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Types of food packaging: New design for Kuih Pelita Packaging!

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Types of food packaging: New design for Kuih Pelita Packaging!

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Try and find any food food packaging materials (primary, secondary, tertiary) in your house, rent house or college. Snap photo (you selfie with the package)
1. explain the function of the selected package
2. explain the expected testing/evaluation of the package

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Husna Sofea Salim (198638)
Primary Packaging (Non-food Product: Body Cream)
1. Function: Suitable for direct/closely protection of the product, also known as consumer packaging.

2. Testing/Evaluation: For batch production, Stability protection of the product for longer usage

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1.The function of the package is to store water inside and prevent any cross contamination. The bottle is made from polyethylene terephthalate, the label is made from  biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP film) and the cap is usually made from polypropylene

2. The expected testing for this package would be to check for any leakage and compression test to test the durability of the bottle

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Water bottle, primary packaging material

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1. The function of the water bottle is to store the mineral water. It is made from plastic, the body of the bottle is polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and the lid/cap from High Density Poly Ethylene (HDPE).
2. The expected testing of the package is pressure drop test to see either the bottle can withstand the pressure, heat and chemical test to see either the bottle is safe when it is exposed to heat.

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This is a plastic bottle made from PET plastic which is 100% recyclable.

1. The function of this plastic bottle is to store the liquid which is the mineral water and to prevent contamination upon consumption.

2. The expected testing/evaluation for this type of packaging is pressure/compression test to see if it can withstand pressure when force is being applied.

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1. To protect the chocolate content and easier handling of transportation from vendor to supplier
2. Testing: Water resistant

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Hi Dr, our name are Nur Aini Sofia (198442) and Nur Aini Rushadah (198558). The function of the secondary packaging is to protect the food such as cupcake and cake from exposed to the environment. The type of the packaging is cardboard box. The testing that is possible for this packaging is compression/impact/puncture test to know the strength of the material.

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1. The function of the packaging is to prevent quality loss of the food such as the crunchiness. If there is no packaging, the food will become soft because it is in contact with air in environment.

2. The mechanical testing such as tensile strength and elongation at break. It is to know whether the packaging can withstand the food load or not. Usually people will only hold the top of the packaging, so if the packaging does not have high tensile strength, it will deform easily with the food load.

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1. The function of the plastic bottle is to preserve the quality of water and prevent it from any contamination.
2. The expected texting of the package is strength test which includes tensile test and compression test. Besides that, the expected testing is leakage test.

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MISTER POTATO PACKAGING

1. Made up of composite can or rigid paper or paperboard containers that help to prevent delicate foods like chips to crush and also helps in preserving the quality of the food. Primarily, the freshness of the products can be kept longer with resealable lids. It is constructed with multiple layers to increase protection and the first layer of composite packaging is the can body ply which is made of recycled paper. Next, comes a variety of internal liner structures for barrier protection.

2. to test the air leaking of the packaging to prevent the chips from sluggish.

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Tin food packaging (primary)
1. To protect the finished good from crumble and exposed to air (nanti jadi lemau)

2. Expected testing ( hardness of the packaging so the finished good will not broke). (Air tight of the container so that the finished good will always crunchy)

Muhammad Ammar Zainal
199892

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Nur Diana Arisya (198801)

Material: LDPE (Primary packaging)

Function: Product protection, preservation of its shelf life and nutrition labelling.

Expected testing/evaluation: Tensile strength, Young modulus, Elongation at break, Water vapour permeability.

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Plastic packaging for the KOPIKO sweets is to secure the sweets from contamination and easy for transportation.
The expected testing and evaluation of the package is mechanical testing in order to observe the tensile strength and elongation at break. Other than that, physical testing for the colour to identify its colour and opacity.

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Mohd Ikram (199285)

1- the function of plastic package is to pack the instant rice vermicelli (Bihun PAMA) and to prevent from cross contamination occur.

2- the testing expected of packaging material is compression testing in order to determine the compression strength and elongation break. Another testing are leak proof test, hydrostatic pressure/vacuum test.

