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Kasia Hańderek&2B, SPzOI 162, Cracow, Poland

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Kasia Hańderek&2B, SPzOI 162, Cracow, Poland

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Independence Day in our school - Sung Lesson of History

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Kasia Hańderek&2B, SPzOI 162, Cracow, Poland

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Kasia Hańderek&2B, SPzOI 162, Cracow, Poland

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Independence Day in our school - academy

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Independence Day in our school - academy

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Our posters

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Primary School No. 45 in Katowice, Poland

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Primary School No. 45 in Katowice, Poland

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Independent Day in our school

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Kasia Hańderek&2B, SPzOI 162, Cracow, Poland

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Kasia Hańderek&2B, SPzOI 162, Cracow, Poland

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Independence Day posters

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11 November – Polish National Independence Day

On 11 November Poland celebrates the National Independence Day. The date commemorates events from 1918 when Poland regained its independence after 123 years of partitions. I hope it's one of the greatest holidays in your country. Our best wishes on the Day. Live long and prosper!!!May all your dreams come true!!!

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Kasia Hańderek&2B, SPzOI 162, Cracow, Poland

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Kasia Hańderek&2B, SPzOI 162, Cracow, Poland

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We are preparing to Independence Day

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Our pupils take part in workshops on-site in school in Warsaw. They learn about Polish legions and the most important person associated with Poland's independence - Józef Piłsudski.

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Słowacja zdrowie bliźniego

sąsiada z okazji Święto Niepodległości w Polsce

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teacher: Danuta Bartkowiak - Siekańska

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National Independence Day ( Polish: Narodowe Święto Niepodległości) is a national day in Poland celebrated on 11 November to commemorate the anniversary of the restoration of Poland's sovereignty as the Second Polish Republic in 1918 from the German, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Empires. Following the partitions in the late 18th century, Poland ceased to exist for 123 years until the end of World War I, when the destruction of the neighbouring powers allowed the country to reemerge. It is a non-working day and a flag flying day in Poland.

The restoration of Poland's independence was gradual. The date of 11 November is the one on which Marshal Józef Piłsudski assumed control of Poland. It was a day of military ceremony since 1920. The holiday was constituted in 1937 and was celebrated only twice before World War II. After the war, the communist authorities of the People's Republic removed Independence Day from the calendar, though reclamation of independence continued to be celebrated informally on 11 November. The holiday was officially replaced by the National Day of Poland's Revival as Poland's National Day, celebrated on 22 July anniversary of the communist PKWN Manifesto under Joseph Stalin. In particular, during the 1980s, in many cities, including Warsaw, informal marches and celebrations were held, with the outlawed Solidarity Movement supporters participating. Typically these marches were brutally dispersed by the communist militarized police forces, with many participants arrested by the security police. During this time 11 November Independence Day marches, alongside the Constitution Day on 3 May celebration gatherings, also banned by the communist authorities, were the customary dates of demonstrations by the opponents of the communist regime. As Poland emerged from communism in 1989, the original holiday-on its original 11 November date-was restored.

The date coincides with the celebration of the Armistice in other countries. All of these holidays and Polish Independence Day are indirectly related because they all emerged from the circumstances at the end of World War I. In other countries, holidays were established in the spirit of grief and horror at the enormous human cost of the war, and they mark the sacrifices of those who fought. For Poland, however, the tragedy of the war was tempered by what had been accomplished at its end: the restoration of a sovereign Polish state that had been lost entirely in the partitions of Poland, after 123 years of struggle. The Polish holiday is therefore simultaneously a celebration of the reemergence of a Polish state and a commemoration of those who fought for it.

Crucial to restoring independence was the defeat in the war of all three of the occupying powers. Russia was plunged into the confusion of revolution and civil war, Austria-Hungary disintegrated and went into decline, and the German Empire bowed to pressure from the forces of the Entente. For Poles, this was a unique opportunity to reclaim their independence.

