to continue. He also made two long national tours in 1817 to build national trust, during which the term for the period was coined. Monroe worked towards national unity and elimination of parties from the American political system. So thoroughly had he reduced party politics that he essentially ran unopposed in the 1820 presidential election. Era of Good Feelings coincided with Monroe's presidency and saw the collapse of the Federalist Party. However later developments saw the re-emergence of the two party system.

#6 Treaty of 1818 was signed in his term improving U.S. relations with U.K. and Canada

Under the presidency of James Monroe, Treaty of 1818 was signed between the United States and the United Kingdom to resolve long standing boundary issues. It resulted in the settlement of the disputed region of the Pacific Northwest known as Oregon Country in America. The two nations agreed to a boundary line involving the 49th parallel north. Britain ceded all of Rupert's Land south of the 49th parallel and west to the Rocky Mountains while the U.S. ceded the northernmost tip of the territory of Louisiana above the 49th parallel. Treaty of 1818 greatly improved U.S. relations with U.K. and Canada.

#7 The Florida Purchase Treaty was signed during his presidency

Spain had long rejected repeated American efforts to purchase Florida. However, due to Latin American Wars of Independence and no Spanish presence in Florida, the region had become a burden to Spain. In 1819, Secretary of State under President Monroe, John Quincy Adams negotiated a treaty with Spanish foreign minister Luis de Onis by which Spain would cede Florida to U.S. and in return U.S. would assume liability for $5 million in damage done by American citizens who rebelled against Spain. Known as the Adams-Onis Treaty or Florida Purchase Treaty, it was considered a triumph of American diplomacy.

#8 He extended recognition to the new countries formed in Latin America

By 1823, almost all Latin American colonies of Spain and Portugal had achieved, or were at the point of gaining, independence from the Portuguese and Spanish Empires. James Monroe told the ambassadors to these new countries to declare that United States recognized them as independent and would support inter-American congresses dedicated to the development of economic and political institutions fundamentally differing from those prevailing in Europe. An American system distinct from that of Europe was the basic tenet of James Monroe's policy toward Latin America.

#9 The Monroe doctrine is considered a defining moment in U.S. foreign policy

James Monroe's most famous achievement was the declaration of the Monroe Doctrine to Congress on December 2, 1823. Authored by John Quincy Adams, it stated that U.S. would regard further efforts by European nations to colonize states in the American continents as acts of aggression, requiring its intervention. However, it would not interfere in the affairs of existing European colonies, implying it wouldn't support the independence movements taking place in the Americas. Monroe Doctrine is considered a defining moment in U.S. foreign policy and it is one of its longest-standing principles. It would be invoked later by several U.S. presidents including Theodore Roosevelt, John F. Kennedy and Ronald Reagan.

#10 The capital city of Liberia is named after James Monroe

The American Colonization Society (ACS) was established in 1816 to support colonization of free African Americans in Africa to remove free blacks from America and avoid slave rebellions. From 1821, thousands of free black Americans moved from U.S. to colonies in Africa. These colonies ultimately formed the nation of Liberia in 1847. Though the aim of ACS cannot be considered noble, it did help in the establishment of the country of Liberia. As president, James Monroe was a supporter of moving freed slaves to Africa. Monrovia, the capital and most populous city in Liberia, is named after him. It is the only non-American capital city named after a U.S. President.

The Missouri Compromise

Under the presidency of James Monroe, the Missouri Compromise was passed as a law in 1820. It regulated slavery in the country's western territories except within the boundaries of the proposed state of Missouri. It was agreed to by both the pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States Congress. The Missouri Compromise led to disappointment for African-Americans in both the North and South. It stopped the southern progression of gradual emancipation and legitimized slavery as a southern institution. The provisions of the Compromise forbidding slavery in the north of Louisiana Territory were later repealed by the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854. This repeal caused an outrage in the North and is considered one of the events leading to the American Civil War.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
10 Major Accomplishments of James Monroe

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
James Monroe ( 1758 - 1831) was the fifth President of the United States who served for two terms from 1817 to 1825. His presidency is most known for achievements in foreign affairs including the Monroe Doctrine, which is considered a defining moment in U.S. foreign policy.

# data[].attributes.body
Monroe served as an officer in the Continental Army. At the Battle of Trenton, Monroe was severely wounded by a gun shot and almost bleed to death but a man name John Rilker saved him.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
James Monroe (1758 - 1831) was the fifth President of the United States who served for two terms from 1817 to 1825. His presidency is most known for achievements in foreign affairs including the Monroe Doctrine, which is considered a defining moment in U.S. foreign policy. Apart from being President, Monroe held several important positions during his political career including Governor of Virginia, and Minister of State under President James Madison. He is also known for participating in the American Revolution. Here are the 10 major accomplishments of James Monroe including his achievements as president in domestic and foreign policy, and those in his pre-presidency political career.

#1 He participated in the Battle of Trenton during the American Revolution

James Monroe served as an officer in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. During the Battle of Trenton, Captain William Washington led a successful assault into the town of Trenton to seize the guns before they could be used. 18-year-old Lieutenant Monroe was severely wounded in the assault and was just about saved from bleeding to death by a young volunteer doctor named John Riker. James Monroe is regarded as the last U.S. President who was a Revolutionary War veteran since he served as an officer and also took part in combat.

#2 Monroe served as U.S. Minister to France from 1794 to 1796

In 1790, James Monroe was elected by the Virginia legislature as United States Senator. In 1794, he resigned from the senate as he was appointed Minister to France by President George Washington. As ambassador to France, Monroe arranged for the release of all Americans held in French prisons. He also secured the release of Thomas Paine, an influential political activist and philosopher who is considered one of the founding fathers of the United States. Due to his support of revolutionary France, Monroe was discharged from his post of Minister to France by President Washington in 1796.

#3 He served as Secretary of State and Secretary of War under President James Madison

James Monroe was elected Governor of Virginia in 1799 and served his first term till 1802. In 1811, he was again elected Virginia's governor but served for only four months. Under President Thomas Jefferson, Monroe served as U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom from 1803 to 1807. In 1811, President James Madison appointed him as Secretary of State. During the War of 1812 against Great Britain, President Madison also appointed Monroe as Secretary of War and he served in this capacity from September 1814 till a peace treaty was ratified in February 1815. Monroe continued as Secretary of State till March 1817.

#4 James Monroe served as the fifth President of the United States

Monroe won the 1816 United States presidential election by defeating Rufus King by a wide margin of 183 to 34. In the 1820 re-election, he was elected almost unopposed winning more than 80% of the popular vote. He was prevented from a unanimous electoral vote by a single vote for John Quincy Adams. The 1820 US Presidential election was the third and last in which a candidate ran effectively unopposed; the previous two unopposed elections being those of 1788-89 and 1792 in which George Washington was elected. James Monroe served as the fifth President of the United States from March 4, 1817 to March 4, 1825.

#5 His presidency is closely associated with the Era of Good Feelings

The Era of Good Feelings is a term used to refer to the period after the War of 1812 which saw an end to bitter political divisions between Federalists and Republicans. During his presidency, James Monroe largely ignored affiliations to a party while making appointments, thus allowing the era to continue. He also made two long national tours in 1817 to build national trust, during which the term for the period was coined. Monroe worked towards national unity and elimination of parties from the American political system. So thoroughly had he reduced party politics that he essentially ran unopposed in the 1820 presidential election. Era of Good Feelings coincided with Monroe's presidency and saw the collapse of the Federalist Party. However later developments saw the re-emergence of the two party system.

#6 Treaty of 1818 was signed in his term improving U.S. relations with U.K. and Canada

Under the presidency of James Monroe, Treaty of 1818 was signed between the United States and the United Kingdom to resolve long standing boundary issues. It resulted in the settlement of the disputed region of the Pacific Northwest known as Oregon Country in America. The two nations agreed to a boundary line involving the 49th parallel north. Britain ceded all of Rupert's Land south of the 49th parallel and west to the Rocky Mountains while the U.S. ceded the northernmost tip of the territory of Louisiana above the 49th parallel. Treaty of 1818 greatly improved U.S. relations with U.K. and Canada.

