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How product design can change the world | Christiaan Maats | TEDxUniversityofGroningen

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This area of study is production based, similarly as Unit1- AS2. For the teaching and learning of this area of study, combine and remind of prior knowledges and resources for the collaborative manufacture of a product, including the 'Objectified' documentary by Gary Hustwit.

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Principles and characteristics

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Transportation Management Company | Cerasis

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The following post on safety in manufacturing is applicable to most businesses, not only manufacturing facilities. However, there is an important role safety plays in manufacturing facilities to ensure your company is maintaining the highest levels of output. Without safety as a top priority in manufacturing operations, you are sure to experience delays in getting your product finished and shipped to your customer, thus impacting, ultimately, your company's bottom line.

Want Safety In Manufacturing? Turn to the Safety Manager!

When it comes to safety in manufacturing, the safety manager is an employer's point man for worker safety. This means that the safety manager's responsibilities start with ensuring that all of the employer's OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Association) mandated responsibilities are met. The following are five of the main responsibilities OSHA places on employers:

1. Provide a workplace that is free from serious safety and health hazards

Ensure that the workplace is monitored and is fully in compliance with all applicable OSHA standards, rules and regulations in order to maintain safety in manufacturing facilities.

Use labels, signs, posters, floor marking, and color coding to warn employees about potential hazards.

2. Monitor the workplace to ensure employees follow safety in manufacturing

Have and use safe tools and equipment.

Tools and equipment are properly maintained.

Ensure that Safety Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) are maintained, and communicated to employees.

In addition, the safety manager is usually the person responsible for ensuring the company is in compliance with OSHA employer requirements. These types of requirements include:

Fatal accidents that result in the hospitalization of three or more employees, must be reported to the nearest OSHA office within eight hours.

If the company is not exempt, or partially exempt from the OSHA record keeping requirements, the safety manager ensures that records of work-related injuries and illnesses are maintained. To be partially exempt an employer must meet one of the following requirements:

Have ten or fewer workers, or

Be a type of business that OSHA has classified as a lower-hazard industry.

Ensure medical examinations and training are provided as required by OSHA standards.

Ensure the required OSHA poster is posted in a prominent location.

Provide the names of the authorized employee representatives, who may be asked to accompany an OSHA compliance officer during an inspection, to the OSHA compliance officer.

Ensure OSHA citations, and abatement verification documents, are posted at or near the work area where the accident happened. Each citation must remain posted until the violation has been corrected, or for three working days, whichever is longer.

Ensure any violations cited by OSHA as a result of an OSHA inspection are corrected by the deadline set in the OSHA citation, and submit the required abatement verification documentation.

3. Getting The Safety Responsibility Done

With the responsibilities of a safety manager encompassing such a broad range for safety in manufacturing facilities, how do they accomplish all of this? The following are some of the functions that are the responsibility of a safety manager, and that result in compliance with OSHA requirements. In larger organizations safety assistants will be responsible for some of these functions. In a smaller organization the owner, or HR manager, may be responsible for safety.

The responsibilities of a safety manager may include:

Participating in workplace safety and health planning meetings.

Ensuring managers and supervisors have the appropriate safety and health; accident prevention; and investigation training.

Ensure that managers/supervisors provide safety training and information to workers.

Providing leadership in developing measures and practices that that prevent accidents and ensure compliance with OSHA standards. This includes:

continuously monitor the workplace for hazardous safety and health conditions.

Ensure safety and health hazards are corrected, eliminated or guarded.

Assessing engineering controls, administrative controls, and PPE on an on-going basis.

Assisting in the investigation of accidents. This includes:

Identifying hazardous situations that are associated with the accident.

Having the authority to:

Stop and prevent unsafe actions

Stop the use of unsafe equipment and tools.

Stop work and/or have employees leave a work area.

Investigating all close calls and other safety-related incidents that have occurred within the accident area.

Ensure the results of safety inspections are documented; monitoring the investigation of accidents and injuries; ensuring that corrective actions are taken; and providing recommendations for ways to prevent similar accidents.

Ensure that all accident reports are recorded in a timely, complete, and accurate manner.

