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New south wales was weary, they thought that federation would damage their influence and power. They were also unsure as to wether sydney would be named capital

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Throughout Tasmania experience of Federation brought fluctuations to the economy, but mostly a prosperous time. This allowed them to become a world centre for ship building, Building a local defines force.

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Immigration laws and restrictions would be hard to co-ordinate, new south wales felt that they could handle these issues more effectively by themselves

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not victoria

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New south wales could get caught up in the issues of smaller states, its resources divided and defence force weakened

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How did Tasmania celebrate federation?  

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How did Tasmania celebrate federation?  

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Tasmania, when they federated, wrote in newspapers and wrote reports in official procedings

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Different laws were put in place to what was in place before federation

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The Queensland Parliament passed the 'federation enabling act' which led to Queensland joining the federation of Australian colonies

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Tasmania, New South Wales, South Australia, Victoria and Queensland took part and all voted ‘yes’ to Federation

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Tax rates would dramatically increase due to the enormous reforms needed in parliament as well as the money that would be needed to assist other smaller and poorer states

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Farmers have access to farms in other states where the conditions were different and suited to different produce

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These political leaders also had to deal with the rise of the Union movement and central and northern parts of QLD wanting to form their own colonies - so they were very busy at the time.

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Western Australia was initially reluctant to the concept of Federation, but over time they became accustomed to the idea and became one of the last states to federate.

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Continuing on with the Great Depression, when unemployment rates were 25% and a large population being homeless, there was a huge vote of 68% in favour of South Australia becoming independent again, however this was quickly stopped by the government.

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Uniform railway lines and transportation systems across states made the access to more resources easier

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Some Australians wanted to eliminate unwanted foreigners, providing more employment for Australians

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An increase in trade would be beneficial to the local economy and business. Wool, wheat and produce could be sold to other states

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Laws could be enforced better if accused people could not escape to a neighbouring colony.

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Laws could be enforced better if accused people could not escape to a neighbouring colony.

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Victoria imposed intercolonial tariffs on manufactured items and agricultural products that came from other Australian colonies. Victorian farmers and factory owners argued that they needed protection from competition or their businesses would not survive.

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Queensland wanted federation because NSW was going to federatate and they didnt want to get behind the times and behind NSW

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Victoria believed that they would become the most powerful state if Australia became one

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During the Great Depression, (After federation was found in 1901,) Western Australia was the main funder of education and work for the other states, this threw the unemployment rate from 9% all to way to its peak at 25% by December 1930, as they had to fund other states rather than pay for their own population,

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New south wales was going through a time of great economic depression, federation means that we can avoid these events in the future

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A national, combined defence unit would be far stronger than the individual states.

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Queensland political leaders focused on other
matters, such as developing industries in QLD, while other colonies worked towards Federation.

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For Tasmania, Federation would be expensive to achieve and a federated country would be expensive to run.

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Queensland's parliament only agreed to a referendum when they were sure that New South Wales would join

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Victoria eventually wanted to become part of the federation in the late 19th century. This made Victoria become part of the ORIGINAL nation, and thus a head of its time

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People in Brisbane were afraid of their businesses being ruined due to free trade

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The completion of South Australia’s Overland Telegraph Line in 1872 connected Australia with London through undersea cables to Java and then Europe.

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Western Australia had quite a large population, with over 2 thirds of the population in Perth. Once they had to fund the other countries (The Great Depression was around 1930's, federation for WA was brought around 1901.) a huge percentage of the population would be out of work and homeless.

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Reasons for other colonies wanting to federate (BY TEAM TAS)

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Reasons for other colonies wanting to federate (BY TEAM TAS)

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Reasons for other colonies federation:

United defence force to protect the country

A united defence force meant better protection, which meant colonies wanted federation

Strengthen immigration la3ws and keep foreign people out of the country

Transportation between colonies could be achieved with federation, as resources could be transported to rural and urban towns and cities

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Tasmania was one of the colonies that charged intercolonial tariffs, and it relied heavily on the income they generated. The tariffs made imported goods more expensive. This protected local industries that were not profitable enough to compete with cheaper imports. The Tasmanian Government did not want to lose these tariffs as a result of Federation.