#7 The Florida Purchase Treaty was signed during his presidency

Spain had long rejected repeated American efforts to purchase Florida. However, due to Latin American Wars of Independence and no Spanish presence in Florida, the region had become a burden to Spain. In 1819, Secretary of State under President Monroe, John Quincy Adams negotiated a treaty with Spanish foreign minister Luis de Onis by which Spain would cede Florida to U.S. and in return U.S. would assume liability for $5 million in damage done by American citizens who rebelled against Spain. Known as the Adams-Onis Treaty or Florida Purchase Treaty, it was considered a triumph of American diplomacy.

#8 He extended recognition to the new countries formed in Latin America

By 1823, almost all Latin American colonies of Spain and Portugal had achieved, or were at the point of gaining, independence from the Portuguese and Spanish Empires. James Monroe told the ambassadors to these new countries to declare that United States recognized them as independent and would support inter-American congresses dedicated to the development of economic and political institutions fundamentally differing from those prevailing in Europe. An American system distinct from that of Europe was the basic tenet of James Monroe's policy toward Latin America.

#9 The Monroe doctrine is considered a defining moment in U.S. foreign policy

James Monroe's most famous achievement was the declaration of the Monroe Doctrine to Congress on December 2, 1823. Authored by John Quincy Adams, it stated that U.S. would regard further efforts by European nations to colonize states in the American continents as acts of aggression, requiring its intervention. However, it would not interfere in the affairs of existing European colonies, implying it wouldn't support the independence movements taking place in the Americas. Monroe Doctrine is considered a defining moment in U.S. foreign policy and it is one of its longest-standing principles. It would be invoked later by several U.S. presidents including Theodore Roosevelt, John F. Kennedy and Ronald Reagan.

#10 The capital city of Liberia is named after James Monroe

The American Colonization Society (ACS) was established in 1816 to support colonization of free African Americans in Africa to remove free blacks from America and avoid slave rebellions. From 1821, thousands of free black Americans moved from U.S. to colonies in Africa. These colonies ultimately formed the nation of Liberia in 1847. Though the aim of ACS cannot be considered noble, it did help in the establishment of the country of Liberia. As president, James Monroe was a supporter of moving freed slaves to Africa. Monrovia, the capital and most populous city in Liberia, is named after him. It is the only non-American capital city named after a U.S. President.

The Missouri Compromise

Under the presidency of James Monroe, the Missouri Compromise was passed as a law in 1820. It regulated slavery in the country's western territories except within the boundaries of the proposed state of Missouri. It was agreed to by both the pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States Congress. The Missouri Compromise led to disappointment for African-Americans in both the North and South. It stopped the southern progression of gradual emancipation and legitimized slavery as a southern institution. The provisions of the Compromise forbidding slavery in the north of Louisiana Territory were later repealed by the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854. This repeal caused an outrage in the North and is considered one of the events leading to the American Civil War.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
10 Major Accomplishments of James Monroe

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
James Monroe ( 1758 - 1831) was the fifth President of the United States who served for two terms from 1817 to 1825. His presidency is most known for achievements in foreign affairs including the Monroe Doctrine, which is considered a defining moment in U.S. foreign policy.

# data[].attributes.body
Under his presidency the US acquired Florida form Spain. This gave Mississippi and Alabama a pathway to the Gulf Of Mexico.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
James Monroe (1758 - 1831) was the fifth President of the United States who served for two terms from 1817 to 1825. His presidency is most known for achievements in foreign affairs including the Monroe Doctrine, which is considered a defining moment in U.S. foreign policy. Apart from being President, Monroe held several important positions during his political career including Governor of Virginia, and Minister of State under President James Madison. He is also known for participating in the American Revolution. Here are the 10 major accomplishments of James Monroe including his achievements as president in domestic and foreign policy, and those in his pre-presidency political career.

#1 He participated in the Battle of Trenton during the American Revolution

James Monroe served as an officer in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. During the Battle of Trenton, Captain William Washington led a successful assault into the town of Trenton to seize the guns before they could be used. 18-year-old Lieutenant Monroe was severely wounded in the assault and was just about saved from bleeding to death by a young volunteer doctor named John Riker. James Monroe is regarded as the last U.S. President who was a Revolutionary War veteran since he served as an officer and also took part in combat.

#2 Monroe served as U.S. Minister to France from 1794 to 1796

In 1790, James Monroe was elected by the Virginia legislature as United States Senator. In 1794, he resigned from the senate as he was appointed Minister to France by President George Washington. As ambassador to France, Monroe arranged for the release of all Americans held in French prisons. He also secured the release of Thomas Paine, an influential political activist and philosopher who is considered one of the founding fathers of the United States. Due to his support of revolutionary France, Monroe was discharged from his post of Minister to France by President Washington in 1796.

#3 He served as Secretary of State and Secretary of War under President James Madison

James Monroe was elected Governor of Virginia in 1799 and served his first term till 1802. In 1811, he was again elected Virginia's governor but served for only four months. Under President Thomas Jefferson, Monroe served as U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom from 1803 to 1807. In 1811, President James Madison appointed him as Secretary of State. During the War of 1812 against Great Britain, President Madison also appointed Monroe as Secretary of War and he served in this capacity from September 1814 till a peace treaty was ratified in February 1815. Monroe continued as Secretary of State till March 1817.

#4 James Monroe served as the fifth President of the United States

Monroe won the 1816 United States presidential election by defeating Rufus King by a wide margin of 183 to 34. In the 1820 re-election, he was elected almost unopposed winning more than 80% of the popular vote. He was prevented from a unanimous electoral vote by a single vote for John Quincy Adams. The 1820 US Presidential election was the third and last in which a candidate ran effectively unopposed; the previous two unopposed elections being those of 1788-89 and 1792 in which George Washington was elected. James Monroe served as the fifth President of the United States from March 4, 1817 to March 4, 1825.

#5 His presidency is closely associated with the Era of Good Feelings

The Era of Good Feelings is a term used to refer to the period after the War of 1812 which saw an end to bitter political divisions between Federalists and Republicans. During his presidency, James Monroe largely ignored affiliations to a party while making appointments, thus allowing the era to continue. He also made two long national tours in 1817 to build national trust, during which the term for the period was coined. Monroe worked towards national unity and elimination of parties from the American political system. So thoroughly had he reduced party politics that he essentially ran unopposed in the 1820 presidential election. Era of Good Feelings coincided with Monroe's presidency and saw the collapse of the Federalist Party. However later developments saw the re-emergence of the two party system.

#6 Treaty of 1818 was signed in his term improving U.S. relations with U.K. and Canada

Under the presidency of James Monroe, Treaty of 1818 was signed between the United States and the United Kingdom to resolve long standing boundary issues. It resulted in the settlement of the disputed region of the Pacific Northwest known as Oregon Country in America. The two nations agreed to a boundary line involving the 49th parallel north. Britain ceded all of Rupert's Land south of the 49th parallel and west to the Rocky Mountains while the U.S. ceded the northernmost tip of the territory of Louisiana above the 49th parallel. Treaty of 1818 greatly improved U.S. relations with U.K. and Canada.

#7 The Florida Purchase Treaty was signed during his presidency

Spain had long rejected repeated American efforts to purchase Florida. However, due to Latin American Wars of Independence and no Spanish presence in Florida, the region had become a burden to Spain. In 1819, Secretary of State under President Monroe, John Quincy Adams negotiated a treaty with Spanish foreign minister Luis de Onis by which Spain would cede Florida to U.S. and in return U.S. would assume liability for $5 million in damage done by American citizens who rebelled against Spain. Known as the Adams-Onis Treaty or Florida Purchase Treaty, it was considered a triumph of American diplomacy.

#8 He extended recognition to the new countries formed in Latin America

By 1823, almost all Latin American colonies of Spain and Portugal had achieved, or were at the point of gaining, independence from the Portuguese and Spanish Empires. James Monroe told the ambassadors to these new countries to declare that United States recognized them as independent and would support inter-American congresses dedicated to the development of economic and political institutions fundamentally differing from those prevailing in Europe. An American system distinct from that of Europe was the basic tenet of James Monroe's policy toward Latin America.