Overall, the responsibilities of a safety manager include anything required to ensure complete compliance with OSHA standards, and for maintaining a safe and healthy workplace. What this means will be different in each workplace. At a minimum it requires familiarity with OSHA standards and implementing management practices to ensure compliance with those requirements

Improve Safety in Manufacturing Facilities with Good Signage

One of the critical responsibilities of a safety manager is to ensure that durable, clear and effective signs and labels are used. The best way to accomplish this is by using a label printer and tough-tested labeling supplies.

Note Safety Violations with Clear Tags

In order to keep employees and supervisors focused on the importance of safety in the organization, the safety manager should TAG ANY safety violations with different colored TAGS. When operations personnel see these TAGS, they must fill them out as to what action was taken to correct the safety violation and what will be done to avoid it the next time.

As Safety Manager, in one company where I was the man responsible for safety in manufacturing operations, I saw an ocean going container being unloaded without safety shoes being used by warehouse employees, there was no unloading dock, the forklift was not able to get into the 40 foot ocean going container and they used long rubber strips to move the pallets inside the container. Naturally the employees in this container jumped out to avoid the heavy tipping pallets, and the forklift was not maintained properly, and died several times while unloading this container. There were colored tags all over this UNSAFE operation. The Warehouse Manager had to write a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) to eliminate these unsafe issues for the next 40 foot ocean going container that was due in the following week. This was a lesson on how NOT to practice Safety. Never take safety for granted!

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Safety in Manufacturing: The Top 5 Safety Manager Responsibilities

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The following post on safety in manufacturing is applicable to most businesses, not only manufacturing facilities. However, there is an important role safety plays in manufacturing facilities to ensure your company is maintaining the highest levels of output.

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User-centered design encompasses different research and design tactics that involve the user in each stage of the design process. By keeping the users so actively involved in the process, they'll stay at the forefront of your design decisions-helping you tailor your design specifically to their needs.

Let's take a look at what it is exactly, how the process works, and see a few good examples of it in action.

What is user-centered design?

How does the user-centered design process work?

How user-centered design can change lives

What is user-centered design?

User-centered design is an iterative design process framework that incorporates validation from the user every step of the way. This closeness and frequent interaction helps you deeply understand your user, what they want and don't want from your design, and how they're ultimately going to interact with each part of your product.

Now that you know what user-centered design is, let's jump into what it looks like in action.

How does the user-centered design process work?

The user-centered design process typically takes four steps:

Step 1. Identify the users' needs and the context around them.

Step 2. Specify requirements for both the business and user.

Step 3. Design solutions

Step 4. Evaluate

This is based on the process determined by the International Organization of Standardization (ISO), an organization dedicated to bringing professionals and experts together to set industrial, scientific, and business standards.

Let's take a quick look at each step to see how it's done.

Step 1. Identify the users' needs and context around them

The first step is the start of your user research: when you find out everything you need to know about your user in order to craft a product that satisfies their needs.

To do this, you need to answer three questions:

Who is my user? You need to find out the type of people who will be using your product and, more importantly, what their goals are.

What are my users' problems? These are the issues facing your users that your product, and design, and directly and indirectly help solve.

What are they about? This can mean everything from how they're going to be interacting with your design to even the emotions they feel while using it.

One great tool to use in this step is a user persona template. This can help you formulate a target user you're designing for, grounding your product. And you can use InVision Freehand to collect and assemble this info for easy sharing.

Remember though, having a user persona template is not a replacement for talking to users. Reaching out and conducting proper user research by interviewing and interacting with your users is crucial for any product design process. Don't sleep on talking to them.

That's why good user research is so critical to your project's success. After all, a good product design process is about challenging your assumptions as a designer-which is the basis of user research.

For more on solid user research techniques, be sure to check out our articles on the topic below:

Step 2. Specify requirements for both business and user

Now that you know your users and their needs, it's time to understand your metrics of success. This means having a clear idea of two things:

Business requirements. These are the goals and outcomes that you as the designer and business owner are hoping to achieve. This can include:

Expected revenue

Key stakeholders

Scope of the design.

User requirements. This is everything the user stands to gain from the process and can include:

These both address the big why: why is this design beneficial for both the business and the user? Why is it worth your time to do it right now?

