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The paramount problem facing Hamilton was a huge national debt. He proposed that the government assume the entire debt of the federal government and the states. His plan was to retire the old depreciated obligations by borrowing new money at a lower interest rate.

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The Judiciary Act of 1789, officially titled "An Act to Establish the Judicial Courts of the United States," was signed into law by President George Washington on September 24, 1789.

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The United States Bill of Rights comprises the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution

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a form of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land.

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Affair, occurred on May 22, 1856, in the United States Senate when Representative Preston Brooks (D-SC) used a walking cane to attack Senator Charles Sumner

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is one of the two major contemporary political parties of the United States. It is often referred to as the Grand Old Party or the GOP. The party's main counterpart is the Democratic Party

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or the Border War was a series of violent civil confrontations in the United States between 1854 and 1861 which emerged from a political and ideological debate over the legality of slavery in the proposed state of Kansas.

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was passed by the U.S. Congress on May 30, 1854. It allowed people in the territories of Kansas andNebraska to decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery within their borders.

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Life Among the Lowly, is an anti-slavery novel by American author Harriet Beecher Stowe. Published in 1852, the novel had a profound effect on attitudes toward African Americans and slavery in the U.S. and is said to have "helped lay the groundwork for the Civil War"

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was a network of secret routes and safe houses established in the United States during the early to mid-19th century, and used by African-American slaves to escape into free states

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was passed by the United States Congress on September 18, 1850, as part of the Compromise of 1850 between Southern slave-holding interests and Northern Free-Soilers.

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leader of the Democratic Party, and orator who espoused the cause of popular sovereignty in relation to the issue of slavery in the territories before the American Civil War (1861-1865).

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the Fugitive Slave Act was amended and the slave trade in Washington, D.C., was abolished.

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. was an American religious leader and founder of Mormonism and the Latter Day Saint movement. When he was 24, Smith published the Book of Mormon.

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was best known as an innovative revivalist during the period 1825–1835 in upstate New York and Manhattan,

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was a Protestant religious revival during the early 19th century in the United States.

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was an American suffragist, social activist, abolitionist, and leading figure of the early women's rights movement.

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was a U.S. Quaker, abolitionist, women's rights activist, and social reformer.

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It advertised itself as "a convention to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of woman".

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He is often credited with leading the Common School Movement, which helped to lay the framework for a publicly funded education system.

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was an author, teacher and reformer.

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is a social movement against the consumption of alcoholic beverages.

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was a period during American History when people with fundamental opinions began to build their own perfect communities or societies and they possessed highly suitable or perfect qualities.

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The Hudson River School was a mid-19th century American art movement embodied by a group of landscape painters whose aesthetic vision was influenced by Romanticism

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Transcendentalism is a philosophical movement that developed in the late 1820s and 1830s in the eastern United States

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was a French diplomat, political scientist and historian. He was best known for his works Democracy in America and The Old Regime and the Revolution.

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was the first major peacetime financial crisis in the United States. It was followed by a general collapse of the American economy that persisted through 1821.

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also known as the Transcontinental Treaty, the Florida Purchase Treaty, or the Florida Treaty, was a treaty between the United States and Spain in 1819 that ceded Florida to the U.S. and defined the boundary between the U.S. and New Spain.

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The Monroe Doctrine was a United States policy of opposing European colonialism in the Americas beginning in 1823. Wikipedia

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is a canal in New York, United States that is part of the east–west, cross-state route of the New York State Canal System. Originally, it ran 363 miles from where Albany meets the Hudson River to where Buffalo meets Lake Erie.

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is a city in the U.S. Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Located in Middlesex County, Lowell was a county seat until Massachusetts disbanded county government in 1999.

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was an American inventor best known for inventing the cotton gin. This was one of the key inventions of the Industrial Revolution and shaped the economy of the Antebellum South.

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was an American attorney and statesman who represented Kentucky in both the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives, served as 7th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives, and served as the 9th U.S. secretary of state.

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consisted of three mutually reinforcing parts: a tariff to protect and promote American industry; a national bank to foster commerce;

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which occurred in 19th century United States, is a historical model which argues that there was a drastic change of the economy that disoriented and coordinated all aspects of the market economy in line with both nations and the world.