#9 The Monroe doctrine is considered a defining moment in U.S. foreign policy

James Monroe's most famous achievement was the declaration of the Monroe Doctrine to Congress on December 2, 1823. Authored by John Quincy Adams, it stated that U.S. would regard further efforts by European nations to colonize states in the American continents as acts of aggression, requiring its intervention. However, it would not interfere in the affairs of existing European colonies, implying it wouldn't support the independence movements taking place in the Americas. Monroe Doctrine is considered a defining moment in U.S. foreign policy and it is one of its longest-standing principles. It would be invoked later by several U.S. presidents including Theodore Roosevelt, John F. Kennedy and Ronald Reagan.

#10 The capital city of Liberia is named after James Monroe

The American Colonization Society (ACS) was established in 1816 to support colonization of free African Americans in Africa to remove free blacks from America and avoid slave rebellions. From 1821, thousands of free black Americans moved from U.S. to colonies in Africa. These colonies ultimately formed the nation of Liberia in 1847. Though the aim of ACS cannot be considered noble, it did help in the establishment of the country of Liberia. As president, James Monroe was a supporter of moving freed slaves to Africa. Monrovia, the capital and most populous city in Liberia, is named after him. It is the only non-American capital city named after a U.S. President.

The Missouri Compromise

Under the presidency of James Monroe, the Missouri Compromise was passed as a law in 1820. It regulated slavery in the country's western territories except within the boundaries of the proposed state of Missouri. It was agreed to by both the pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States Congress. The Missouri Compromise led to disappointment for African-Americans in both the North and South. It stopped the southern progression of gradual emancipation and legitimized slavery as a southern institution. The provisions of the Compromise forbidding slavery in the north of Louisiana Territory were later repealed by the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854. This repeal caused an outrage in the North and is considered one of the events leading to the American Civil War.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
10 Major Accomplishments of James Monroe

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
James Monroe ( 1758 - 1831) was the fifth President of the United States who served for two terms from 1817 to 1825. His presidency is most known for achievements in foreign affairs including the Monroe Doctrine, which is considered a defining moment in U.S. foreign policy.

# data[].attributes.body
He created the Virginia Plan which gave power to the populated areas and was soon countered by the New Jersey Plan

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
#1 He directed the Philadelphia Convention towards forming a new constitution

The Articles of Confederation was the first constitution of the United States. It established U.S. as an association of sovereign states with a weak central government. Also it gave the Congress effectively no power to enforce its requests to the states. Due to this, Madison, as well as several other founding fathers, feared national bankruptcy and disunion. The Philadelphia Convention was held in 1787 to amend the Articles of Confederation. Madison had earlier done extensive scholarly research on various forms of government. He wrote what became known as the Virginia Plan, an outline for a new constitution. At the convention, he convinced other Congressmen that, instead of amending the ineffective Articles, it was time to supersede them with a new constitution. Madison spoke over two hundred times during the convention, which lasted from May 25 to September 17. He is said to be the best informed man at any point during the debate and his performance was rated highly by fellow delegates.

#2 Madison drafted the influential Virginia Plan

#3 He was one of the three contributors to the famous Federalist Papers

#4 James Madison is considered the Father of the Constitution

Nine states were required to ratify the Constitution for it to succeed. However, it was believed that if Virginia, the most populous state at the time, did not ratify the constitution, the new government would fail. Also, it would have disqualified Virginian George Washington from being the first president. The powerful orator Patrick Henry was an Anti-Federalist. This led to a battle between Henry and Madison. Although Henry was by far the more powerful and dramatic speaker, Madison successfully countered his emotional appeals with rational arguments. It was a close battle and it was after much negotiation by Madison that the convention in Virginia approved the Constitution on June 28, 1789 by a vote of 89 to 79. Nine states had ratified the Constitution by June 21, 1788 and it came into effect on March 4, 1789. United States Constitution has had an international impact and it has been a notable model for governance around the world. For his contribution to it, James Madison is hailed as the "Father of the Constitution".

#5 He drafted the United States Bill of Rights

Madison was initially opposed to the inclusion of a bill of rights in the Constitution. However, during the ratification debates, he understood its importance. Also, Madison feared that if this was not done, the Anti-Federalists could open the entire Constitution to reconsideration. On June 8, 1789, Madison introduced his bill proposing amendments consisting of Nine Articles comprising up to 20 potential amendments. 17 amendments were sent to the Senate which further reduced it to 12. 3 to 12 were ratified as additions to the Constitution on December 15, 1791, and became Amendments One through Ten of the Constitution. The Bill of Rights added to the Constitution specific guarantees of personal freedoms and rights; clear limitations on the government's power in judicial and other proceedings; and explicit declarations that all powers not specifically delegated to Congress are reserved for the states or the people. James Madison is considered the "Father of the Bill of Rights".

#6 He co-founded the Democratic-Republican Party

#7 He served as U.S. Secretary of State under President Thomas Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson was a mentor to Madison. The two had played an important role in the passage of the landmark Virginia Act for Establishing Religious Freedom in 1786. The Act disestablished the Church of England in Virginia and guaranteed freedom of religion to people of all religious faiths. Thomas Jefferson became the third President of U.S in 1801 and he chose Madison for the position of Secretary of State. Along with Secretary of the Treasury Albert Gallatin, Madison became one of the two major influences in Jefferson's cabinet. He also supervised the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 which doubled the size of the United States and was by far the largest territorial gain in U.S. history. James Madison served as the 5th United States Secretary of State from May 2, 1801 to March 3, 1809.

#8 James Madison served as the fourth President of the United States

In the nominations for the 1808 presidential election, Madison faced stiff competition from former Ambassador James Monroe and Vice President George Clinton. Ultimately the Democratic-Republican Party chose Madison as its candidate for president and Clinton as its candidate for vice president. In the United States presidential election of 1808, James Madison easily defeated the Federalist candidate Charles Cotesworth Pinckney. He won 122 electoral votes to Pinckney's 47; and 64.7% of the popular vote. In the 1812 presidential elections, Madison defeated his own party's DeWitt Clinton. He was re-elected with 128 electoral votes to Clinton's 89; and 50.4 percent of the popular vote to his opponent's 47.6%. James Madison served as the fourth President of the United States from March 4, 1809 to March 4, 1817.

#9 He led the nation during the difficult War of 1812

In the beginning of the 19th century Great Britain was involved in a conflict with France. America's policy was to trade with both the nations. However, in 1807, Britain passed the Orders in Council which required neutral countries to obtain a license from its authorities before trading with France or French colonies. Also, the British seized several U.S. ships and forced captured crewmen to serve in the British navy. These factors led to tension between U.K. and America. On June 18, 1812, President Madison signed the declaration of war upon the United Kingdom, beginning the War of 1812. Madison faced many challenges during the war including a superior enemy, divided cabinet, obstructionist governors, incompetent generals, and militia who refused to fight outside their states. U.S. suffered many costly defeats at the hands of British, Canadian and Native American forces. These included the burning of the nation's capital, Washington, D.C., in August 1814. However, American troops were able to repulse British invasions in New York, Baltimore and New Orleans. The War of 1812 ended with the Treaty of Ghent in December 1814 restoring the status to "the state existing before the war". The War of 1812 increased national pride in America and led to a prosperous age known as the Era of Good Feelings.

#10 The final years of his presidency saw unprecedented prosperity in America

After the war of 1812, the Madison administration focused on domestic affairs. The government budget was brought back into surplus; an effective taxation system based on tariffs was implemented; a well-funded standing professional military was established; pensions were extended to orphans and widows of the War of 1812 for a period of 5 years at the rate of half pay; and the Tariff of 1816 was passed to protect U.S. manufactured items from overseas competition. The Tariff of 1816 was the first actual protectionist measure in U.S. and it greatly helped the American industries compete with foreign goods in the domestic market. Though Madison had long opposed a national bank, in 1816, he chartered the Second Bank of the United States with a twenty-year term. The final years of the presidency of Madison years began an unprecedented period of peace and prosperity, which was called the Era of Good Feelings. James Madison is usually ranked among the top ten U.S. presidents by scholars.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
10 Major Accomplishments of US President James Madison

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The Articles of Confederation was the first constitution of the United States. It established U.S. as an association of sovereign states with a weak central government. Also it gave the Congress effectively no power to enforce its requests to the states. Due to this, Madison, as well as several other founding fathers, feared national bankruptcy and disunion.