If you need help specifying solid goals, be sure to check out our articles on the topic below:

Once you know the requirements and metrics for success, it's time to move onto the next step.

Step 3. Design solutions

Now that you've identified your users' needs as well as your metrics for success, it's time to actually set out and design solutions for them.

This is the stage of the process that any designer should be familiar with. It means building and deciding on assets like:

Once you've actually designed out your assets to address your target users' issues, it's time to move onto the final step ...

Step 4. Evaluate

Now it's time to analyze and evaluate your designs against the user and business requirements.

This is going to be an overall look at your final product to see if it meets all of the goals you set out for yourself in step two.

Some questions you might ask:

Where did our process go right? Why?

Where did we struggle? Why?

How are our users responding to the product?

Did it solve their issues and pain points?

Where can we improve the product?

What lessons can we take away from this process for future products?

If you find that you didn't meet the goals and requirements that you've set for your product, that's okay! It's to be expected and is all part of the process that will eventually lead you to success.

Step 5. Iteration

What that means now is iterating. That means going back to step one and starting the user-centered design process over-but with the knowledge you gained in the first round.

While not technically a step, it's what comes after you've run through the four-step user-centered design process.

You'll be able to tighten all the screws that need to be tightened and make the changes that need to be made-though this may not happen in the second round of changes either.

You might have to go back for several rounds before it all gets done, and that's okay too! What's important is that you come up with a product that will meet your users' needs and your goals. Eventually, it'll come time to launch-and even then, you might spend some more time tweaking and fixing some aspect of your product.

How user-centered design can change lives

One great example of user-centered design comes from the design firm IDEO Chicago, in partnership with Moneythink, when they developed a personal finance app for young people.

When first developing the app, they had a unique target user: low-income students who want to get a better handle on their personal finances.

Imagine if you're a 16-year-old high schooler living in poverty and struggling to find money to pay for bus fare. Do you think it'd be realistic for you to even consider things like savings accounts or investment funds?

That was the challenge IDEO Chicago faced when designing their app to teach young people about money. They knew in order to create the app, they needed to approach the situation with the utmost empathy. That meant immersing themselves in their users' world and putting themselves in their shoes.

To do that, they took a few approaches:

The result was an app dubbed the "Instagram for money," as one student called it: an app that took all the principles of user-centered design to create something that engaged and benefited the lives of its users.

What next?

User-centered design is the framework in which designers consider the user in every phase of the design process. And it's one that can work in tandem with approaches to design such as Agile and Waterfall.

What the user-centered design process looks for your business will ultimately be unique to you. The most important thing is that you use the process to help your target user and your goals.

If you're ready to begin your own UX process, sign up for a free InVision account and create your first prototype today.

Want to read more about user research?

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User-centered design: Definition, examples, and tips | Inside Design Blog

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User-centered design encompasses different research and design tactics that involve the user in each stage of the design process. By keeping the users so actively involved in the process, they'll stay at the forefront of your design decisions-helping you tailor your design specifically to their needs.

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-Choose a product advertised as 'green' or 'eco-friendly'.
-Analyse the sustainable practices, including that of the brand, the design and production of the product.
-Build data in order to develop a new brief for the improvement of the design and sustainability.

Kids speak: Keep in mind you will develop a new brief for the re-design of the product you chose to analyse. You will then produce and test the performance of your product.

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Episode 6: The 3 Pillars of Sustainability | Sustainable Development | SDG Plus

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Involving research and inspiration methods.

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By now, you've probably heard about design thinking. More industries than ever are taking a human-centric approach to evolving their existing products and generating new ideas to serve their customers better. But what does following the design thinking process look like? In this article, we'll explore the five-step process that enables teams to come up with impactful solutions to real problems that are vetted by the people they intend to serve before they've even been built.

What is Design Thinking?

Design Thinking is a " process for creative problem solving." It's an approach, typically applied in a Design Thinking workshop, that anyone (not just designers!) can take to solve a business or creative challenge. While there are different approaches to the Design Thinking depending on who is teaching it, the process typically boils down to the following five steps:

The method is steeped in a deep belief that the end-user should be at the heart of all decision making. While you start from consumer desirability in Design Thinking, any ideas generated are also weighed against the technical feasibility and the business viability. The benefit of Design Thinking is that, through empathy for your customer, consumer, or client, you are able to create products and experiences that truly help people and even change lives.