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which took place from the 18th to 19th centuries, was a period during which predominantly agrarian, rural societies in Europe and America became industrial and urban.

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was an effort by Congress to defuse the sectional and political rivalries triggered by the request of Missouri late in 1819 for admission as a state in which slavery would be permitted.

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the impressive post-War of 1812 economic expansion ended.

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marked a period in the political history of the United States that reflected a sense of national purpose and a desire for unity among Americans in the aftermath of the War of 1812.

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Shays' Rebellion was an armed uprising in Massachusetts, mostly in and around Springfield during 1786 and 1787.

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The Connecticut Compromise was an agreement that large and small states reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 that in part defined the legislative structure and representation that each state would have under the United States Constitution.

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A constitutional convention is a gathering for the purpose of writing a new constitution or revising an existing constitution.

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Anti-Federalism was a late-18th century movement that opposed the creation of a stronger U.S. federal government and which later opposed the ratification of the 1787 Constitution

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a person who advocates or supports a system of government in which several states unite under a central authority.

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The Federalist is a collection of 85 articles and essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay under the pseudonym "Publius" to promote the ratification of the United States Constitution.

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The United States Bill of Rights comprises the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution.

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Common Sense was a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in 1775–76 advocating independence from Great Britain to people in the Thirteen Colonies.

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Shays' Rebellion was an armed uprising in Massachusetts, mostly in and around Springfield during 1786 and 1787.

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A law passed in 1787 to regulate the settlement of the Northwest Territory, which eventually was divided into several states of the Middle West.

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The Land Ordinance of 1785 was adopted by the United States Congress of the Confederation on May 20, 1785.

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the original constitution of the US, ratified in 1781, which was replaced by the US Constitution in 1789.

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"No taxation without representation" is a slogan originating during the 1700s that summarized a primary grievance of the American colonists in the Thirteen Colonies, which was one of the major causes of the American Revolution.

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the Evangelical Revival was a series of Christian revivals that swept Britain and its Thirteen Colonies between the 1730s and 1740s

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Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu, generally referred to as simply Montesquieu, was a French judge, man of letters, and political philosopher.

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John Locke FRS was an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "Father of Liberalism"

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an implicit agreement among the members of a society to cooperate for social benefits, for example by sacrificing some individual freedom for state protection.

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Locke believed that the most basic human law of nature is the preservation of mankind.

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The Age of Enlightenment was an intellectual and philosophical movement that dominated the world of ideas in Europe during the 18th century, the "Century of Philosophy".

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passed by the British Parliament to institute a permanent administration in Canada replacing the temporary government created at the time of the Proclamation of 1763.

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The Molasses Act of March 1733 was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain, which imposed a tax of six pence per gallon on imports of molasses from non-English colonies.

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aimed primarily at the Dutch, required all trade between England and the colonies to be carried in English or colonial vessels, resulting in the Anglo-Dutch War in 1652.

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a multilateral system of trading in which a country pays for its imports from one country by its exports to another.

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belief in the benefits of profitable trading; commercialism.

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confirm or give support to (a statement, theory, or finding).

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A biography is simply an account or detailed description about the life of a person.

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the process used to evaluate what was significant about selected events, people, and developments in the past.

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the available body of facts or information indicating whether a belief or proposition is true or valid.

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Historical context can be defined as the political, social, cultural, and economic environment related to historical moments, events, and trends.

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the quality of being worthy of attention; importance.

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the reason for which something is done or created or for which something exists.

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an exchange of diverging or opposite views, typically a heated or angry one.

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a place, person, or thing from which something comes or can be obtained.

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a view or judgment formed about something, not necessarily based on fact or knowledge.

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a thing that is known or proved to be true.

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explain the meaning of (information, words, or actions).

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the art of drawing solid objects on a two-dimensional surface so as to give the right impression of their height, width, depth, and position in relation to each other when viewed from a particular point.

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Salutary neglect, in American history, is the 17th and 18th century British Crown policy of avoiding strict enforcement of parliamentary laws meant to keep British colonies obedient to England.

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prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair.

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An account of a persons life written by that person