# data[].attributes.body
Madison formed a new constitution. He held the 1st Philadelphia Convention of 1787 and he spoke over 200 times at the Convention which lasted from May 25 to September 17

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
#1 He directed the Philadelphia Convention towards forming a new constitution

The Articles of Confederation was the first constitution of the United States. It established U.S. as an association of sovereign states with a weak central government. Also it gave the Congress effectively no power to enforce its requests to the states. Due to this, Madison, as well as several other founding fathers, feared national bankruptcy and disunion. The Philadelphia Convention was held in 1787 to amend the Articles of Confederation. Madison had earlier done extensive scholarly research on various forms of government. He wrote what became known as the Virginia Plan, an outline for a new constitution. At the convention, he convinced other Congressmen that, instead of amending the ineffective Articles, it was time to supersede them with a new constitution. Madison spoke over two hundred times during the convention, which lasted from May 25 to September 17. He is said to be the best informed man at any point during the debate and his performance was rated highly by fellow delegates.

#2 Madison drafted the influential Virginia Plan

#3 He was one of the three contributors to the famous Federalist Papers

#4 James Madison is considered the Father of the Constitution

Nine states were required to ratify the Constitution for it to succeed. However, it was believed that if Virginia, the most populous state at the time, did not ratify the constitution, the new government would fail. Also, it would have disqualified Virginian George Washington from being the first president. The powerful orator Patrick Henry was an Anti-Federalist. This led to a battle between Henry and Madison. Although Henry was by far the more powerful and dramatic speaker, Madison successfully countered his emotional appeals with rational arguments. It was a close battle and it was after much negotiation by Madison that the convention in Virginia approved the Constitution on June 28, 1789 by a vote of 89 to 79. Nine states had ratified the Constitution by June 21, 1788 and it came into effect on March 4, 1789. United States Constitution has had an international impact and it has been a notable model for governance around the world. For his contribution to it, James Madison is hailed as the "Father of the Constitution".

#5 He drafted the United States Bill of Rights

Madison was initially opposed to the inclusion of a bill of rights in the Constitution. However, during the ratification debates, he understood its importance. Also, Madison feared that if this was not done, the Anti-Federalists could open the entire Constitution to reconsideration. On June 8, 1789, Madison introduced his bill proposing amendments consisting of Nine Articles comprising up to 20 potential amendments. 17 amendments were sent to the Senate which further reduced it to 12. 3 to 12 were ratified as additions to the Constitution on December 15, 1791, and became Amendments One through Ten of the Constitution. The Bill of Rights added to the Constitution specific guarantees of personal freedoms and rights; clear limitations on the government's power in judicial and other proceedings; and explicit declarations that all powers not specifically delegated to Congress are reserved for the states or the people. James Madison is considered the "Father of the Bill of Rights".

#6 He co-founded the Democratic-Republican Party

#7 He served as U.S. Secretary of State under President Thomas Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson was a mentor to Madison. The two had played an important role in the passage of the landmark Virginia Act for Establishing Religious Freedom in 1786. The Act disestablished the Church of England in Virginia and guaranteed freedom of religion to people of all religious faiths. Thomas Jefferson became the third President of U.S in 1801 and he chose Madison for the position of Secretary of State. Along with Secretary of the Treasury Albert Gallatin, Madison became one of the two major influences in Jefferson's cabinet. He also supervised the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 which doubled the size of the United States and was by far the largest territorial gain in U.S. history. James Madison served as the 5th United States Secretary of State from May 2, 1801 to March 3, 1809.

#8 James Madison served as the fourth President of the United States

In the nominations for the 1808 presidential election, Madison faced stiff competition from former Ambassador James Monroe and Vice President George Clinton. Ultimately the Democratic-Republican Party chose Madison as its candidate for president and Clinton as its candidate for vice president. In the United States presidential election of 1808, James Madison easily defeated the Federalist candidate Charles Cotesworth Pinckney. He won 122 electoral votes to Pinckney's 47; and 64.7% of the popular vote. In the 1812 presidential elections, Madison defeated his own party's DeWitt Clinton. He was re-elected with 128 electoral votes to Clinton's 89; and 50.4 percent of the popular vote to his opponent's 47.6%. James Madison served as the fourth President of the United States from March 4, 1809 to March 4, 1817.

#9 He led the nation during the difficult War of 1812

In the beginning of the 19th century Great Britain was involved in a conflict with France. America's policy was to trade with both the nations. However, in 1807, Britain passed the Orders in Council which required neutral countries to obtain a license from its authorities before trading with France or French colonies. Also, the British seized several U.S. ships and forced captured crewmen to serve in the British navy. These factors led to tension between U.K. and America. On June 18, 1812, President Madison signed the declaration of war upon the United Kingdom, beginning the War of 1812. Madison faced many challenges during the war including a superior enemy, divided cabinet, obstructionist governors, incompetent generals, and militia who refused to fight outside their states. U.S. suffered many costly defeats at the hands of British, Canadian and Native American forces. These included the burning of the nation's capital, Washington, D.C., in August 1814. However, American troops were able to repulse British invasions in New York, Baltimore and New Orleans. The War of 1812 ended with the Treaty of Ghent in December 1814 restoring the status to "the state existing before the war". The War of 1812 increased national pride in America and led to a prosperous age known as the Era of Good Feelings.

#10 The final years of his presidency saw unprecedented prosperity in America

After the war of 1812, the Madison administration focused on domestic affairs. The government budget was brought back into surplus; an effective taxation system based on tariffs was implemented; a well-funded standing professional military was established; pensions were extended to orphans and widows of the War of 1812 for a period of 5 years at the rate of half pay; and the Tariff of 1816 was passed to protect U.S. manufactured items from overseas competition. The Tariff of 1816 was the first actual protectionist measure in U.S. and it greatly helped the American industries compete with foreign goods in the domestic market. Though Madison had long opposed a national bank, in 1816, he chartered the Second Bank of the United States with a twenty-year term. The final years of the presidency of Madison years began an unprecedented period of peace and prosperity, which was called the Era of Good Feelings. James Madison is usually ranked among the top ten U.S. presidents by scholars.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
10 Major Accomplishments of US President James Madison

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The Articles of Confederation was the first constitution of the United States. It established U.S. as an association of sovereign states with a weak central government. Also it gave the Congress effectively no power to enforce its requests to the states. Due to this, Madison, as well as several other founding fathers, feared national bankruptcy and disunion.

# data[].attributes.body
Under his presidency the War of 1812 occurred. During that war the US got the claims of Oregon Territory and the US army was defeated which led to the burning of Washington DC.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
#1 He directed the Philadelphia Convention towards forming a new constitution

The Articles of Confederation was the first constitution of the United States. It established U.S. as an association of sovereign states with a weak central government. Also it gave the Congress effectively no power to enforce its requests to the states. Due to this, Madison, as well as several other founding fathers, feared national bankruptcy and disunion. The Philadelphia Convention was held in 1787 to amend the Articles of Confederation. Madison had earlier done extensive scholarly research on various forms of government. He wrote what became known as the Virginia Plan, an outline for a new constitution. At the convention, he convinced other Congressmen that, instead of amending the ineffective Articles, it was time to supersede them with a new constitution. Madison spoke over two hundred times during the convention, which lasted from May 25 to September 17. He is said to be the best informed man at any point during the debate and his performance was rated highly by fellow delegates.

#2 Madison drafted the influential Virginia Plan

#3 He was one of the three contributors to the famous Federalist Papers

#4 James Madison is considered the Father of the Constitution

Nine states were required to ratify the Constitution for it to succeed. However, it was believed that if Virginia, the most populous state at the time, did not ratify the constitution, the new government would fail. Also, it would have disqualified Virginian George Washington from being the first president. The powerful orator Patrick Henry was an Anti-Federalist. This led to a battle between Henry and Madison. Although Henry was by far the more powerful and dramatic speaker, Madison successfully countered his emotional appeals with rational arguments. It was a close battle and it was after much negotiation by Madison that the convention in Virginia approved the Constitution on June 28, 1789 by a vote of 89 to 79. Nine states had ratified the Constitution by June 21, 1788 and it came into effect on March 4, 1789. United States Constitution has had an international impact and it has been a notable model for governance around the world. For his contribution to it, James Madison is hailed as the "Father of the Constitution".