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Ezyan Nazeefa (199159)
aluminium foil
1. The function of the packaging is to maintain the quality of chocolate in high temperature. Other than that, it also to protect the chocolate from contamination.
2. The expected testing is seal performance test

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Muhamad Farhan bin Fisal (198998)
Product: Super White Coffee (3 in 1 ) (Powder)

Primary- Sachet (PET/PE/ALU/SPE)
Secondary- Bag

1 - Function of primary packaging is to protect and preserve the finished product
- Secondary packaging is used to protect the physical primary packaging and to prevent leakage.

2- Testing/Evaluation
- Leaking test
- Tearing Test
- Mechanical test (Elongation At Break, Tensile strength, Young modulus)

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Vitamin C Effervescent Powder in Aluminium Foil

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Vitamin C Effervescent Powder in Aluminium Foil

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Leow Jing Yee 197452
1. Function of the packaging is to prevent the product contact with any moisture, air and contamination.
2. The type of testing might be punture test and heat seal integrity.

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Wan Nur Syafiza Binti Wan Zulkifli (198850)

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Wan Nur Syafiza Binti Wan Zulkifli (198850)

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Secondary packaging (sore throat lozenges)
Function : For branding and marketing the product.
Testing : Compression testing of packaging materials is done to determine the compression strength of materials.

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DINIE NAJIHAH (198599)
NURUL JANNAH (198968)
AMIRAH IZZATI (197283)
1. the function of the packaging is to protect the creamer from contamination and to preserve the creamer
2. the expected testing for this packaging is drop test. the test is possible to check dented can.

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This is how the inside of the box looks like. It is usually used to protect the food product. However, in this picture, I used to store my material for FYP project.

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Packaging material: Primary, aseptic packaging
Function: To protect the tea bag from exposing to air before consuming, leading to quality decreasing
The testing of the package: Tested in water bath to see any bubble coming out from the packaging due to defects on the packaging

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Chocolate wafer wrapped with aluminum foil (direct contact with the chocolate) and outer layer with decorative paper sleeve or PET films, serves as primary packaging.

Function: Aluminum foil to preserve the chocolate coating from melting easily.

Expected testing: Puncture strength testing to determine the strength of packaging material.

Nurul Afiqah Binti Atan (195990)

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Product : Cough syrup
Packaging : Primary (PET bottle)

1. Function: PET bottle mostly used for food & drink packaging for preventing oxidation (dark colour) & spoiling of cough syrup.

2. Evaluation: Tensile & compression test to test for the strength of bottle . Also permeation test to maintain product quality and shelf life.

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1. Function: Plastic bag users for containing and transporting good for example food, powder and many more
2. Expected testing : Leak tester testing to determine the quality of the sealing process, whether the seals made by heat sealer are not leaky.

Nor Zafirah (196386)

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Nurul Naimah (196801)
Wet tissue packaging (Non-food product)

Material: Made from multiple layers of polyethylene (PE)

Function: To keep the wet tissue and to ensure its closure are both air-tight and reusable

Expected testing: Water and air resistant

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Hamizah(198011) & Adliah(196194)
Primary packaging (Supplement containers)
1.  The packaging is Polypropylene. The function is to protects the formulation from environmental influences, helps in smooth distribution and evacuation of the product, and aids in delivering marketing information to the end-users.

2.  Testing: Punctures test, burn test, Physical and mechanical testing of polymers, water resistant test

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Microwavable plastic container
Primary packaging
Function: To keep the cake fresh and protect it from the environment. The type is Polypropylene (PP).
Test: The possible testing for the packaging is  test for temperature tolerance since it is claimed microwaveable and also strength test.

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Hi my name is Adlin Najihah Bt Azhar (196364).

1.       The function of the glass bottle to store the honey in order to keep the honey longer and protects honey from moisture while honey doesn’t lose water content in it.

2.       The testing evaluation that is possible for this packaging is Crushed-glass test. This test can be used for determining the nature of a glass or for distinguish between two types of glasses, such as neutral or surface.

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Siti norazira 198122
Primary food packaging

1. Function - maintaining the product’s quality, taste, and flavors for every use, even after multiple openings and closings.

2. Testing- leak testing, check imperfection or manufacturing defect such as a hole, crack or weak seal.

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Name: aqilah azahari (198406)
Material: glass- body (primary packaging)
Steel- lid
Function: to store and preserve the strawberry jam.
Expected testing: barrier protection such as o2

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Material : Aluminium blister foil
Function : To store tablets and prevent cross-contamination.
Expected testing : Barrier propety testing, Water vapour permeability and leakage.

