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Inductive and Deductive Research Approaches

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TPR stands for Total Physical Response and was created by Dr. James J Asher. It is based upon the way that children learn their mother tongue. Parents have 'language-body conversations' with their children, the parent instructs and the child physically responds to this. The parent says, "Look at mummy" or "Give me the ball" and the child does so. These conversations continue for many months before the child actually starts to speak itself. Even though it can't speak during this time, the child is taking in all of the language; the sounds and the patterns. Eventually when it has decoded enough, the child reproduces the language quite spontaneously. TPR attempts to mirror this effect in the language classroom.

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TPR stands for Total Physical Response and was created by Dr. James J Asher. It is based upon the way that children learn their mother tongue. Parents have 'language-body conversations' with their children, the parent instructs and the child physically responds to this. The parent says, "Look at mummy" or "Give me the ball" and the child does so. These conversations continue for many months before the child actually starts to speak itself. Even though it can't speak during this time, the child is taking in all of the language; the sounds and the patterns. Eventually when it has decoded enough, the child reproduces the language quite spontaneously. TPR attempts to mirror this effect in the language classroom.

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Total Physical Response (TPR) - Teacher Training film no. 8

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Is a teaching method in which students gain knowledge and skills by working in projects for a extended period of time so they can investigate, answers questions, solving problems.

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Is a teaching method in which students gain knowledge and skills by working in projects for a extended period of time so they can investigate, answers questions, solving problems.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=crMM4z3oKmQ

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1. Simon Says

2. Charades

3. Songs

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Role plays such as ordering in a restaurant or doing a job interview

Information-gap activities require learners to talk to each other and find out missing information they need to perform a certain task. The information missing might include words or numbers etc. The main point is to get students to talk and work collaboratively to share all information they need.

News Reporter: You can have students choose a relevant topic and report about it telling the news story.

Describe an object: Students have to describe or explain an object without saying the name of the object. This is good practice for students to learn how to talk around a word they don't know.

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Communication GIF by memecandy - Find & Share on GIPHY

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Discover & share this GIF with everyone you know. GIPHY is how you search, share, discover, and create GIFs.

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 Ways to use Audio Lingual in modern class 

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 Ways to use Audio Lingual in modern class 

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- Focus on Practical Pronunciation
- Identifying the sound system
- be moderate in the existence of similar sounds
- Use tongue-twisters
- Do Structural Drilling Exercises
- Dialogue Practice (vary the dialogue without altering the grammar)

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Deductive is the traditional method used where teacher explains rules or topics then examples.

Inductive is where the students identify and are able to discover from the examples the general rule or topics.

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-Ask Anita.
-Alibi

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Inquiry-based learning is an approach to learning that emphasizes the student’s role in the learning process. Rather than the teacher telling students what they need to know, students are encouraged to explore the material, ask questions, and share ideas.

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Advantages of Deductive ApproachDeductive approach offers the following advantages:  1.	Possibility to explain causal relationships between concepts and variables2.	Possibility to measure concepts quantitatively3.	Possibility to generalize research findings to a certain extent

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Advantages of Deductive ApproachDeductive approach offers the following advantages:  1.	Possibility to explain causal relationships between concepts and variables2.	Possibility to measure concepts quantitatively3.	Possibility to generalize research findings to a certain extent

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1. what will I learn?
Projects that allow you to learns new skills or understandings.
2. What will I create?
Projects that allow you to invent, create and make new products or improved ideas.
3. What will I solve?
Projects that allow you to identify problems and design improved solutions.
4. What do I love?
Projects that allow you to follow your passions, dreams and ambitions.
5. What are my interests?
Projects that allow you to follow your talents.
6. How can I make an impact?
Projects that allow you to have a positive impact.

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Differences between deductive and inductive approaches to research
One of the most important issues in is the research approach. Researchers usually use one of the two widely known research approaches i.e. deductive and inductive. Both of the approaches have their advantages and disadvantages and both impact on many aspects of a research. The aim of this article is to explore the differences between deductive and inductive approaches to research.
What is deductive approach?
According to Gratton and Jones (2009) deductive approach involves testing of a pre-determined theory, explanation or hypothesis. This approach helps researchers ascertain a hypothesis by using existing theories. Existing information is dissected to accept or reject the hypothesis in order to achieve the research aims (Gill and Johnson, 2010).
Advantages and disadvantages of deductive approach
Deductive research is a focused method of testing hypotheses. However, some critics would argue that this approach does not encourage divergent thinking. It may also limit the scope of creativities.
What is inductive approach?
According to Gratton and Jones (2009) inductive approach generates the explanation from the data collected. It is the opposite of deductive research. Aims at exploring a new theory. It is about moving from specific observations to broader generalizations and theories.
Advantages and disadvantages of inductive approach
Inductive approach is flexible as the researcher does not have to follow any pre-determined information. However, critics would argue that if observations are incorrect, the researcher would end up in incorrect conclusions.
Deductive vs inductive approaches to research
There are some differences between deductive and inductive approaches to research. In deductive approach, the researcher begins the process by considering past and present theories concerning the topic of the research. This helps the researcher develop some hypotheses. The new hypotheses will then be tested by the researcher in the process of conducting a new study. The collected data will either confirm or reject the hypotheses.

On the other hand, relevant theories are not considered at the beginning of an inductive research. In this approach, clusters of data or patterns start emerging from the observations or measures conducted by the researcher. From these patterns, the researcher begins to generate new themes.

It should be noted that deductive approach is usually adopted by researchers conducting quantitative research, while inductive approach is usually adopted by researchers conducting qualitative research.

In a nutshell, both deductive and inductive approaches play an important role in research. Therefore, it is imperative that the researchers make themselves aware of the differences between deductive and inductive approaches and how they impact on other aspects of research.

We hope this article on the differences between deductive and inductive approaches to research has been useful. You may also like reading Qualitative vs quantitative research and What are the advantages and disadvantages of primary and secondary research? If you liked this article, feel free share it by clicking on the icons below.

The article publication date: 10 November 2016
Further reading/references
BPP Learning Media (2013) Business Decision Making, London: BPP Learning Media

Gratton, C. And Jones, I. (2009) Research Methods for Sports Studies, 2 nd edition, London: Routledge

Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2000) Research Methods for Business Students, 2 nd edition, London: Prentice Hall

Photo credit: www.pixabay.com

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howandwhat.net welcome to the world of easy-to-use information!

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Differences between deductive and inductive approaches to research |

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Differences between deductive and inductive approaches to research One of the most important issues in is the research approach. Researchers usually use one of the two widely known research approaches i.e. deductive and inductive. Both of the approaches have their advantages and disadvantages and both impact on many aspects of a research.

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Though widely used in the forties its usage declined due to complains of its efectivity

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1. Interaction
2. Clarification
3. Questioning
4. Design