Following the defeat of the occupying forces, the Poles seized military and civil power, building the foundations of their future state. On 28 October 1918 the Polish Liquidation Commission was formed in Kraków. The Commission seized power from the Austrians in Galicia and Cieszyn Silesia. A few days later they succeeded in disarming the Austrian forces using members of the secret Polish Military Organisation as well as legionnaires and young people. On the nights of 6 and 7 November the Provisional Government of the People's Republic of Poland was formed in Lublin under the supervision of Ignacy Daszyński. The government was made up of representatives from the Polish Socialist Party (PPS), the Polish Social Democratic Party (PPSD) and the Polish People's Party "Wyzwolenie" (Liberation). At the same time the Government troops disarmed the occupying forces around the city of Kielce and Lublin. It was at this point that the country's future head of state, Józef Piłsudski, returned to Poland after incarceration by the Germans. His 10 November arrival in Warsaw was enthusiastically met by the population of the capital and saw the mass disarmament of the occupying forces across the whole of Poland. Piłsudski assumed authority on 11 November, forming a new centralized government and soon calling parliamentary elections.

5 November 1916 - Act of 5th November was released in order to create the Regency Kingdom of Poland

14 January 1917 - Provisional Council of State had started its activity

12 November 1917 - Regency Council took over the head of state duties

7 October 1918 - Regency Council announced Poland's independence

23 October 1918 - government with the prime minister Józef Świeżyński was established, without approval by the German authorities

1 November - branches of the Polish Military Organization began disarming German and Austrian soldiers

6/7 November 1918 - in Lublin, Ignacy Daszyński established a Provisional Government of the People's Republic of Poland

10 November 1918 - Józef Piłsudski came to Warsaw, previously released from prison in Magdeburg.

11 November 1918 - Piłsudski was appointed Commander in Chief by the Regency Council and was entrusted with creating a national government for the restored Polish State.

16 November - Józef Piłsudski signed a telegram notifying the creation of an independent Polish State. The telegram was sent by radio to the leaders of the superpowers and to all of the warring or neutral governments three days later with the use of equipment from the Warsaw Citadel, just after exiting the German troops.

17 November - after the resignations of Ignacy Daszyński, Józef Piłsudski appointed Jędrzej Moraczewski as the prime minister.

Presided by the President of Poland in his capacity as Commander in Chief of the Polish Armed Forces, the televised celebrations at Warsaw's Piłsudski Square serve as the national celebratory event in honor of the anniversary of the restoration of Polish independence in 1918. The parade contingent is made up of a regiment-sized formations of two battalions, two composed of armed forces personnel and the other made up of personnel of the civil services and is led by a general or flag officer (at times a Colonel/Captain) of the Armed Forces, usually the commanding officer of the Representative Honor Guard Regiment of the Polish Armed Forces or as commanding general of the Warsaw Capital Garrison or armed forces formations stationed in the capital.

The parade formation is formed up into:

1st Battalion

1 Honor Guard Company (Presidential Joint Service), 1st Guards Battalion, Representative Honor Guard Regiment of the Polish Armed Forces

Honor Guard Company, Polish Land Forces

Honor Guard Squadron, Polish Air Force

Honor Guard Company, Polish Navy

Warsaw Capital Garrison Command Honor Guard Company

Honor Guard Company, Polish Territorial Defence Forces

Honor Guard Company of the Armed Forces Support Inspectorate

Honor Guard Company of the Military Gendarmerie of the Armed Forces

Representative Central Band of the Polish Armed Forces

2nd Battalion

Honor Guard Company of the Border Guard Service

Honor Guard Company of the Polish Police

Honor Guard Company of the State Fire Service

Honor Guard Company of the Customs Service of the National Revenue Administration

Honor Guard Company of the Prisons Service

Honor Guard Company of the Marshal's Guard of the Sejm

These formations, except for the 1 Honor Guard Company (Presidential Joint Service), have extra two personnel for the guard mounting segment in front of the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, which is during the ceremony proper. Behind the formations is the RHGR's State Honors Artillery Battery, whose 4-5 vintage First World War field guns are stationed.