Nur Dayana bt Md Shahbudin 198491

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Primary packaging. The type of packaging consist of paper, LDPE, aluminium foil and plastic

The function of packaging is to hold the milk and prevent the milk from spoiled by light, odor and other contaminants.

Tensile test might be the test to evaluate the strength of adhesiveness at sealing part of packaging

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NUR SYAZWANI BT MOHD SAUFI (198734)

1. To protect the sweets from contamination in order to be consume by consumers safely.
2. Expected testing - mechanical testing due to investigate the tensile strength.

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Nur Farah ‘Aini binti Salebi   198226

1.       Primary packaging. It is blister packaging which made up of plastic film and aluminium foil. It is an individual of package doses of the medicine. Individual packaging helps maintain the quality of the contents through containment in separate pockets.

2.       The packaging testing includes peal test, seal strength test, push-out test.

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Cosmetic product in glass/ceramic packaging

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Cosmetic product in glass/ceramic packaging

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1. Function of the (ceramic/glass) material used as primary packaging of cosmetic product -   protection of the contents of the pack, act as an adequate barrier against water vapor, UV light, oxygen and CO2 .

2. The testing evaluation that is possible for this packaging is crushed-glass test for protection from transportation hazards to prevent damage to the contents

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Product: lotus biscoff spread
Packaging: glass bottle with plastic lid

1. The function of the packaging is to preserve the quality of the food for a long time.

2. The expected testing/ evaluation: compression test to obtain the strength of the materials and crushed glass test.

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1. Primary packaging (LDPE)
Function: to avoid the bread contact with moisture and contamination  and to extend shelf life.

2. Expected testing: Water permeability and tensile strength test, sealing

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1. The type of packaging used consist of plastic to hold whole-grain cereal and the paperbox containing the pouch of cereal.
2. The function of packaging is to protect the cereal against contamination.
3. Expected testing: Tensile test to examine the strength of adhesiveness at the sealing part
Fazleen Syahira (198210)

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Try and find any food packaging containing food. Snap photo of the food and package.
1. Explain the type of food material (solid, semi-solid, liquid) and the food properties (viscosity, hardness, etc.)
2. Explain the type of primary package that been used to pack the selected food.

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Wong Hoong Ling 196803
Type of food material: Biscuit with seaweed( Ricecrackers)
Ingredients: Rice, modified tapioca starch, sugar, rice bran oil, lactose, soy sauce, seaweed strip, salt, seasoning

Properties: Brittleness, Hardness

Primary packaging: Plastic from Biaxially Oriented Polypropylene

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1. Bun is a solid material and contains cream which is a semi-solid material. Bun has a soft texture which ease the consumer to chew the bun and enjoy the product.
2. The primary packaging material used for Gardenia bread is low density polyethylene plastic (LDPE). Low-density polyethylene offers adequate strength, gas permeability, moisture resistance and low temperature characteristics to satisfy normal packaging needs.

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1. Semi-solid, highly viscous, hardness: chewy/chewable.
2. Polypropylene Plastic

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This candy is solid and the properties of this candy is a hard,small and rounded. Therefore, plastic packaging is suitable as it can flexible in size and can maintain the shape of candy.

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1. Type of food: Liquid
-Texture: Concentrated (thicker consistency)
- Flavor: Grape flavored that can also delivered an overwhelming punch of sourness, while also being very sweet
- pH: 1.7~3.7
- Solubility: Water Soluble

2. Primary packaging
- Bottle with an easy grip design and sealed with purple foil
-Types of packaging: food grade polystyrene plastic that does not contain polycarbonate or epoxy resins

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Saiedatul Nurrsyabreena (196811)

1. The type of food material is solid (sponge cake) but the chocolate cream filling inside the twiggies is in semi-solid form. The food properties that can be tested are softness and chewiness.

2. The primary packaging used is low-density polyethylene plastic (LDPE). LDPE plastic is widely used in food packaging industry due to its moisture resistant ability, offers a good strength that can withstand wear and tear during transportation.