#5 He drafted the United States Bill of Rights

Madison was initially opposed to the inclusion of a bill of rights in the Constitution. However, during the ratification debates, he understood its importance. Also, Madison feared that if this was not done, the Anti-Federalists could open the entire Constitution to reconsideration. On June 8, 1789, Madison introduced his bill proposing amendments consisting of Nine Articles comprising up to 20 potential amendments. 17 amendments were sent to the Senate which further reduced it to 12. 3 to 12 were ratified as additions to the Constitution on December 15, 1791, and became Amendments One through Ten of the Constitution. The Bill of Rights added to the Constitution specific guarantees of personal freedoms and rights; clear limitations on the government's power in judicial and other proceedings; and explicit declarations that all powers not specifically delegated to Congress are reserved for the states or the people. James Madison is considered the "Father of the Bill of Rights".

#6 He co-founded the Democratic-Republican Party

#7 He served as U.S. Secretary of State under President Thomas Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson was a mentor to Madison. The two had played an important role in the passage of the landmark Virginia Act for Establishing Religious Freedom in 1786. The Act disestablished the Church of England in Virginia and guaranteed freedom of religion to people of all religious faiths. Thomas Jefferson became the third President of U.S in 1801 and he chose Madison for the position of Secretary of State. Along with Secretary of the Treasury Albert Gallatin, Madison became one of the two major influences in Jefferson's cabinet. He also supervised the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 which doubled the size of the United States and was by far the largest territorial gain in U.S. history. James Madison served as the 5th United States Secretary of State from May 2, 1801 to March 3, 1809.

#8 James Madison served as the fourth President of the United States

In the nominations for the 1808 presidential election, Madison faced stiff competition from former Ambassador James Monroe and Vice President George Clinton. Ultimately the Democratic-Republican Party chose Madison as its candidate for president and Clinton as its candidate for vice president. In the United States presidential election of 1808, James Madison easily defeated the Federalist candidate Charles Cotesworth Pinckney. He won 122 electoral votes to Pinckney's 47; and 64.7% of the popular vote. In the 1812 presidential elections, Madison defeated his own party's DeWitt Clinton. He was re-elected with 128 electoral votes to Clinton's 89; and 50.4 percent of the popular vote to his opponent's 47.6%. James Madison served as the fourth President of the United States from March 4, 1809 to March 4, 1817.

#9 He led the nation during the difficult War of 1812

In the beginning of the 19th century Great Britain was involved in a conflict with France. America's policy was to trade with both the nations. However, in 1807, Britain passed the Orders in Council which required neutral countries to obtain a license from its authorities before trading with France or French colonies. Also, the British seized several U.S. ships and forced captured crewmen to serve in the British navy. These factors led to tension between U.K. and America. On June 18, 1812, President Madison signed the declaration of war upon the United Kingdom, beginning the War of 1812. Madison faced many challenges during the war including a superior enemy, divided cabinet, obstructionist governors, incompetent generals, and militia who refused to fight outside their states. U.S. suffered many costly defeats at the hands of British, Canadian and Native American forces. These included the burning of the nation's capital, Washington, D.C., in August 1814. However, American troops were able to repulse British invasions in New York, Baltimore and New Orleans. The War of 1812 ended with the Treaty of Ghent in December 1814 restoring the status to "the state existing before the war". The War of 1812 increased national pride in America and led to a prosperous age known as the Era of Good Feelings.

#10 The final years of his presidency saw unprecedented prosperity in America

After the war of 1812, the Madison administration focused on domestic affairs. The government budget was brought back into surplus; an effective taxation system based on tariffs was implemented; a well-funded standing professional military was established; pensions were extended to orphans and widows of the War of 1812 for a period of 5 years at the rate of half pay; and the Tariff of 1816 was passed to protect U.S. manufactured items from overseas competition. The Tariff of 1816 was the first actual protectionist measure in U.S. and it greatly helped the American industries compete with foreign goods in the domestic market. Though Madison had long opposed a national bank, in 1816, he chartered the Second Bank of the United States with a twenty-year term. The final years of the presidency of Madison years began an unprecedented period of peace and prosperity, which was called the Era of Good Feelings. James Madison is usually ranked among the top ten U.S. presidents by scholars.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
10 Major Accomplishments of US President James Madison

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The Articles of Confederation was the first constitution of the United States. It established U.S. as an association of sovereign states with a weak central government. Also it gave the Congress effectively no power to enforce its requests to the states. Due to this, Madison, as well as several other founding fathers, feared national bankruptcy and disunion.

# data[].attributes.body
He wrote the VA Statue of Religious Freedom which guaranteed freedom of Religion to all Religions

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
10 Major Accomplishments of Thomas Jefferson

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Thomas Jefferson served as the third President of the United States from 1801 to 1809. Among other things, he was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence, facilitated the Louisiana Purchase which nearly doubled the size of America, abolished the slave trade and founded the University of Virginia.

# data[].attributes.body
He wrote the Declaration of Independence which announced that the United States was no longer a part of England

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
10 Major Accomplishments of Thomas Jefferson

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Thomas Jefferson served as the third President of the United States from 1801 to 1809. Among other things, he was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence, facilitated the Louisiana Purchase which nearly doubled the size of America, abolished the slave trade and founded the University of Virginia.

# data[].attributes.body
He dealt with Domestic Affairs. He was involved in the first election of the 1800's to go peaceful. He also, changed his political party form being a Federalist to become a Democratic-Republican

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
10 Major Accomplishments of Thomas Jefferson

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Thomas Jefferson served as the third President of the United States from 1801 to 1809. Among other things, he was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence, facilitated the Louisiana Purchase which nearly doubled the size of America, abolished the slave trade and founded the University of Virginia.

# data[].attributes.body
Adams was involved in the Stamp Act which happened during the American Revolution. He was also a leading figure in the opposition of the Townshed Acts of 1767

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
John Adams was a Founding Father of the United States who played a leading role in the American Revolution; by opposing the 1765 Stamp Act, advocating complete separation from Great Britain, being part of the Continental Congress and the committee responsible for the Declaration of Independence, administrating the American war effort during the Revolutionary War and negotiating peace through the 1783 Treaty of Paris. John Adams served as the first Vice President (1789 - 1797) and second President (1797 - 1801) of the United States leading his country through the Quasi-War with France. Know more about the contributions of John Adams through his 10 major achievements and accomplishments.

#1 He successfully defended British soldiers involved in the Boston Massacre

Adams received his undergraduate and master's degree from Harvard in 1755 and 1758 respectively; and started practicing law in 1758. His most famous case was related to the Boston Massacre, in which British Army soldiers fired at a Boston crowd on March 5, 1770, killing five civilians and injuring six others. Despite his hostility towards the British government, Adams believed the soldiers should receive a fair trial. He successfully defended the British soldiers with six of them being acquitted while the other two receiving reduced sentences. Though the initial reaction of American public to his action was hostile, later Adams' reputation was enhanced with people lauding him as a courageous and fair man.

#2 He played a prominent role in igniting the American Revolution

The Stamp Act of 1765 was an act of the Parliament of Great Britain which for the first time imposed direct taxation of all colonial commercial and legal papers, newspapers, pamphlets etc. John Adams vehemently opposed it in speech and also wrote a series of four articles against it. The act was repealed in 1766. He was also a leading figure in the opposition of the Townshend Acts of 1767, which levied tariffs on imported goods such as paper, glass and tea.

#3 He was a leading member of the Continental Congress

In 1774, John Adams was elected as representative of Massachusetts to the First Continental Congress. The Continental Congress was a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies which became the governing body of U.S. during the American Revolution. Adams was an influential member of the congress and argued in favor of permanent separation from Britain. In 1775, he nominated George Washington to serve as commander of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War.

#4 Adams played a principal role in administering the American Revolutionary War

John Adams was part of the Committee of Five which was asked to draft the Declaration of Independence. In 1777, Adams began serving as head of the Board of War, a special committee to administer the Continental Army. He was thus responsible for raising and equipping the American army and creating from scratch an American navy. He sat on at least ninety committees and chaired twenty five of them. He was referred to as "the first man in the House" and "one man war department".