The ceremony begins at 10am, before that the Minister of National Defense and the Prime Minister each inspect the formations assembled. As the troopers of the Presidential Horse Guard Mounted Ceremonial Squadron of the Polish Armed Forces take their places at the west end, the President arrives as the musicians of the RCB-PAF sound a fanfare and then the Marsz Generalski is played as following the disembarking from the vehicle, he/she then inspects the troopers, following which the Chief of the General Staff walks to him/her following the first inspection to inform him of the commencement of the parade and ceremony event:

Mr/Mrs President, sir/ma'am, the Chief of the General Staff (states rank and name) informs you that the ceremonial guard mounting and parade of the Warsaw Capital Garrison in honor of the (states numbering) anniversary of the restoration of national independence of the Republic of Poland has been formed up and is now ready for your inspection, sir/ma'am.

The report received, the President then inspects the two battalions of the parade joint regiment, which had just presented arms at the order of the parade commander. He/she stops to render honors to the ceremonial colours of each of the units that compose the parade. After all have been inspected, the President then stops at the center of the square nearest the presidential grandstand to greet the formations:

President: Greetings, servicemen and women!
Parade formation: Good morning, Mr/Mrs President, sir/ma'am!

Following this both the President and the Chief of the General Staff proceed to the south end facing the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier to render honors to the Unknown Soldier of the Polish War of Independence buried there in 1925. Another contingent of battalion size is present, representing military veterans, reservists and the Polish Scouting and Guiding Association. Following this, the Presidential Fanfare is sounded as the presidential jack is raised to indicate the presence of the President as Commander in Chief of the Polish Armed Forces. Both then proceed to the grandstand to receive the other dignitaries present, including the following:

Prime Minister of Poland

Marshals of Parliament (Sejm and the Senate), deputies and senators

Service commanders and general and flag officers under the Ministry of National Defense and the Armed Forces General Headquarters

Ministers and deputy ministers

Commanders of the public uniformed security organizations

The diplomatic corps, religious representatives and if present representatives from NATO armed forces

Veterans of the armed forces the public uniformed security organizations and relatives and family members of fallen service personnel

If present, representatives from state firms and the private sector

The parade commander then shouts For the raising of the national flag, colour guard, take post! to commence the flag raising ceremony segment, in which three servicemen from 1 Honor Guard Company (Presidential Joint Service), 1st Guards Battalion, RHGR-PAF, then march off from their positions to take their place at the square's central flagpole. As they stop and the Flag of Poland is unfurled another fanfare is sounded and following the command In honor of the anniversary of the restoration of the independence of the Republic of Poland, colour guard, raise the national flag! the RCB-PAF's musicians, together with the singers of the Symphony Orchestra and Choir of the Armed Forces, perform the National Anthem Poland Is Not Yet Lost.

Following this, a serviceman from the Warsaw Capital Garrison Command reads in public the Act of National Remembrance of and to the Fallen ( Apel Pamięci), in which the parade remembers the millions of Polish war and civilian dead in the wars and conflicts fought by the Polish nation and people over the years. When the reading is completed a 21-gun salute is fired as 3 Scouts and Guides escort a ceremonial candle from the square to the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier as the tribute of the nation's young men and women to the memory of the millions who perished for country and people. The Armed Forces Memorial Fanfare ( Haslo Wojska Polskiego) is then sounded.

The act of remembrance finished the parade commander then prepares the companies for the solemn guard mounting at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. Each of the company commanders, save that of 1 Honor Guard Company (Presidential Joint Service), after having taken their posts at the center of the square and with the parade now at the order arms position and then ordered at ease, then inform him of the readiness of their companies for the guard mount:

Colonel/Brigadier General sir, the guard of honor company is ready for the ceremony of the mounting of the guard. Company commander of the (states honor guard company and service branch), (states rank and name)

After all the company commanders have returned to their posts, the parade renders honors again as a fanfare call is sounded and then the parade commander orders the parade to begin the mounting of the guard sentry platoon. The guard commander is an officer of the Warsaw Garrison Command, with the platoon made up of the extra two personnel assigned to each of the units forming the parade. To music of the band the sentry platoon takes its position at the center of the square and then march on to the tomb for the guard mount, wherein as the sentry platoon, the New Guard, takes its place of honor, the old guard section of just two soldiers from the WGC march off back to the parade formation with the guard officer.