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1.
a. Type of food material: solid (hard coffee candy)

b. food properties:
-hardness
-consistency
-melt-in-mouth behavior

2. Primary package: flexible aluminum- to avoid any contamination to the candy and for easy storage.

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Nur Aini Sofia Binti Hashim Tee (198442)
1. Type of food material: Solid and porous (Keropok kering sira)
Properties: Crispness, colour
2. The primary packaging used to pack this food product is low density polyethylene (LDPE) where the packaging is transparent and have high flexibility

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1. solid type of food.
- shape (round)
- crispiness
-low moisture content
-hardness and fracturability depends on the food to give a sensational crispiness when consumer consume the food

2. Tin primary packaging
- to ensure the food product is not exposed toward the air that will increase the water content of food product, hence the biscuit/crackers will be "LEMAU".

Ammar Zainal
199892

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1. Type: Semi-solid
The food exhibit very high viscosity with creamy texture for spread
2. Glass jar is used as the primary packaging which offers high strength, moisture and temperature resistance.

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Wong Hoong Ling 196803
Type of food material: Biscuit with seaweed( Ricecrackers)
Ingredients: Rice, modified tapioca starch, sugar, rice bran oil, lactose, soy sauce, seaweed strip, salt, seasoning

Properties: Brittleness, Hardness

Primary packaging: Plastic from Biaxially Oriented Polypropylene

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Food properties of bun is chewy and contains a viscoelastic cream.

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Chewy candy
1. Type of food material: solid

2. Food properties: chewiness, brix (colour)

3. Primary packaging: white backing paper - to make it easier to fold without tearing easily

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1. Type of food material: Semi-solid (Milk chocolate,wafer shell, hazelnut)
2. Primary packaging: Gold plated flexible aluminium foil

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This is baked crisps sour cream & onion flavour. The type of food material is solid. The food properties that can be test on the food material is the break strength since the consumer acceptance towards baked crisps is the crispiness. Also, we do not want the baked crisps to be easily break when it is being transported or handled. The type of packaging materials are foil in the inside and 100% recycable outer packaging that is made from recycled paper fibre.

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Amirah Izzati (197283)
1. fruit loops cereal is a solid material. the food properties that can be tested are crispiness and fracturability.
2. the primary packaging material for fruit loop cereal is aluminum. aluminum can provide protection against light and moisture.

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1. The potato chips is solid and the important properties that must be taken care is the crispiness and brittleness.
2. Type of the primary packaging is multilayer polymer materials:
Inside: Biaxially oriented Polypropylene (BOPP)
Middle: Low density polyethene (LDPE) and BOPP
Outer : Thermoplastic resin

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Ezyan Nazeefa 199159
1) The type of the food materials of the potato crips is solid. The properties of potato crips is moisture and oil content, texture and colour, crispiness.
2) Composite can, also known as rigid paper or paperboard containers help prevent delicate foods like chips to crush. This packaging also helps in preserving the quality of your favourite snack. Primarily, the freshness of the products can be kept longer with resealable lids.

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Type of food material:
-white choc: semi solid
-cookies: solid

Food properties:
-surface, texture

Primary packaging:
Thin aluminium foil (direct contact with food)
Pet film (for wrap the whole bar- design packaging)

Name:aqilah azahari(198406)

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Wan Nur Syafiza Binti Wan Zulkifli (198850)

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Wan Nur Syafiza Binti Wan Zulkifli (198850)

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Ice cream cone is a solid food. Properties of the food that can be tested is brittleness.
Primary packaging: Plastic that is durable to withstand pressure that damage the ice cream cone

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The type of food material : Liquid

Food properties : the pH, °Brix, color (L, a, b, ΔE),  and antioxidant activity.

Packaging material : Aseptic packaging consists of

1. Polyethylene - protects against outside moisture and enables the paperboard to stick to the aluminium foil.

2. Aluminium foil - ​protects against oxygen and light to maintain the nutritional value and flavours of the food in the package at ambient temperatures.

3. Paperboard - provides smoothness to the printing surface.

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1. Chocolate cream wafer (solid material) containing wafer and layer of chocolate cream between the wafer
Wafer is a brittle material and give crunchiness texture.
2. Primary packaging material is flexible packaging layered with aluminium foil (inner) and outer layer is by  LDPE plastic, a protective film, lightweight plastic, makes it more impact resistant, and helps protect food inside the packaging.

