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Cartilage is a firm, rubbery tissue that cushions bones at joints. The kind of cartilage that is flexible makes up other parts of the body, such as the larynx and the outside parts of the ears. Its main function is to connect bones together

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Tendons are the soft tissue by which muscle attaches to bone. They are somewhat flexible, but tough. Then, when a tendon becomes inflamed, the condition is referred to as tendonitis.

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Joints are the area where two bones are attached for the purpose of permitting body parts to move. Joints are usually formed by fibrous connective tissue and cartilage. They are grouped according to to their type of motion.

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The yellow bone marrow serves primarily as a storehouse for fats but may be converted to red marrow under certain conditions. Yellow bone marrow fills other cancellous, or spongy, bones and the central cavities of the long bones. Basically the yellow bone marrow may end up replacing red bone marrow.

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In humans, the red bone marrow forms all of the blood cells with the exception of lymphocytes. The red bone marrow also contributes, along with the liver and spleen, to the destruction of old red blood cells. It can be gradually replaced by fat tissue, which in adults is found in only in the vertebrae, hips, breastbone, ribs, and skull and at the ends of the long bones of the arm and leg.

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The spongy bone is a light, porous bone enclosing numerous large spaces that give a honeycombed or spongy appearance and it is most commonly known as the cancellous bone. The cancellous bone makes up about 20 percent of the human skeleton which provides structural support and flexibility without the weight of compact bone. It also makes up much of the enlarged ends of the long bones and is the major component of the ribs, the shoulder blades, the flat bones of the skull, and a variety of short, flat bones elsewhere in the skeleton.

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The compact bone is a dense bone in which the bony matrix is solidly filled with organic ground substance and inorganic salts which leaves only tiny spaces that contain the osteocytes, or bone cells. The compact bone makes up 80 percent of the human skeleton. It also forms a shell around cancellous bone and is the primary component of the long bones of the arm and leg and other bones, where its greater strength and rigidity are needed.

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The periosteum is a membranous tissue that covers the surface of your bones. It does not cover areas that are surrounded by cartilage and where tendons and ligaments attach to bone. It is also made up of two distinct layers and is very important for both repairing and growing bones.

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The carpals articulate proximally with the long bones of the forearm and distally with the five metacarpal bones that make up the palm. There are eight carpals and they're arranged two rows. The bones of the proximal row of carpals are called the radial, intermediate, ulnar, and accessory bone. Then those that are in the distal row are termed the first, second, third, and fourth carpal bones.

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Metacarpals are long bones within the hand that are connected to the carpals, or wrist bones, and to the phalanges, or finger bones. The tops of the metacarpals form the knuckles where they join to the wrist and on the palm side they are covered with connective tissue. The five metacarpals are the thumb metacarpal, index metacarpal, middle metacarpal, ring metacarpal, and small metacarpal.

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The fibula is the smaller of the two bones in the lower leg. The end of it forms the bony prominence of the outer ankle. The fibula is also between the knee and the ankles in humans and it's parallel with the tibia.

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The clavicle which is also known as the collarbone is one of the bones that meet at the shoulder. It's long, thin, and located at the base of the neck. One of the main functions of the clavicle is to hold the arms freely and supported, away from the trunk.

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The patella is a thick, circular-triangular bone which articulates with the femur and covers and protects the anterior articular surface of the knee joint, and it is also commonly known as the kneecap. It plays a vital role in how the knee bends and to most motions that require movement of the leg. The patella rests between the femur and tibia.

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A vertebrae is one of the 33 bony segments that form the spinal column of humans. There are 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 4 coccygeal. All of these different vertebraes together form our spinal column

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The scapula connects the humerus bone of the arm to the collarbone and it is commonly referred to as the shoulder blade. The three muscles that are responsible for enabling the movement of the scapula are the trapezius, the levator muscle, and the rhomboideus. The scapula is also able to raise up and move backwards because of these muscles.

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The rib is one of the 12 paired arches of bone that form the skeletal structure of the chest wall. The rib cage they form are part of the axial skeleton. The ribs surround the chest which enables the lungs to expand and thus facilitate breathing by expanding the chest cavity.

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The sternum is the long flat bone in the upper middle of the front of the chest. It articulates with the cartilages of the first seven ribs and with the clavicle on either side. It also consists of three parts which are the manubrium, the corpus, and the xiphoid process, and these sections of the sternum arise as separate bones and they may fuse partially or completely with one another.

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The femur is the only bone located within the human thigh. It is both the longest and the strongest bone in the human body and it extends from the hip to the knee. An interesting fact about the femur is that it can resist forces of 1,800 and 2,500 pounds, so it is not easily fractured.

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The humerus is the long bone of the upper bone and it's attached to several other bones. At the elbow, it helps to form the elbow joint and at the shoulder joint, the top of the humerus is the ball part of the joint. It also connects to the clavicle and the scapula.

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The radius is the thicker and shorter of the two bones of the two bones in the human forearm. It primarily junctions with the carpal bones of the hand at the wrist joint. The radius is also the home for a few muscles' insertion points, such as the biceps originating near the shoulder joint and inserting into the radial tuberosity on the upper part of the radius, near the elbow joint.

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The ulna is the thinner and longer of the two bones in the human forearm, on the side opposite to the thumb. It also joins the with the humerus on its larger end to make the elbow joint, and joins with the carpal bones of the hand at its smaller end. When the ulna joins together with the radius it enables the wrist joint to rotate.

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The bones of the cranium include the frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones. The cranium (skull) consists of twenty-two bones. Eight of these bones are cranial bones and the rest are facial skeleton bones.

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Osteoblast is a cell that secretes the matrix for bone formation. They produce and secrete matrix proteins and transport into the matrix, and osteoclasts who break down the tissue. Osteoblasts can be found in the growing portions of bone which include the periosteum and endosteum

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Osteoclast is a large multinucleate bone cell that absorbs bone tissue during growth and healing. Osteoclasts are produced and secreted by osteoblasts. Osteoclasts also make and secrete digestive enzymes that break up or dissolve the bone tissue.

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Calcium and how it relates to the skeletal system

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Calcium and how it relates to the skeletal system

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Regulating the levels of calcium and phosphorus in the blood helps maintain a healthy skeletal system. Low calcium intake may be a risk factor in the development of osteoporosis. Then, if too much calcium leaches from the bones, the skeletal system will become brittle and weak. Therefore, consuming adequate calcium early in life is imperative for bone health later in life.

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Phalanges are the bones of the fingers and toes. There are three phalanges which are the distal, middle, and proximal. Phalanx is the singular of phalanges.

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Metatarsals are part of the bones of the mid-foot and are tubular in shape. These are found between the phalanges of the toes and tarsal bones. Metatarsals are convex in shape, are long bones, and give the foot its arch. They also work with connective tissues, ligaments and tendons, to provide movement in the foot.

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The tarsal is a bone of the tarsus. The tarsal bone is relating to, or situated near the tarsus of the foot. There are also 7 tarsal bones named the calcaneus, talus, cuboid, navicular, and the medial, middle, and lateral cuneiforms.

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The pelvis is a basin-shaped structure in the skeleton of many vertebrates that are formed by the pelvic girdle and adjoin bones of the spine. The pelvis bone differs in both the female and male anatomy.

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Mandible is the jaw or a jawbone, especially the lower jawbone in mammals and fishes. It can either be the upper and lower parts of a bird's beak. It can also be either half of the crushing organ in an arthropod's mouthparts.