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Eukaryote

An organism consisting of a cell or cells in which the genetic material is DNA in the form of chromosomes contained within a distinct nucleus.
Ex: A dog

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Prokaryote

A microscopic single-celled organism that has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles.
Ex: Bacteria

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Taxonomy

The branch of science concerned with classification, especially of organisms; systematics.

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Animalia

The taxonomic kingdom comprising all living or extinct animals.
Ex: Mammals

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Plantae

The taxonomic kingdom comprising all living or extinct plants.
Ex: Conifers

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Fungi

A kingdom of usually multicellular eukaryotic organisms that are heterotrophs and have important roles in nutrient cycling in an ecosystem.
Ex: Mushrooms

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Protista

A kingdom consisting of unicellular or simple multicellular organisms that possess nuclei.
Ex: Marimo

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Bacteria

Microscopic living organisms, usually unicellular, that can be found everywhere. They can be dangerous, such as when they cause infection, or beneficial, as in the process of fermentation and decomposition.
Ex: Coccus

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Archaea

Any of a group of microganisms that resemble bacteria but are different from them in their genetic makeup and certain aspects of their cell structure, such as the composition of their cell walls.
Ex: Methanobrevibacter smithii

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Heterotroph

An organism that cannot make its own food, such as animals.

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Autotroph

An organism that makes its on food, such as plants.

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Unicellular

An organism made of only one cell

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Multicellular

An organism made of many cells

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Function

Pertains to what an object does or to what it is used for in an organism.

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Structure

An arrangement or organization of parts to form an organ, system, or living thing.

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Cytoplasm

The thick fluid region of a cell located inside the cell membrane (in prokaryotes) or between the cell membrane and the nucleus (in eukaryotes).
Ex: Cytoplasm for the cell is like glue for us. It keeps organelles in place.

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Vacuole

A sac-like organelle that stores water, food, and other materials.
Ex: A vacuole in the cell is like a water bottle for us.

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Cell membrane

A thin, flexible barrier that surrounds and controls which substances pass in and out of a cell.
Ex: A cell membrane in a cell is like a gate for us. It lets in what we want, and keeps out the other things.

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Cell wall

A rigid supporting layer that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms.
Ex: A cell wall in a cell is like a cast for us. It protects our body part.

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Mitochondria

Rod shaped organelles that convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions (ATP).
Ex: A mitochondria for the cell is like a generator for us. It provides energy for us.

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Chloroplast

An organelle in the cells of plants and some other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and changes it to an energy form that cells can use in food making.
Ex: A chloroplast for the cell is like a chef for us. They make us food.

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Nucleus

In cells, this is a large organelle that contains the cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA and controls many of the cell’s activities.
Ex: A nucleus for a cell is like a parent for children. They tell them what to do.

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Organelle

A tiny cell that carries out a specific function within the cell.

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Cell

The basic unit of structure and function in living things.