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Coffee Powder
Type of food material : Solid

Food properties:
- moisture content
- Powder size

Primary packaging : flexible plastic
- to block outside air flow inside the packaging and increase the moisture content in the packaging thus making the coffee powder spoil and become clumpy

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1. Chocolate - Semi Solid
Nut - Solid
Chocolate Chip - Semi Solid
Sponge cake - Semi solid

Food properties: Dryness, softness, moisture content, melting point for chocolate, texture

2. Primary Packaging - Foil and Plastic (LDPE) for the lid

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The bun is a solid material and the cream is semi solid material. The texture of the bun is moist and has a crumb texture.

The packaging of the gardenia squiggles bun is low density polyethylene (LDPE) which secures the bun from any cross contamination and retains the quality of the bun as there's no moisture affecting the bun. Besides that, paperboard is used to hold the bun in position to ensure that the cream on top of the bun is not smudged.

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Siti norazira 198122
Nescafe latte caramel
1. Coffee is solid and important properties is moisture
2. Primary packaging- biodegradable, flexible, lightweight and water-resistant.

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Anasyazwan (198356)
1. Type of food material: Solid
- hardness
- crunchiness
- brittleness
2. Type of packaging: Polyester film(PET)

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Mohd Ikram (199285)

Type of food: bun (solid type)

Food properties: after baking, the bun usually present some pleasant characteristics such as a brownish, a soft texture and semi solid for chocolate cream inside the bun.

Packaging: one layer and flexible primary packaging that direct contact with the bun, typically consists of a low density polyethlene (LDPE), oriented polypropylene (OPP) or polyethylene terephthalate (PET)

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Nur Dayana (198491) & Nurul Iffa Fadzreen (196542)

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1.       Chilli sauce is soft solid food that has pH not exceed 4.5 (acidic), low viscosity, weak gel-like characteristic with strong shear thinning behaviour and low total soluble solids 5.8-7.0 °.

2.       The packaging is aluminium which are water-resistant, lightweight, impermeable that acts as barrier function against air, light and microorganisms, and flexible where aluminium can be moulded in an infinite number of shapes. All these characteristics can help to protect the food for the duration of its shelf life without the risk of becoming bad.

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1. Type of food material: Liquid
Properties: Viscosity, pH
2. Type of primary packaging: Plastic bottle (polystyrene plastic) and foil lid

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1. The type of food material for the chocolate is semi-solid. The food properties is the pH, Brix, viscosity and color.
2. The type of primary package is polypropylene plastic.

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1. type of food: Solid
food properties: crispiness

2. cereals are currently packaged using plastics, such as polyethylene.

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Dinie Najihah (198599)

Type of food material: Semi-solid

The food properties: Melting point, spreadability, oil separation

Primary packaging: Polypropylene for margarine tub and aluminum foil for the seal on top of tub.

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1. Milo powder is a solid material and it contains various powder such as cocoa, milk powder, sugar, malt barley and so on.
Food properties : moisture content

2. The type of primary packaging used for milo powder is plastic packaging since it is flexible and water resistant to ensure the quality and safety of powder

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Nurul Jannah Binti Mohd Shukeri (198968)

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Nurul Jannah Binti Mohd Shukeri (198968)

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The type of food material : Semi Solid

Food properties : Viscosity, texture, colour and sensory
Packaging material: The packaging material is plastic container.

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Chocolate cream wafer (solid material) containing wafer and layer of chocolate cream between the wafer is semi solid. The texture of Wafer is a brittle and crunchy

The type of primary packaging material is LDPE plastic (outer layer) with a layered of aluminium foil (inner) which act as a protective film, provide a good strength that can withstand the pressure and makes it more impact to resistant during transportation.

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Farah Aini (198226)

-          Type of food material:

liquid (sauce)

-          Properties of the sauce:

consistency, color, viscoelastics

-          Type of primary packaging:

Clear glass bottle which is the glass helps to protect the inside content from air, moisture, and other liquids and also offer a longer shelf life.

The lid is made up of aluminium important for air tight and leak-proof.