#5 Adams helped negotiate the 1783 Treaty of Paris

Along with John Jay and Benjamin Franklin, Adams played a key role in negotiating the 1783 Treaty of Paris, which officially ended the American Revolutionary War. The British recognized U.S. as a free, sovereign, and independent state; and the other terms of the treaty were also exceedingly in favor of America. Though it was Franklin who played the foremost role in the negotiations, Adams' stubborn temperament was also important for achieving favorable terms.

#6 He served as U.S. ambassador to Britain and Netherlands

John Adams acted as the U.S. ambassador to the Dutch Republic from 1780 to 1788, negotiating loans worth 29 million guilders among other things. He remained in Europe after the revolution and arranged treaties of commerce with several European nations between 1784 and 1785 thus establishing extensive trade relations between Europe and the United States. He also served as the first U.S. ambassador to Britain from 1785 to 1788.

#7 John Adams became the second president of U.S. in 1797

John Adams served as the first Vice President of United States for eight years from 1789 to 1797, during the two terms of George Washington's presidency. In the United States presidential election of 1796, the first contested American presidential election, John Adams defeated Thomas Jefferson by a narrow electoral majority (71-68). He thus became the second President of the United States and served for one term from 1797 to 1801.

#8 He brought a peaceful end to the Quasi-War

When Adams became president there was an on-going war between Great Britain and France. Though Washington had maintained neutrality in the conflict, the French Navy started inflicting substantial losses on American shipping. In 1797, Adams sent a delegation to France to negotiate an end to hostilities but, in what is known as the XYZ affair, the French demanded large bribes before any negotiations. This started an undeclared war between U.S. and France known as Quasi-War. Adams strengthened American forces but refrained from declaring outright war. With U.S. navy inflicting damage on the French, the hostilities decreased and in 1800, Adams sent another peace delegation to France against the advice of the cabinet. The Convention of 1800, signed on 30th September, ended the Quasi-War. Bringing a peaceful end to Quasi War is considered Adams' major foreign policy achievement.

#9 He appointed John Marshall as Chief Justice of U.S.

Just before he vacated the presidential office, Adams named John Marshall, who was his Secretary of State, as the fourth Chief Justice of the United States. This is considered an important appointment because Marshall played a significant role in the development of the American legal system and cemented the position of the American judiciary as an independent and influential branch of government. With tenure of 12,570 days, Marshall remains the longest-serving Chief Justice of U.S.

#10 Adams was a prominent political author

John Adams wrote several prominent works during his life including A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America (1787) and Discourses on Davila (1790). Post retirement, Adams spent most of his time writing columns, books and letters, including a famous correspondence with Thomas Jefferson. Also, Adams was one of the founders of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, which remains among the most prestigious honorary societies and a leading center for policy research in U.S.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
John Adams was a Founding Father of the United States who played a leading role in the American Revolution; by opposing the 1765 Stamp Act, advocating complete separation from Great Britain, being part of the Continental Congress and the committee responsible for the Declaration of Independence, administrating the American war effort during the Revolutionary War and negotiating peace through the 1783 Treaty of Paris.

# data[].attributes.body
The Boston Massacre happened under his presidency and he successfully defeated the British soldiers involved in the Massacre. The Boston Massacre only had 3 people die in it

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
John Adams was a Founding Father of the United States who played a leading role in the American Revolution; by opposing the 1765 Stamp Act, advocating complete separation from Great Britain, being part of the Continental Congress and the committee responsible for the Declaration of Independence, administrating the American war effort during the Revolutionary War and negotiating peace through the 1783 Treaty of Paris. John Adams served as the first Vice President (1789 - 1797) and second President (1797 - 1801) of the United States leading his country through the Quasi-War with France. Know more about the contributions of John Adams through his 10 major achievements and accomplishments.

#1 He successfully defended British soldiers involved in the Boston Massacre

Adams received his undergraduate and master's degree from Harvard in 1755 and 1758 respectively; and started practicing law in 1758. His most famous case was related to the Boston Massacre, in which British Army soldiers fired at a Boston crowd on March 5, 1770, killing five civilians and injuring six others. Despite his hostility towards the British government, Adams believed the soldiers should receive a fair trial. He successfully defended the British soldiers with six of them being acquitted while the other two receiving reduced sentences. Though the initial reaction of American public to his action was hostile, later Adams' reputation was enhanced with people lauding him as a courageous and fair man.

#2 He played a prominent role in igniting the American Revolution

The Stamp Act of 1765 was an act of the Parliament of Great Britain which for the first time imposed direct taxation of all colonial commercial and legal papers, newspapers, pamphlets etc. John Adams vehemently opposed it in speech and also wrote a series of four articles against it. The act was repealed in 1766. He was also a leading figure in the opposition of the Townshend Acts of 1767, which levied tariffs on imported goods such as paper, glass and tea.

#3 He was a leading member of the Continental Congress

In 1774, John Adams was elected as representative of Massachusetts to the First Continental Congress. The Continental Congress was a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies which became the governing body of U.S. during the American Revolution. Adams was an influential member of the congress and argued in favor of permanent separation from Britain. In 1775, he nominated George Washington to serve as commander of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War.

#4 Adams played a principal role in administering the American Revolutionary War

John Adams was part of the Committee of Five which was asked to draft the Declaration of Independence. In 1777, Adams began serving as head of the Board of War, a special committee to administer the Continental Army. He was thus responsible for raising and equipping the American army and creating from scratch an American navy. He sat on at least ninety committees and chaired twenty five of them. He was referred to as "the first man in the House" and "one man war department".

#5 Adams helped negotiate the 1783 Treaty of Paris

Along with John Jay and Benjamin Franklin, Adams played a key role in negotiating the 1783 Treaty of Paris, which officially ended the American Revolutionary War. The British recognized U.S. as a free, sovereign, and independent state; and the other terms of the treaty were also exceedingly in favor of America. Though it was Franklin who played the foremost role in the negotiations, Adams' stubborn temperament was also important for achieving favorable terms.

#6 He served as U.S. ambassador to Britain and Netherlands

John Adams acted as the U.S. ambassador to the Dutch Republic from 1780 to 1788, negotiating loans worth 29 million guilders among other things. He remained in Europe after the revolution and arranged treaties of commerce with several European nations between 1784 and 1785 thus establishing extensive trade relations between Europe and the United States. He also served as the first U.S. ambassador to Britain from 1785 to 1788.

#7 John Adams became the second president of U.S. in 1797

John Adams served as the first Vice President of United States for eight years from 1789 to 1797, during the two terms of George Washington's presidency. In the United States presidential election of 1796, the first contested American presidential election, John Adams defeated Thomas Jefferson by a narrow electoral majority (71-68). He thus became the second President of the United States and served for one term from 1797 to 1801.

#8 He brought a peaceful end to the Quasi-War

When Adams became president there was an on-going war between Great Britain and France. Though Washington had maintained neutrality in the conflict, the French Navy started inflicting substantial losses on American shipping. In 1797, Adams sent a delegation to France to negotiate an end to hostilities but, in what is known as the XYZ affair, the French demanded large bribes before any negotiations. This started an undeclared war between U.S. and France known as Quasi-War. Adams strengthened American forces but refrained from declaring outright war. With U.S. navy inflicting damage on the French, the hostilities decreased and in 1800, Adams sent another peace delegation to France against the advice of the cabinet. The Convention of 1800, signed on 30th September, ended the Quasi-War. Bringing a peaceful end to Quasi War is considered Adams' major foreign policy achievement.

#9 He appointed John Marshall as Chief Justice of U.S.

Just before he vacated the presidential office, Adams named John Marshall, who was his Secretary of State, as the fourth Chief Justice of the United States. This is considered an important appointment because Marshall played a significant role in the development of the American legal system and cemented the position of the American judiciary as an independent and influential branch of government. With tenure of 12,570 days, Marshall remains the longest-serving Chief Justice of U.S.

