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Throughout the week, I have been working on the development and design of my three-dimensional model of my new tennis court system. I have been using the Autodesk Inventor resource in order to create my product. The Autodesk Inventor application allows me to invent the tennis court along with the internal and external views of the product. Also, the source allows me to present the layout of my tennis system in multiple and different perspectives. By using Autodesk Inventor, my product will be presented with accuracy and clearness. Throughout the creation of my three-dimensional model on Autodesk Inventor, I have been making the surface of the average tennis court. To make the tennis court very precise and accurate, I am using the exact dimensions of the average tennis court. After I have finished building the tennis court surface, I am going to create the cameras that will be used in the new passive motion capturing system. For the tennis court, I have decided that four cameras would be a good number for the amount needed to track the ball. The reason why I have chosen four is because I can place a camera in each corner of the stadium so that the ball can be tracked down or located from every angle of the court. After I have created the cameras for the new motion capturing system, I will be created a three-dimension model of the new design for the tennis ball, which contains the white-dotted markings on the surface of the ball.

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Throughout the week, I have been working on the development of my idea of using the passive method of motion capturing in tennis. During the development, I have researching more about how accurate the motion capturing system would be if I were to use them.These pieces of technology are used in various devices such as movies, other sports, and video games, which all consist with fast-moving objects.. Also, the I have been surveying people on whether they would agree with my solution to the hawk-eye issues. So far, I have surveyed a total of 15 people and I have received a total of 13 responses that were approving my idea of incorporating the passive motion capturing system in tennis. Since many people are on board with my development of the new hawk-eye system, I have a good support for my project. Also, I have been working on creating the three-dimensional model of what the tennis court with the motion capturing systems implemented would look like. I have been recently placing the cameras that would track the motion of the white dots on the tennis ball on every corner of the stadium. Also, during the creation of my new tennis court layout, I have been asking people if they like the white marked dots on the surface of a tennis ball. Many of the responses were positive feedback such as, "I think it would a great idea because it would give the tennis ball a more appealing look" as well as "it would make the tennis ball more visible on court when you are playing too!"

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Throughout the week, I have been working on resolving the possible issues and problems that would occur when using satellite tracking devices in my project. During the process of fixing the issues, I have found the perfect solution that will not conflict with any existing variables. Instead of using satellite tracking devices, I have researched and decided to use a motion capturing system for my tennis court. The reason why I have decided to use a motion capturing system is because it does not change or affect anything in the sport of tennis. Instead, the system will produce accuracy and precision when judging calls on the court. How I will use the motion capturing system is that I will use a specific kind. The type I will be using is called passive motion capturing, which uses markers to track distinct objects at high-speed movement. This type of motion capturing uses white balls or dots that are placed on an object. Then, cameras will follow the specific dots that will calculate the location of where they are. By putting white dots around the surface of a tennis ball, cameras placed around the court can pin-point the markers and find where the ball has landed on the court. By using white dots or markers, the factors of a tennis ball such as weight, velocity, and material will not be affected. Also, the white dots on the tennis ball will create a more appealing and also a more visible object when in motion.

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Throughout the week, I have been working on the development of my idea of using satellite tracking sensors on professional tennis courts. During the development, I have researching more about how satellite tracking sensors work in real life. These pieces of technology are used in various devices such as the global positioning system. Also, the satellite tracking sensors would follow and pin-point every movement or motion of the tennis ball. After a point is finished, the tracking sensor would have calculated every position of the tennis ball within that point. If a challenge is requested, the people in the analysis booth would use the software that is connected to the satellite tracking sensor and the device would pull up every image of where the ball was during the point. When the analysts have found the location of the ball that was challenged by a player, they would quickly pull up the replay on the screen to justify if the call was in or out. In order for the technology to work, the system would have to be adjusted to where it would calculate the total surface area of the tennis court. Each sensor would be link to a specific tennis court. Then, the sensors would be connected to a satellite that would send the location of the tennis ball back to the people who analyze the play of the match. One concern I have with using satellite tracking sensors is that there may be an issue with pulling up the information for quickly. However, in order to resolve this problem, each court will have many analysts who would have certain jobs to pull up the information as quickly as possible. A group of people could operate the connection system while another group of people focus on finding the location of the ball. After the ball is found, one other group would work to send the replay to the challenging screen.

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Throughout the week of April 9, 2018, I have been continuing the planning and the development of my newly improved tennis court. So far, I have decided to back away from the idea of using laser sensors. The reason why I have decided not to include the laser sensors is because they seem to create multiple flaws if they were to be incorporated into the tennis court. For example, if I were to use laser sensors, they would be triggered not only by the tennis ball, but also the tennis players as well. Along with th previous issue, the laser sensors would also not be able to have a large range that will be enough to reach each sides of the court. Therefore, the laser sensors will not be added into the new tennis court. However, I intend to resolve the issues with the new tennis court by adding in a new piece of technology. The new device is a satellite that would be placed above the tennis court in order to track and calculate the location of a tennis ball from a bird’s-eye view. By using the satellite, the tennis ball can be accurately pin-pointed by people who analyze each point of the match. If a player were to challenge a call, the analysts could simply just review the point using the information from the satellite and transfer the correction to the court. I also have another solution to the problems that may occur. Instead of a satellite, I could also use a satellite tracking device that could be placed around the court. By using the device, the information would be imported from satellites and brought back to analysts.