Below, we walk through each step of the Design Thinking process:

Design Thinking Process Step #1: Empathize

The first step of the design thinking process provides an opportunity to set our assumptions aside and immerse ourselves in the context of the problem we're attempting to remedy. The particular problem determines who might find the solution useful as well as which experts might help shed light on ways the issue is currently being solved.

Several approaches can help draw out the information needed to paint a full picture of the problem's context. Conducting face-to-face interviews to learn about how people are currently solving the same or similar issues is one of the most common. Asking someone to tell a story about the last time they experienced the problem you're investigating provides a rich description that highlights details you might not have otherwise considered.

Tools like empathy maps can be a great way to consolidate all of the valuable information gleaned from interviews.

Tools like empathy maps can be a great way to consolidate all of the valuable information gleaned from interviews. Empathy maps capture what people do, say, think, and feel in the context of the problem.

Say captures what people say in interviews or during observations of what they do in the context of the problem you're trying to solve. Pay particular attention to when people mention frustrations or comments that indicate their motivations. Pulling direct quotes from interviews is ideal for demonstrating how people feel in their own words.

Capturing what people think may require you to infer based on unspoken details like body language. As you immerse yourself in the information gathered from interviews, think about how the person you interviewed might feel when performing a particular task. What might be frustrating them? If they don't share their frustrations, consider why they might withhold that information.

Do is fairly straightforward. As you observe someone experiencing the problem you're trying to solve, take note of not only what they do, but how they do it. Are they in a hurry? Do they seem confused? Asking why someone takes a particular action can provide insight into their thought process as well.

Feel focuses on the emotional state. What adjectives describe each behavior? Do they abandon a particular task because it's too time-consuming? The Neilsen Norman Group suggests representing feelings with an adjective plus a short sentence for context. (ex. Impatient: pages load too slowly)

Empathy maps provide more than just a way to summarize data. They also help colleagues understand the context of the problem and how people experience it, too. Arming everyone with this knowledge helps ensure that the person the solution is intended for is top of mind at all stages of the idea's development.

Design Thinking Process Step #2: Define

In this step, we combine and analyze the research to draw insights from the data that will help define our problem statement and guide ideation in step three. The resulting problem statement should be captured in human-centered terms rather than focused on business goals. For example, instead of setting a goal to increase signups by 5%, a human-centered target would be to help busy moms provide healthy food for their families.

Based on the frustrations, you observed or heard about come up with questions for how you might solve them. One standard format is, to begin with the phrase " how might me " followed by a particular pain point. For example, how might we make it easier for moms to quickly pick up groceries when they have sleeping kids in the car. As you explore the empathy data, focus on identifying patterns and problems across a diverse group of people. Gathering information on how people are currently solving the problem provides clues on how to give a more innovative solution, and learning about frustrations with those solutions serves to identify unmet needs.

Design Thinking Process Step #3: Ideate

Now that the problem is apparent, it's time to brainstorm ways to address those unmet needs. The ideation stage marks the transition from identifying problems to exploring solutions. Here we prioritize breadth over depth as we look for a diverse range of ideas to prototype and test with real people and the following two steps.

When ideating, challenge yourself to go beyond minor adjustments. Prototypes provide a way to investigate riskier ideas cost-effectively, and the testing phase provides more confidence that the risk is worth pursuing.

We prioritize breadth over depth as we look for a diverse range of ideas to prototype and test.

The ideation stage flows between idea generation and evaluation, but it's important that each process remains separate from each other. When it's time to generate ideas, do so quickly without focusing on the quality or feasibility of the idea for now. You never know whether infeasible ideas can inspire someone else. Consider activities like sketching during the ideation process. It's not necessary to be a skilled artist. As long as you can draw boxes, arrows, and stick figures, you can communicate an idea through sketching.