#10 Adams was a prominent political author

John Adams wrote several prominent works during his life including A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America (1787) and Discourses on Davila (1790). Post retirement, Adams spent most of his time writing columns, books and letters, including a famous correspondence with Thomas Jefferson. Also, Adams was one of the founders of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, which remains among the most prestigious honorary societies and a leading center for policy research in U.S.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
John Adams was a Founding Father of the United States who played a leading role in the American Revolution; by opposing the 1765 Stamp Act, advocating complete separation from Great Britain, being part of the Continental Congress and the committee responsible for the Declaration of Independence, administrating the American war effort during the Revolutionary War and negotiating peace through the 1783 Treaty of Paris.

# data[].attributes.body
He dealt with Domestic Affairs. The Alien Act was established under his presidency and it established that he could deport and "dangerous" foreigners

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
John Adams was a Founding Father of the United States who played a leading role in the American Revolution; by opposing the 1765 Stamp Act, advocating complete separation from Great Britain, being part of the Continental Congress and the committee responsible for the Declaration of Independence, administrating the American war effort during the Revolutionary War and negotiating peace through the 1783 Treaty of Paris. John Adams served as the first Vice President (1789 - 1797) and second President (1797 - 1801) of the United States leading his country through the Quasi-War with France. Know more about the contributions of John Adams through his 10 major achievements and accomplishments.

#1 He successfully defended British soldiers involved in the Boston Massacre

Adams received his undergraduate and master's degree from Harvard in 1755 and 1758 respectively; and started practicing law in 1758. His most famous case was related to the Boston Massacre, in which British Army soldiers fired at a Boston crowd on March 5, 1770, killing five civilians and injuring six others. Despite his hostility towards the British government, Adams believed the soldiers should receive a fair trial. He successfully defended the British soldiers with six of them being acquitted while the other two receiving reduced sentences. Though the initial reaction of American public to his action was hostile, later Adams' reputation was enhanced with people lauding him as a courageous and fair man.

#2 He played a prominent role in igniting the American Revolution

The Stamp Act of 1765 was an act of the Parliament of Great Britain which for the first time imposed direct taxation of all colonial commercial and legal papers, newspapers, pamphlets etc. John Adams vehemently opposed it in speech and also wrote a series of four articles against it. The act was repealed in 1766. He was also a leading figure in the opposition of the Townshend Acts of 1767, which levied tariffs on imported goods such as paper, glass and tea.

#3 He was a leading member of the Continental Congress

In 1774, John Adams was elected as representative of Massachusetts to the First Continental Congress. The Continental Congress was a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies which became the governing body of U.S. during the American Revolution. Adams was an influential member of the congress and argued in favor of permanent separation from Britain. In 1775, he nominated George Washington to serve as commander of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War.

#4 Adams played a principal role in administering the American Revolutionary War

John Adams was part of the Committee of Five which was asked to draft the Declaration of Independence. In 1777, Adams began serving as head of the Board of War, a special committee to administer the Continental Army. He was thus responsible for raising and equipping the American army and creating from scratch an American navy. He sat on at least ninety committees and chaired twenty five of them. He was referred to as "the first man in the House" and "one man war department".

#5 Adams helped negotiate the 1783 Treaty of Paris

Along with John Jay and Benjamin Franklin, Adams played a key role in negotiating the 1783 Treaty of Paris, which officially ended the American Revolutionary War. The British recognized U.S. as a free, sovereign, and independent state; and the other terms of the treaty were also exceedingly in favor of America. Though it was Franklin who played the foremost role in the negotiations, Adams' stubborn temperament was also important for achieving favorable terms.

#6 He served as U.S. ambassador to Britain and Netherlands

John Adams acted as the U.S. ambassador to the Dutch Republic from 1780 to 1788, negotiating loans worth 29 million guilders among other things. He remained in Europe after the revolution and arranged treaties of commerce with several European nations between 1784 and 1785 thus establishing extensive trade relations between Europe and the United States. He also served as the first U.S. ambassador to Britain from 1785 to 1788.

#7 John Adams became the second president of U.S. in 1797

John Adams served as the first Vice President of United States for eight years from 1789 to 1797, during the two terms of George Washington's presidency. In the United States presidential election of 1796, the first contested American presidential election, John Adams defeated Thomas Jefferson by a narrow electoral majority (71-68). He thus became the second President of the United States and served for one term from 1797 to 1801.

#8 He brought a peaceful end to the Quasi-War

When Adams became president there was an on-going war between Great Britain and France. Though Washington had maintained neutrality in the conflict, the French Navy started inflicting substantial losses on American shipping. In 1797, Adams sent a delegation to France to negotiate an end to hostilities but, in what is known as the XYZ affair, the French demanded large bribes before any negotiations. This started an undeclared war between U.S. and France known as Quasi-War. Adams strengthened American forces but refrained from declaring outright war. With U.S. navy inflicting damage on the French, the hostilities decreased and in 1800, Adams sent another peace delegation to France against the advice of the cabinet. The Convention of 1800, signed on 30th September, ended the Quasi-War. Bringing a peaceful end to Quasi War is considered Adams' major foreign policy achievement.

#9 He appointed John Marshall as Chief Justice of U.S.

Just before he vacated the presidential office, Adams named John Marshall, who was his Secretary of State, as the fourth Chief Justice of the United States. This is considered an important appointment because Marshall played a significant role in the development of the American legal system and cemented the position of the American judiciary as an independent and influential branch of government. With tenure of 12,570 days, Marshall remains the longest-serving Chief Justice of U.S.

#10 Adams was a prominent political author

John Adams wrote several prominent works during his life including A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America (1787) and Discourses on Davila (1790). Post retirement, Adams spent most of his time writing columns, books and letters, including a famous correspondence with Thomas Jefferson. Also, Adams was one of the founders of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, which remains among the most prestigious honorary societies and a leading center for policy research in U.S.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
John Adams was a Founding Father of the United States who played a leading role in the American Revolution; by opposing the 1765 Stamp Act, advocating complete separation from Great Britain, being part of the Continental Congress and the committee responsible for the Declaration of Independence, administrating the American war effort during the Revolutionary War and negotiating peace through the 1783 Treaty of Paris.

# data[].attributes.body
He signed the Naval Act which established a permanent standing Naval force of the United States

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
There have beenmany presidents in the history of the United States of America until today, but George Washington is someone who really marked the leadership of the country. He was the very first President of the United States and there are many interesting facts and stories from President Washington's life. He was the Commander in Chief of the Continental Army for about 8.5 years and all along he refused to accept any salary for his services. He even used his own money to fill the budget of the country. How overwhelming is that?

While his two elder half-brothers finished their schooling in England, the death of his father made schooling abroad impossible for George Washington. Despite of this, with only 8 years of education he was very smart and he excelled in mathematics. Do you know the phrase " So help me God"? George Washington was the first one who used it at his inauguration. Also, he was the one who came up with the idea of the title "Mr. President" as his official manner of address as head of state.
See Also: Top 10 Major Accomplishments of Abraham Lincoln
So, we are here today Mr. President to recall just a few of your accomplishments as one the best leaders of the United States of America in the history.

George Washington Full Portrait

1. George Washington's military experience began in the French and Indian War. During the Battle of the Monongahela in 1755, Washington showed great valor. He had two horses shot out from underneath him but managed to organize a general retreat and emerged as the Hero of Monongahela. After returning to Virginia with the battered army, he was given the new rank of colonel and was officially named the Commander-In-Chief of the Virginia regiment.

George Washington With The Family

George Washington At The Battle Of Princeton Yale University Art Gallery

5. George Washington signed the Naval Act (also known as the Act to Provide a Naval Armament) in 1794 to establish a permanent standing naval force of the United States of America, which eventually became the present-day US Navy.

6. Representing the United States of America, George Washington signed the Jay Treaty on November 19, 1794. Although it was not popular with the American public, the treaty settled outstanding issues between the two nations, maintained peace and preserved US neutrality. It also gave the United States valuable time to consolidate and rearm in the event of future conflict.

George Washington On One Dollar Bill

7. The Treaty of Greenville - signed by George Washington on one side and several western tribes on the other side- brought an end to the Indian Wars in the Ohio Country in 1795. The treaty established the official western border of the United States and opened much of Ohio for settlement. The treaty was not perfect by any means and the natives were regarding the agreement as a forced treaty. Therefore the peace between the Americans and native peoples of Ohio would not last.