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Throughout the week, I have been planning and creating the rough draft of my improved tennis court. During my creation of my layout, I have labeled where I would place the laser sensors on the court. However, after finishing my rough draft, I have noticed that if I were to use the laser sensors and place them near the baseline of the court, problems will occur. One of the problems include the laser not being able to only track the tennis ball. The laser sensor may track the motion of the player as they are running around the court near the baseline. Therefore, in order to resolve this issue, I have decided not to incorporate the laser sensors. Also, another problem that could arise is that the tracking sensor within the tennis ball may affect the bounce, motion, and its speed. In order to resolve this issue, I will have to calculate the conditions of the original tennis ball and the new changes of the new tennis ball. Also, instead of using wireless tracking sensors, I have thought about improving the cameras used with the Hawkeye technology as well as include a device that would track the motion of a tennis ball from above the tennis court. By using the new device, the ball can be precisely tracked from a bird’s eye view and analyzed by people if a call needs to be justified. When using the new device, the line judging and Hawkeye system will not change or will not be affected. Therefore, instead of using laser tracking systems, I may instead use the satellite device.

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Throughout the week, I have been finalizing my research and concluding all the information I would need to construct my tennis court. During the end of my research, I have found that the company that creates tracking sensors, Zebra, can be used and incorporated into the sport of tennis. The tracking sensors are about the size of a quarter, however, they are lightweight and compact. They have an estimated weight of about 0.5 oz, therefore, the added weight to the tennis ball will not be affected. Also, the tracking sensors are very durable, meaning that they will be strong enough to withstand the hard-hitting forces of all the professional tennis players. After finishing my research and gathering all of my data, I began drawing out a rough draft of what my modified tennis court would look like. I have written all of the dimensions of the tennis court along with labeling each part of the court. I have also labeled and drew where the laser sensors would be placed, which they will be located along the sides of the court. One concern that I have about the laser sensors is that they could be signally the ball out, however, the ball could just be landing in the court and passing their sensing field after the ball bounces. I intend to solve this problem by just connecting the tracking sensors to the ball only, and maybe removing the laser sensors from the court. By just having the tracking sensors, the people in the analyzing booths could just simply track the location of the ball to justify if it was indeed in or out.

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Throughout the past week, I have been continuing my research that primarily focused on laser motion sensors. During my research, I had found out that laser motion sensors are terrific at gathering very quick speeds of moving objects. Laser motion sensors could be the perfect piece of technology and equipment to track the motion of a tennis ball on the court. The laser motion sensors could be lined up along the baselines of a tennis court on the sides so that they would send an invisible field across the court. I have also researched and found an article about the NFL recently inputting micro-tracking chips inside their footballs. The microchips are lightweight, which allows for no major changes or effects to the football. Also, the chips would allow people to know the exact location of the ball as well as the speed, velocity, and many more pieces of information about its motion. The micro-tracking chips, which were specifically designed by a technological company named Zebra, could be placed within the tennis balls used during professional matches. The information about the location of the tennis ball would be sent to the people who analyze the tennis match. Therefore, allowing the people to justify if the ball landed outside of the line. Once the call is analyzed, the people could show the players by replaying it to them, providing a more accurate and precise call.

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During this week, I have been collecting more information and data about the Hawkeye technology being used in the sport of tennis. Some of the things that I was looking for in my research were pieces of technology that could be used across the tennis court that would track the location of the tennis ball. What I have found in my research is that motion sensors are excellent pieces of technology that can figure out when an item crosses a certain point of line. If I were to use motion sensors, I could equip them on the sides of the tennis court where they would line up with the baseline. Then, once the motion sensors are turned on, they will send an invisible line that will only track when the tennis ball reaches the outside of the baseline. In order for the tennis sensor to only track the tennis ball and not any other objects such as the players, I could place a small chip that would be connected to the motion sensor through wireless configuration into the tennis ball. This will allow the motion sensor to only pick up the motion of the tennis ball, making sure that it will not interfere with any other objects in the surrounding area. I have also researched that microchips are very weight-light and fairly inexpensive, cause ineffective factors into play.

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Over the past few days of the week, I primarily focused on gaining much information and reliable resources that would help produce a thorough research. Things that I researched were current issues that existed with the use of technology in tennis such as inaccurate line calls from cameras. Also, I researched about the construction of professional tennis courts and what materials are used. After reading articles and resources I have found, I learned that recently, the current line-calling technology named Hawkeye, had been judging some shots made by players incorrectly. For example, one player named Fabio Fognini was furious after having his shot called in, though the video replay had judged it was out. Also, within the research I had found, people say that the Hawkeye used is sometimes in fact "too slow" to capture the quick motion of the ball. The Hawkeye can only capture a specific amount of frames per second, while tennis balls can be struck at speeds of 150 miles per hour. This brought up the question, "What pieces of current technology can be able to record the motion of fast-pace tennis balls with accuracy and precision?" to my attention. In my project, I will need to collect information about pressure plates and high-speed motion sensors that are said to be highly effective with quick reflexes.