After ideas are collected, move into the evaluation phase. This is where you can go around the room and discuss the ideas presented to get clarification if needed. One method to quickly evaluate ideas is the dot vote approach. Each person is provided with a limited number of dot stickers that they place on the idea they think is worth pursuing. The top idea or ideas with the most votes (dots) move into the next step to be prototyped.

Design Thinking Process Step #4: Prototype

Prototyping allows you to get ideas into physical form to gain feedback from the people they are intended to serve. The goal is to start with a low fidelity version of the intended solution and improve it over time based on feedback. Beginning with a paper prototype can help you learn quickly with minimal effort. At this stage, it's often a good idea to work through the prototype internally to ensure that any significant gaps are identified before the prototype is tested with it's intended audience in step five.

The prototype should be a realistic representation of the solution that allows you to gain an understanding of what works and doesn't work. It is changed and updated based on feedback from the Test phase in an iterative cycle. The low-cost, lightweight nature of prototyping also allows you to develop multiple solutions to test in tandem to identify the best possible solution for meeting those unmet user needs.

Design Thinking Process Step #5: Test

Think of the test step as an extension of the empathy process. The prototype serves as a conversation starter to gain an even more in-depth understanding of the pain points someone experiences in the context of the problem being solved. We put the prototype in front of people who might use it one day to get feedback on whether or not it solves their problem.

Now's the time to revisit the problem statement and make sure the end solution is meeting those needs and resolving frustrations. By testing, we're seeking to learn if we've made an impact on the way someone feels about the problem at hand. Have we improved upon what already exists? Is our solution compelling enough to change someone's behaviors?

As feedback comes in, prototypes are iterated upon and then reintroduced to people for more feedback. Adopting an open mind is essential in this stage. The Stanford d.School design thinking guide encourages practitioners to, "Prototype as if you know you're right, but test as if you know you're wrong." That can mean being prepared to start over if the prototyped solution does not adequately address the problem. Testing may even reveal the issue was framed incorrectly from the beginning.

The goal of design thinking is to do the upfront work to validate a solution that addresses a real problem while gaining an intimate understanding of people who might use it, so there's a higher likelihood of a successful product or service in the long run.

Resources

Use our custom tools & templates to implement the design thinking process and run magical meetings.

Need an expert facilitator for your next meeting, gathering or workshop? Let's talk.

Voltage Control facilitates events of all kinds, including design thinking workshops, innovation sessions, and Design Sprints. Please reach out to us at hello@voltagecontrol.com if you want to talk or for a consultation.

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5 Steps of the Design Thinking Process: A Step-by-Step Guide + Blog + Voltage Control

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By now, you've probably heard about design thinking. More industries than ever are taking a human-centric approach to evolving their existing products and generating new ideas to serve their customers better. But what does following the design thinking process look like?

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Consider the aesthetics, materials and quality of the product, through sketches and working drawings.

Kids speak: What is this product made of? What colours and shapes are displayed? Why?

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Analysing 'Green' practices.

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Technology knowledges and manufacture skills

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Technology knowledges and manufacture skills

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To incorporate according to available materials, tools and machines.

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Our way: Support Indigenous talent. Mindful manufacturing. Style that lasts.

At Ngali, we know that looking good isn't all that matters. You also want to do good. And so do we.

That's why we created Ngali.

Some of Australia's most talented Indigenous artists live in places you've never heard of and you'll never see. We help bring their unique artwork to the world by including it in our range of premium-quality clothing and homewares.

We want to protect our people, but also our Country. So at Ngali, we work with a just-in-time manufacturing mindset to reduce waste and actively work to reduce our carbon footprint.

Ngali translates to 'we' or 'us' in a number of Aboriginal languages. And through our brand, we're creating the 'us' we'd like to see: a harmonious, sustainable and equitable union of people with the planet.

Sunday,Monday,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,Friday,Saturday

January,February,March,April,May,June,July,August,September,October,November,December

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Ngali translates Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander artwork into Aboriginal designed clothing, silk dress, silk scarves, scarf for women, dresses online,hair scarves, Indigenous clothing, designer scarf, silk formal dress, long silk dress, Aboriginal shirts, shawls for women, silk shirt dress, head scarf.

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Characteristics of the Art movement are recognisable across disciplines.