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South Australia was established as a free settlement in 1836. Unlike the other Australian colonies, there were never any convicts transported from Britain to the shores of South Australia, which appealed to many people

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QLD’s workers were afraid that competition with industries in the southern colonies would threaten their jobs

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Tasmania always wanted to federate and voted for it in the beginning.

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Tasmania relied on income from intercolonial tariffs, or taxes it charged on goods coming from other colonies. However, with Federation, only the Commonwealth could charge import tariffs, leaving TAS without their main income.

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The white Australian law was enforced, leading the federation into more racism. Australia had not adapted to co-existing with other nations e.g. Chinese, Japanese and Afghani Camaleers. Australia needs to learn to adapt to Multi-culturalism so introducing the White Australian Law means that Australia cannot continue learning to adapt.

We can see that Australians haven't adapted through the anti Chinese riots including Meroo in 1854, Rocky River in 1856 and Clunes in 1873 (white Australian law).

Union leader W.G. Spencer described the Clunes riot a fight against “pig-tailed heathens”. This source furthers our evidence to show that White Australians are still racist and making the White Australian Law will not allow people to adapt to co-exist.

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the people of South Australia strongly supported Federation in the two referendums, in 1898 and 1899.

(Some pay to see me win, some pay to see me lose, but they all pay.floyd mayweather)

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Sugar cane plantation owners were also worried that the new Federal Parliament would create laws that would not allow immigration of non-British people - this means losing the South Pacific Islanders that worked in their fields

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The gold rush in Victoria gave Tasmania a economic disadvantage because

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Tasmania's interest in the idea was even greater than that of New South Wales.

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Tasmanian politicians were very much in favour of Federation

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Many workers in WA had lived in other Australian states and so felt patriotism and nationalism towards a combined Australia, and believed that federating would grant them more rights and protection.

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Australia, and thus Victoria, become more independent after breaking away from England

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Almost 80 per cent of the enfranchised South Australians who had expressed an opinion on the draft Constitution for an Australian Commonwealth had voted “Yes”.

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Tasmania, the smallest colony, wanted to be sure that larger colonies would not have too much power in the Parliament, so they would not fall under complete control of NSW, VIC

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Western Australia was responsible for about 50% of Australia's iron ore exports during the time of federation, as well as being the second largest iron ore producer in the world. Federation with Australia removes tariffs and taxes while trading with the rest of Australia, increasing their wealth even further.

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Trade between states would be free of charge

More employment options around the country for all citizens

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New south wales receives a large amount of immigrants, federation can increase the efficiency and strength of defence forces who can help keep immigrant out

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Victorian protectionists had imposed a tariff of up to 450 per cent on South Australian wine, to compel all but the wealthiest of Melbourne’s wine-lovers to imbibe nothing but their own Colony’s product

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They were worried there land would be used to much as it was perfectly positioned to be a possible capital

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Tasmania (Reason they wanted to federate)

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Tasmania (Reason they wanted to federate)

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Because they were a different island, they were desperate not to be left out.

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Western Australia felt that Federation would disrupt economic security, as they would have to persevere if something went wrong in another state.

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Joining the rest of Australia makes Western Australia yet another state cutting a lot of its ties with England.

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The federation made the whole of the Australia nation more secure

Made banking laws and taxes equal

Laws would be enforced in all states

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Western Australia's coast is incredibly large, far larger than all the other states. Becoming a federation would make defending the huge coast far more manageable in case of an attack.

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Sugar cane plantation owners saw opportunities to sell their products without intercolonial tariffs (tax) with the southern colonies

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South Australia Con: They felt as though they would not be able to defend themselves against the power of the other states

which were larger than them

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Western Australia was a wealthy and large state and so did not want to be financially responsible for other smaller states.

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Victoria would lose money after defusing it among the nation

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Western Australia is a very large state, with the capital, Perth, many thousands of km away from all other capital cities. Federation for W.A promised a railway system connecting Perth to all other states.