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Food properties: moisture content, texture, brittleness, hardness
Packaging material and type:
-Primary packaging
-The packaging is consist of protective flim at the outer layer and aluminium foil at the inside layer.
The purpose of both layer is to give extra protection to the food inside and prevent from moisture that can destroy the structure/texture of foods

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1. Type of food material : Liquid

2. Food properties : concentrated (thickness), color, pH

3. Packaging material: Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) - The advantages of this packaging are it is clear, strong, lightweight plastic and environmental friendly

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Nor Adliah (196194)

Type of food materials: Solid

Food properties: Hardness, crunchiness

Type of primary packaging: High density polyethylene film

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Type of food material: Semi solid. The texture of mochi is chewy, smooth and elastic.
Food properties: Water content, crispness, softness, smoothness, stickiness, hardness and viscosity .
Primary packaging: PET (also abbreviated PETE) is short for polyethylene terephthalate, the chemical name for polyester.  It is resistant to be attacked from microorganisms making it a stable and risk-free material.

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Types of testing/evaluation of plastic (GROUP ACTIVITY)

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Types of testing/evaluation of plastic (GROUP ACTIVITY)

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Find plastic packaging in your house, rent house or college.
1. Snap some photos (plastic packaging)
2.Write a brief information on the types of plastic that you found
3. List down the expected testing/evaluation of the plastics and why it is important to do that testing.

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Hand sanitizer
- polypropylene (body) :the plastic can handle hazardous material found in sanitizer
- polyethylene ( flip top cap) : the plastic can be recycled, and able to give the caps different types of shapes
- thermoplastic

-Test:
Melting temperature
Tensile strength
Compression test
Water absorption

Important:
-the product will be safe during transportation and storage
- to ensure the material is suitable for storing the sanitizer

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Screen Cleaner Plastic Bottle

- HDPE
High-Density Poly Ethylene (HDPE) is a thermoplastic polymer made from petroleum. The benefits of HDPE are easily meltable and moldable, corrosion resistance, can be easily recycled and have large strength to density ratio. It is the perfect combination of strength, cost-efficiency and environmental friendliness. This type of packaging is engineered to be low maintenance, safe and long-lasting where its textured surface provides a grip to hold the material safely.

- Properties (Semi-rigid, Rigid)
this type of plastic is semi rigid plastic where it can be squeezed and go back to its original shape when pressure was released, but the cap of the bottle is rigid as it retains its shape if apply pressure.

- Testing
1) plastic compression testing- to determine the HDPE material’s behaviour under certain crushing loads.
2) physical/ mechanical test- to measure the tensile strength of HDPE.

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Farhan Aiman (196805)
Kua Xin Ping (197316)
Nur Dayana (198491)
Dinie Najihah (198599)
Nurul Naimah (196801)
Amirah Izzati (197283)

*Type of packaging*: Low density polyethylene (LDPE). It is flexible, soft, transparent, glossy, and features high resistances to moisture, tearing, and chemicals.

*Properties* : Soft plastics ( Low modulus of elasticity)

*Test*
1) Dart Impact Tester : To test the impact resistance of plastic films.

2) Vacuum leaker tester: To test the quality of sealing process and to make sure no leakage on the plastic pouches

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Find plastic packaging in your house, rent house or college.

1. Snap some photos (plastic packaging)

2.Write a brief information on the types of plastic that you found

- Multilayer flexible plastic packaging
- PET/PE/ALU
- The outer layer use is polyethylene terephthalate
- The intermediate layer use is polyethylene
The inner layer is aluminium foil

3. List down the expected testing/evaluation of the plastics and why it is important to do that testing.

1. Tensile test-To measure the force required to break the plastic sample

2. Thermal testing- To estimate the thermal stability of plastic film. It can be determined by obtain TG and DTG profile

3. Gloss detection teating- by glossmeter to measure the specular reflection (gloss) of the plastic packaging surface

4. Puncture resistance test- maximum force required to penetrate the packaging material.
-ADMET universal testing system

5. Thickness testing
- To measure the thickness of the packaging film usually by using thickness measuring instrument, often with a high precision LVDT gauging probe
- Producing a film of a thickness that does not follow the specification may result in the material not having optimum functionality and can affect the cost of production.

6. Colour testing - To measure the opacity of the film and the colour parameters. Can be measured using Haunter Lab Colorimeter.