Following the presidential address that follows the guard mounting ceremony, wreaths are laid in the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in honor of the millions of men and women who perished for country and people through the centuries of Polish existence. The President, Prime Minister and Minister of National Defense are the first to offer their remembrances there, followed by other high ranking civil, military and public security officials and representatives of the public and private sectors and veterans' organizations. Spij Kolego is played by a trumpeter of the band once all the wreaths have been laid.

Following the wreath laying, the band plays the Armed Forces March We Are the First Brigade. After this, the parade commander orders the beginning of the march past of all the units present:

The parade will now march off in quick time, by your companies, parade, stand at.... ease!

Following this the commander of 1 Honor Guard Company (Presidential Joint Service) orders his company at attention for the march off, followed by the commanding officers of each of the other companies that form the parade battalions. All companies slope arms, execute a right turn and then begin the march off as the band starts playing. Outside the square, if any, are a number of living history and historical reenactment formations that prepare to march past after all the contingents on the square have marched off the grounds, wearing uniforms from various eras of Polish history. The band plays a neutral march first as the parade forms up for the march past by companies and then Warszawianka is played at the signal of the band drum major, marking the signal for the march past to begin. All the parade companies salute at the eyes right with all colours dipped and officers saluting their sabres.

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it.

Starting in 2008 on 11 November in Warsaw selected nationalist organizations participated in a "March of Independence" launched by the far-right National Radical Camp (ONR) and All-Polish Youth leading to notable violent incidents and arrests. During the 2012 clashes between extremists and the police, 176 rioters were detained and 22 police officers wounded. In 2013 a group of 72 far-right hooligans were detained and 12 police officers taken to hospital. Damages to private and public property by the masked youth was estimated at 120,000 zł. Significant acts of vandalism included the burning of the LGBT "Tęcza" Rainbow Arch at a Warsaw square, others took place near the Russian embassy. The unofficial march was declared illegal by the authorities and the city. As of April 2014 administrative courts continue to analyze evidence.

However, the desire for street celebrations has already been expressed by the public. In 2011 over 20,000 people took place in a daytime march in different cities, preceding the nighttime clashes in Warsaw. In response, the President of Poland Bronisław Komorowski proposed in 2011 that he will lead the new official Independence March in 2012. His offer was backed by the ruling PO and PSL coalition, but opposed by the nationalists.

As of 2012 there is a popular and all-inclusive march taking place in Warsaw led by the President under the name "Razem dla Niepodległej" ("Together for the Independent"). It is considered a continuation of the official ceremonies of the anniversary, and accompanied by patriotic displays and songs. The number of participants in the 2012 Presidential march was estimated at 10,000.

Meanwhile, the violent incidents were heavily covered in the Polish media, with commentators criticizing the lack of leadership on the part of the government in the face of the extremity of the far-right rhetoric. The media coverage is seen as selective and unduly focused on riots instead of the Presidential march which is in no way connected with them.

In 2017, 60,000 people marched in a procession organized by the Polish National Radical Camp and other far-right groups, some chanting "Death to enemies of the fatherland" and "Catholic Poland, not secular".

The slogan of the march was "We want God", which comes from an old Polish religious song and a phrase quoted by US President Donald Trump during his visit to Poland earlier in the year.

The Independence March in 2018 took place without major incidents. In Warsaw alone, at least 250,000 civilians participated in the celebrations.

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National Independence Day (Poland) - Wikipedia

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National Independence Day ( Polish: Narodowe Święto Niepodległości) is a national day in Poland celebrated on 11 November to commemorate the anniversary of the restoration of Poland's sovereignty as the Second Polish Republic in 1918 from the German, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Empires.

