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A picture of Linda Brown and Terry Lynn sitting on a fence outside of their racially segregated elementary school in Topeka, Kansas.

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Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, KS 1954

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Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, KS 1954

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Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas in 1954 declared school segregation as unconstitutional, saying "separate is not equal." Though the intentions of this case were found in the basis of race, its impact reached far from racism. This case opened the doors for students with disabilities to be interrogated into the public school setting with their peers.

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Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965

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Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965

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The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) of 1956 mandated funding to support professional development, instructional materials and resources, and the promotion of parent involvement. The government reauthorizes this act every 5 years to continue providing financial support and accountability for high standards. One program that came from this act is Title 1, which is a program to distribute funds to schools with a high percentage of students from low-income families. This program was designed to close the skill gap in reading, writing, and math (***,***).

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Signing of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, 4/11/65.

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Mills v. The Board of Education audio recording of the description below.

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Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia 1971

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Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia 1971

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Mills. v. the Board of Education of District of Columbia in 1971 fought for students that had been denied placement in a public educational program based on alleged mental, behavioral, physical or emotional disabilities. The outcome of this case ensures that all students are to have a free and appropriate public education consistent with their needs and abilities.

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Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act Fact Sheet from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 

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Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973

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Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973

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Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 protects qualified individuals with disabilities. Students can receive a 504 plan with accommodations and supports during the school day. Individuals are also protected with employers and organizations that receive federal funding.

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Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975

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Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975

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The Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 revolutionized the education of children with disabilities and provided the framework for special education. In 2004, the law was renamed the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), providing all students qualifying for special education services with an individualized education plan (IEP). The IEP outlines strengths and weaknesses, determines measurable goals, and provides services and accommodations. IDEA also gave students the right to an education in their least restrictive environment (LRE). IDEA defines disabilities and the services and accommodations that are to be provided to students (***,***).

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Tech Act of 1988 audio recording of the description below.

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The tech act of 1988 was signed into law to  provide funding for states to develop information and training to meet the needs of assistive technology users. The Assistive Technology Act of 2004 was signed into law by President Bush, ensuring the continuance of funding for assistive technology. The reauthorization’s purpose was to provide assistive technology to persons with disabilities so that they are more equipped to participate in education, employment, and recreation with their able bodied peers.

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Tech Act of 1988 audio recording of the description below.

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A picture of George H.W. Bush signing the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 into law outside on the White House grounds.

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The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 prevents discrimination of people with disabilities in schools, the work place, and public transportation and accommodations. This law also gave people with disabilities access to programs and services provided by local and state governments.

Since its initial signing into law, the Americans with Disabilities Act has been amended to expand definitions of disabilities, broaden major life activities, manage community integration, and more (***,***).

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Youtube video explaining and summarizing the No Child Left Behind Act.

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The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 was designed to provide properly trained teachers, close achievement gaps, and ensure all students reach proficiency. To achieve these goals, the act held schools accountable for annual yearly progress through standardized assessments in reading and math.

In 2010, Barack Obama signed the Every Student Succeeds Act into law, replacing the No Child Left Behind Act. This law gave more flexibility to states and communication to parents and community stakeholders. Overall, this law empowered parents with transparency in who and what goes into educating their students.

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No Child Left Behind: Explained & Summarized

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A picture of Rosa standing in front of a brick wall with a chalk writing that reads "YOU ARE BEAUTIFUL."

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Rosa's law replaced "mental retardation" with people first language "individual with an intellectual disability" in federal health, education, and labor policies. This law served as accountability for people with disabilities to be treated with respect, value, and dignity in the language that they are spoken to and about. Barack Obama signed Rosa's law on October 11, 2010 making claim to the inappropriate and hurtful usage of the term "retard" and ending its usage under federal law.