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Types of plastic:
- Soft Plastic (polystyrene)
- Soft plastic is flexible above a specific temperature, and rigid or brittle below that temperature.

Expected testing/ evaluation:
- Tensile Test
- Plastic Thermal Test
- Drop Test
- Stacking Test

Why is it important:
(  Tensile Test  )
- The strength of the plastic bottle of Yakult  tested repeatedly to ensure that both the quality of the product and the specific number of probiotic bacteria (6.5 billion LcS) that are essential for the health benefit are maintained throughout the shelf life of forty days.

(Thermal Test )
- The bacteriocin produced by the Lactobacillus from yakult was found to be sensitive to heat treatment. The antibacterial activity was completely lost at extreme low and high temperature. Hence, the plastic need to test to make sure it can withstand the heat and prevent degradation of plastic.

( Drop Test)
- When the yakult package is filled, it is put through a drop test to see if it can withstand the pressure being dropped

(Stacking Test)
- The bottle will be stacked to see how many loads it can handle in stacking during transportation.

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Type of plastic: High density polyethylene (HDPE)
- Suitable for stiffness, strength, toughness, resistance to moisture, and permeability to gas.
-This packaging is a rigid plastic because it has a high modulus of elasticity. Therefore, if pressure is applied to the packaging, there is no deformation of the original shape.

Expected testing:
a) Compression test
Compression test is done to measure the maximum force that the material can sustain over a period of time.
b)  Dye penetration test
By using a dye to locate leaks in packages or to demonstrate that no leaks exist as the products need to ensure the scent is not leaked until it was used by the consumer
c) Drop test
conducted to ensure the packaging is strong enough to withstand the impact of falling to the ground that could occur during handling and transportation

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Hand sanitizer bottle
Type of plastic : Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)

-PET is high in durability and quality to barrier water, moisture and gases
-This packaging is semi rigid plastic
- Can be recycled or rinsed out and reused

Testing:
1.  Compression : determine the stackability of the packaging during processing, transport and storage
2. Torque : to determine the torque of bottle cap for product safety.
3. Wall thickness : to determine whether the bottle can withstand the alcohol content of the sanitizer

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Type: Feeding Bottles
Materials: Polypropylene (PP) (Thermoplastic)
Explaination: Polypropylene (PP) is a commodity polymer that has relatively good mechanical properties and low-cost. However, PP is also well-known for having low thermal stability or low heat distortion temperature.

Expected testing:
1. detect the presence of BPA baby bottles -(Plastic made with bisphenol A (BPA) produces trans-generational changes in genes and behaviour. It has been positively linked to obesity and thyroid dysfunction.)
2. Drop test - (for the durability of plastic)
3. Risk assessment on migration-related substances according to plastic regulation -(to avoid any residues contaminating with milk)
4. Flammability Test -(for the heat tolerance of plastic)
5. Thermal Stability Test use TGA (thermogravimetric analyzer) - to determine the thermal stability of a substance

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YouTube link:
https://youtu.be/-J2PRUF8jPQ
https://youtu.be/h8-PbMnl4Xg

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youtube link:
https://youtu.be/odSxP9oKKSY

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https://youtu.be/b1U9W4iNDiQ

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Youtube Link:

1. https://youtu.be/Tp2Rdx69SSo
2. https://youtu.be/qn16JtE_vLc

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Activity 4: Plastic Fabrication (Group Activity)

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Activity 4: Plastic Fabrication (Group Activity)

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1. Refer to the assigned plastic fabrication for each group
2. Find a Youtube link on the plastic fabrication
3. Explain briefly on the definition, process, materials used, example of products and the advantages and disadvantages.
Group 1: Compression Moulding
Group 2: Blowing
Group 3: Extrusion
Group 4 Casting
Group 5: Calendering
Group 6: Laminating
Group 7: Injection Moulding
Group 8: Thermoforming

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PLASTIC CASTING
https://youtu.be/WsMWQSzMGWo

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Youtube video:
https://youtu.be/1tlINQBdLPQ
https://youtu.be/LYfzl8eciG8

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Youtube link: https://youtu.be/lyve4mKZwVk

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Youtube video: https://youtu.be/8W6P5KU5ONQ