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teacher: Danuta Bartkowiak - Siekańska

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Polonia Triumphans, projekt środkowej części tryptyku pędzla Stanisława Batowskiego Kaczora z 1929 roku, przewidziany do dekoracji sali posiedzeń Sejmu II Rzeczypospolitej

Narodowe Święto Niepodległości - święto państwowe w Polsce obchodzone corocznie 11 listopada dla upamiętnienia odzyskania niepodległości przez Polskę w 1918, po 123 latach zaborów (1795-1918). Święto zostało ustanowione ustawą z dnia 23 kwietnia 1937, zniesione ustawą Krajowej Rady Narodowej 22 lipca 1945, przywrócono je ustawą w okresie transformacji systemowej w 1989. Jest dniem wolnym od pracy.

Znaczenie daty

Odzyskiwanie przez Polskę niepodległości było procesem stopniowym. Wybór 11 listopada uzasadnić można zbiegiem wydarzeń w Polsce z zakończeniem I wojny światowej dzięki zawarciu rozejmu w Compiègne 11 listopada 1918, pieczętującego ostateczną klęskę Niemiec. Dzień wcześniej przybył do Warszawy Józef Piłsudski. W tych dwóch dniach, 10 i 11 listopada 1918, naród polski uświadomił sobie w pełni odzyskanie niepodległości, a nastrój głębokiego wzruszenia i entuzjazmu ogarnął kraj. Jędrzej Moraczewski opisał to słowami:

Niepodobna oddać tego upojenia, tego szału radości, jaki ludność polską w tym momencie ogarnął. Po 120 latach prysły kordony. Nie ma „ich". Wolność! Niepodległość! Zjednoczenie! Własne państwo! Na zawsze! Chaos? To nic. Będzie dobrze. Wszystko będzie, bo jesteśmy wolni od pijawek, złodziei, rabusiów, od czapki z bączkiem, będziemy sami sobą rządzili. (...) Cztery pokolenia nadaremno na tę chwilę czekały, piąte doczekało. (...)

Dzieje obchodów

Dzieci biorące udział w obchodach Narodowego Święta Niepodległości (Gdańsk, 2010)

W latach 1919-1936 rocznice odzyskania niepodległości świętowano w Warszawie jako uroczystości o charakterze wojskowym. Organizowano je zazwyczaj w pierwszą niedzielę po 11 listopada. W 1919 roku nie było sprzyjającej sytuacji by uczcić rocznicę odzyskania niepodległości, ponieważ trwały jeszcze wojny o granice Rzeczypospolitej. Pierwszy raz w pełni uroczyście upamiętniono odzyskanie niepodległości 14 listopada 1920. Tego dnia uhonorowano Józefa Piłsudskiego jako zwycięskiego Wodza Naczelnego w wojnie polsko-bolszewickiej wręczając mu buławę marszałkowską.

Po przewrocie majowym w 1926 obchody kolejnych rocznic były uroczystościami ściśle wojskowymi. W tym samym roku 8 listopada Józef Piłsudski jako prezes ministrów wydał okólnik ustanawiający ten dzień wolnym od pracy dla urzędników państwowych. Odtąd w tym dniu na placu Saskim w Warszawie Piłsudski dokonywał przeglądu pododdziałów, a następnie odbierał defiladę (po raz ostatni w 1934 roku). W 1928 roku plac Saski w stolicy nazwano placem marszałka Józefa Piłsudskiego, a cztery lata później Minister Wyznań Religijnych i Oświecenia Publicznego ustanowił ten dzień wolnym od nauki. Rozporządzeniem Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej z dn. 29 października 1930 ustanowiono odznaczenie państwowe Krzyż i Medal Niepodległości dla osób czynnie zasłużonych dla niepodległości Polski. 11 listopada 1932 odsłonięto Pomnik Lotnika w Warszawie. Rangę święta państwowego nadano Świętu Niepodległości dopiero ustawą z dn. 23 kwietnia 1937. Miało ono łączyć odzyskanie suwerenności państwowej z zakończeniem I wojny światowej oraz upamiętniać Józefa Piłsudskiego. Do czasu wybuchu II wojny światowej obchody państwowe odbyły się dwa razy: w 1937 i 1938; w 1937 uświetniono je odsłonięciem pomnika gen. Józefa Sowińskiego.

Plac Piłsudskiego 11 listopada 1938 roku.