George Washington, Comander In Chief

9. On April 22, 1973 George Washington issued the Proclamation Of Neutrality, that declared the nation's neutrality in the conflict between France and Great Britain. It also threatened legal proceedings against any American citizen giving assistance to any country at war.

10. At the first Virginia Convention, George Washington was elected as a Delegate to the First Continental Congress. From 1774 to 1789, the Continental Congress served as the government of the 13 American colonies and later the United States.
George Washington was born on February 22, 1732. The First Lady was Martha Dandridge Custis. He was serving the office from 1789 to 1797. He passed away December 14, 1799.

If you want to know more about George Washington's life and accomplishments check out this awesome documentary film by National Geographic or purchase "His Excellency", a book by Joseph Ellis.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Top 10 Major Accomplishments Of George Washington - Top Inspired

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
There have beenmany presidents in the history of the United States of America until today, but George Washington is someone who really marked the leadership of the country. He was the very first President of the United States and there are many interesting facts and stories from President Washington's life.

# data[].attributes.body
He was the Commander In-Chief when he led the Continental Army. When he was the leader of the Army he flipped the Army and made them great.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
There have beenmany presidents in the history of the United States of America until today, but George Washington is someone who really marked the leadership of the country. He was the very first President of the United States and there are many interesting facts and stories from President Washington's life. He was the Commander in Chief of the Continental Army for about 8.5 years and all along he refused to accept any salary for his services. He even used his own money to fill the budget of the country. How overwhelming is that?

While his two elder half-brothers finished their schooling in England, the death of his father made schooling abroad impossible for George Washington. Despite of this, with only 8 years of education he was very smart and he excelled in mathematics. Do you know the phrase " So help me God"? George Washington was the first one who used it at his inauguration. Also, he was the one who came up with the idea of the title "Mr. President" as his official manner of address as head of state.
See Also: Top 10 Major Accomplishments of Abraham Lincoln
So, we are here today Mr. President to recall just a few of your accomplishments as one the best leaders of the United States of America in the history.

George Washington Full Portrait

1. George Washington's military experience began in the French and Indian War. During the Battle of the Monongahela in 1755, Washington showed great valor. He had two horses shot out from underneath him but managed to organize a general retreat and emerged as the Hero of Monongahela. After returning to Virginia with the battered army, he was given the new rank of colonel and was officially named the Commander-In-Chief of the Virginia regiment.

George Washington With The Family

George Washington At The Battle Of Princeton Yale University Art Gallery

5. George Washington signed the Naval Act (also known as the Act to Provide a Naval Armament) in 1794 to establish a permanent standing naval force of the United States of America, which eventually became the present-day US Navy.

6. Representing the United States of America, George Washington signed the Jay Treaty on November 19, 1794. Although it was not popular with the American public, the treaty settled outstanding issues between the two nations, maintained peace and preserved US neutrality. It also gave the United States valuable time to consolidate and rearm in the event of future conflict.

George Washington On One Dollar Bill

7. The Treaty of Greenville - signed by George Washington on one side and several western tribes on the other side- brought an end to the Indian Wars in the Ohio Country in 1795. The treaty established the official western border of the United States and opened much of Ohio for settlement. The treaty was not perfect by any means and the natives were regarding the agreement as a forced treaty. Therefore the peace between the Americans and native peoples of Ohio would not last.

George Washington, Comander In Chief

9. On April 22, 1973 George Washington issued the Proclamation Of Neutrality, that declared the nation's neutrality in the conflict between France and Great Britain. It also threatened legal proceedings against any American citizen giving assistance to any country at war.

10. At the first Virginia Convention, George Washington was elected as a Delegate to the First Continental Congress. From 1774 to 1789, the Continental Congress served as the government of the 13 American colonies and later the United States.
George Washington was born on February 22, 1732. The First Lady was Martha Dandridge Custis. He was serving the office from 1789 to 1797. He passed away December 14, 1799.

If you want to know more about George Washington's life and accomplishments check out this awesome documentary film by National Geographic or purchase "His Excellency", a book by Joseph Ellis.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Top 10 Major Accomplishments Of George Washington - Top Inspired

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
There have beenmany presidents in the history of the United States of America until today, but George Washington is someone who really marked the leadership of the country. He was the very first President of the United States and there are many interesting facts and stories from President Washington's life.

# data[].attributes.body
He Established the Judiciary Act of 1789 which organized the Federal Judiciary and established 13 Federal District Courts

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
There have beenmany presidents in the history of the United States of America until today, but George Washington is someone who really marked the leadership of the country. He was the very first President of the United States and there are many interesting facts and stories from President Washington's life. He was the Commander in Chief of the Continental Army for about 8.5 years and all along he refused to accept any salary for his services. He even used his own money to fill the budget of the country. How overwhelming is that?

While his two elder half-brothers finished their schooling in England, the death of his father made schooling abroad impossible for George Washington. Despite of this, with only 8 years of education he was very smart and he excelled in mathematics. Do you know the phrase " So help me God"? George Washington was the first one who used it at his inauguration. Also, he was the one who came up with the idea of the title "Mr. President" as his official manner of address as head of state.
See Also: Top 10 Major Accomplishments of Abraham Lincoln
So, we are here today Mr. President to recall just a few of your accomplishments as one the best leaders of the United States of America in the history.

George Washington Full Portrait

1. George Washington's military experience began in the French and Indian War. During the Battle of the Monongahela in 1755, Washington showed great valor. He had two horses shot out from underneath him but managed to organize a general retreat and emerged as the Hero of Monongahela. After returning to Virginia with the battered army, he was given the new rank of colonel and was officially named the Commander-In-Chief of the Virginia regiment.

George Washington With The Family

George Washington At The Battle Of Princeton Yale University Art Gallery

5. George Washington signed the Naval Act (also known as the Act to Provide a Naval Armament) in 1794 to establish a permanent standing naval force of the United States of America, which eventually became the present-day US Navy.

6. Representing the United States of America, George Washington signed the Jay Treaty on November 19, 1794. Although it was not popular with the American public, the treaty settled outstanding issues between the two nations, maintained peace and preserved US neutrality. It also gave the United States valuable time to consolidate and rearm in the event of future conflict.

George Washington On One Dollar Bill

7. The Treaty of Greenville - signed by George Washington on one side and several western tribes on the other side- brought an end to the Indian Wars in the Ohio Country in 1795. The treaty established the official western border of the United States and opened much of Ohio for settlement. The treaty was not perfect by any means and the natives were regarding the agreement as a forced treaty. Therefore the peace between the Americans and native peoples of Ohio would not last.

George Washington, Comander In Chief

9. On April 22, 1973 George Washington issued the Proclamation Of Neutrality, that declared the nation's neutrality in the conflict between France and Great Britain. It also threatened legal proceedings against any American citizen giving assistance to any country at war.

10. At the first Virginia Convention, George Washington was elected as a Delegate to the First Continental Congress. From 1774 to 1789, the Continental Congress served as the government of the 13 American colonies and later the United States.
George Washington was born on February 22, 1732. The First Lady was Martha Dandridge Custis. He was serving the office from 1789 to 1797. He passed away December 14, 1799.

If you want to know more about George Washington's life and accomplishments check out this awesome documentary film by National Geographic or purchase "His Excellency", a book by Joseph Ellis.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Top 10 Major Accomplishments Of George Washington - Top Inspired

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
There have beenmany presidents in the history of the United States of America until today, but George Washington is someone who really marked the leadership of the country. He was the very first President of the United States and there are many interesting facts and stories from President Washington's life.

# data[].attributes.body
George Washington - Office Years : 1789 - 1797, Date of Birth : 2-22-1732, Date of Death : 12-14-1799, Political Party : Independent
John Adams - Office Years : 1797 - 1801, Date of Birth : 10-30-1735, Date of Death : 7-4-1826, Political Party : Federalist
Thomas Jefferson - Office Years : 1801 - 1809, Date of Birth : 4-13-1743, Date of Death : 7-4-1826, Political Party : Democratic-Republicans
James Madison - Office Years : 1809 - 1817, Date of Birth : 3-16-1751, Date of Death : 6-28-1836, Political Party : Democratic-Republicans
James Monroe - Office Years : 1817 - 1825, Date of Birth : 4-28-1758, Date of Death : 7-4-1831, Political Party : Democratic-Republicans