Podczas okupacji niemieckiej w latach 1939-1945 jawne świętowanie polskich świąt państwowych było niemożliwe. Organizatorzy przygotowywanych konspiracyjnie obchodów rocznicy 11 listopada, głównie w ramach małego sabotażu, byli narażeni na dotkliwe represje. Jednak mimo to pamięć o Święcie Niepodległości starano się podtrzymywać. W dniach poprzedzających 11 listopada na murach, ogrodzeniach, płytach chodnikowych pojawiały się afisze, ulotki i napisy „Polska żyje", „Polska zwycięży", „Polska walczy", „Jeszcze Polska nie zginęła", „11.XI.1918" itp., a od 1942 roku także znak Polski Walczącej. Częstokroć pomniki przystrajano biało-czerwonymi kwiatami i proporczykami, a w miejscach o trwałej symbolice narodowej mocowano flagę narodową. Również w prasie konspiracyjnej, głównie w „Biuletynie Informacyjnym" podziemnej Armii Krajowej, zamieszczano artykuły przypominające o Święcie Niepodległości.

W 1945 ustanowiono Narodowe Święto Odrodzenia Polski, obchodzone 22 lipca, w rocznicę ogłoszenia Manifestu PKWN, i jednocześnie zniesiono Święto Niepodległości.

7 listopada 1968 roku odbyły się w Lublinie główne obchody 50. rocznicy odzyskania niepodległości w 1918 roku. Na uroczystej akademii przemówienie okolicznościowe wygłosił premier J. Cyrankiewicz.

W okresie PRL obchody rocznicy odzyskania niepodległości 11 listopada organizowane były również nielegalnie przez środowiska niepodległościowe w tym piłsudczykowskie. Organizatorzy i uczestnicy tych uroczystości często byli represjonowani przez ówczesne władze państwowe. Wyjątek stanowiły lata 1980-1981, kiedy za sprawą działalności związku zawodowego „Solidarność" przywrócono Świętu Niepodległości należne miejsce w świadomości społecznej.

W latach 80. delegacja władz państwowych w dniu Święta Niepodległości składała wieniec przed Grobem Nieznanego Żołnierza. Niezależnie od władz środowiska opozycyjne w kolejnych latach organizowały własne obchody.

Święto Niepodległości obchodzone 11 listopada zostało przywrócone przez Sejm PRL ustawą z 15 lutego 1989 pod nazwą „Narodowe Święto Niepodległości". 11 listopada 1997 Sejm podjął uchwałę głoszącą m.in. Ta uroczysta rocznica skłania także do refleksji nad półwieczem, w którym wolnościowe i demokratyczne aspiracje Polaków były dławione przez hitlerowskich i sowieckich okupantów, a następnie - obcą naszej tradycji - podporządkowaną Związkowi Radzieckiemu komunistyczną władzę.

Współcześnie, obchody Święta Niepodległości z udziałem najwyższych władz państwowych odbywają się na placu marsz. Józefa Piłsudskiego w Warszawie, przed Grobem Nieznanego Żołnierza. Inne formy obchodów to: Bieg Niepodległości organizowany od 1989 w Warszawie, Koncert Niepodległości organizowany od 2009 roku w Muzeum Powstania Warszawskiego, wykłady i inscenizacje historyczne, koncerty patriotyczne czy parady ulicami miast, np. Marsz Niepodległości w Warszawie, Marsz Patriotów i Radosna Parada Niepodległości we Wrocławiu, Parada Niepodległości w Gdańsku.

W 2018 zorganizowano obchody 100-lecia odzyskania niepodległości przez Polskę.

Bibliografia

Linki zewnętrzne

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Narodowe Święto Niepodległości - Wikipedia, wolna encyklopedia

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Narodowe Święto Niepodległości - święto państwowe w Polsce obchodzone corocznie 11 listopada dla upamiętnienia odzyskania niepodległości przez Polskę w 1918, po 123 latach zaborów (1795-1918). Święto zostało ustanowione ustawą z dnia 23 kwietnia 1937, zniesione ustawą Krajowej Rady Narodowej 22 lipca 1945, przywrócono je ustawą w okresie transformacji systemowej w 1989.