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Art Nouveau | History, Characteristics, Artists, & Facts

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Art Nouveau, ornamental style of art that flourished between about 1890 and 1910 throughout Europe and the United States. Art Nouveau is characterized by its use of a long, sinuous, organic line and was employed most often in architecture, interior design, jewelry and glass design, posters, and illu…

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'On completion of this unit the student should be able to design and plan the redevelopment of a product with the intention of developing a different product with consideration of sustainability issues.'

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This learning activity appears at the beginning of the first unit. To plan and improve the design of a product, the students need to analyse its function, evaluate the sustainability practices and consider the lifecycle assessment (LCA). Students will develop a case study, and incorporate visualisations in order to propose a new brief. Improvements may refer to the purpose, functionality and sustainability of the product.

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-Analyse sustainability practices of a product.
-Lifecycle Analysis (LCA).
-Develop visualisations, sketches and working drawings.
-Develop a new brief.

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The case study objective is to support the development of the design project. Students will build on this data to develop a new improved brief (outlining the needs and requirements).

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What is is? What is the need for this product? When is it used?
Consider its context and environment of use, add situational sketches.

Kids speak: Describe the product as if explaining its use and purpose to an Alien. The alien just arrived on Earth and discovers human devices.

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Define and consider the lifecycle of the product and its environmental, economic and social impacts.

Kids Speak: Consider some of these questions and analyse the implications on sustainability. Where were the raw materials sourced? Are they imported? Where is production and assembly located? What are the manufacture processes? What is the lifespan of the product and how to dispose of it? What are the packaging practices? How is the product distributed?

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-Compare technology, performance, reliability, quality and design styles.
-Reference designer or artist use of the product.
-Consider evolution of design in history or within various cultures, is accessibility and sustainability different?

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This case study introduces the design brief and process. It can appear at the beginning of students' design folios.

This task does not require the generation of a grade. The rubric can be used as a checklist for feedback and guidelines for the pursuit of the project.

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Is fast fashion destroying our environment?

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Plastic Pollution: How Humans are Turning the World into Plastic

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Improving the design to reduce environmental impact.

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Sustainable Steel: The environmental benefits

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*It's a good stunt for a public design event.

*It's a press release from Carlo Ratti Associati.

CRA develops for Eni an experimental Circular Juice Bar, which makes bioplastic out of orange peels and uses it to 3D print cups to drink the juice. The "Feel the Peel" prototype strives to bring environmental circularity to everyday life and will be presented in Milan, Italy in early October

WATCH VIDEO HERE

CRA-Carlo Ratti Associati, in partnership with global energy company Eni, has developed an experimental Juice Bar, based on the principles of the circular economy. Called "Feel the Peel", it uses orange peels to make bioplastic, turns it into filament, and 3D print disposable cups to drink the freshly-squeezed juice.
The "Feel the Peel" prototype is a 3-meter high orange squeezer machine, topped by a dome filled with 1,500 oranges. When someone orders a juice, oranges slide down into the squeezer. Juice is produced on one side. On the other side, peels are stored and transformed into bioplastic through drying and milling. The bioplastic is heated and melted and used to feed a 3D printer incorporated into the system to produce sustainable cups, which in turn can be used to drink orange juice.

Circularity can be an inspiration for tomorrow's everyday life objects", says Carlo Ratti, founding partner at CRA and director of the Senseable City Lab at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology: "Working with Eni, we played around a machine that helps us to understand how oranges can be used well beyond their juice. In the next iterations of these projects, we might add new functions, such as printing fabric for clothing".

After a preview at the Rimini Meeting in late August, the "Feel the Peel " prototype is starting a tour of public places around Italy in the next few months as it strives to demonstrate a new approach to environmental circularity in daily life. The next stop will be the Singularity University Summit in Milan on October 8th and 9th, 2019. READ THE PRESS RELEASE HERE

CREDITS
Feel the Peel
A project by CRA-Carlo Ratti Associati for Eni
CRA Team: Saverio Panata, Alessandro Tassinari, Oliver Kazimir, Luca Bussolino
CRA Graphic team: Pasquale Milieri, Gary di Silvio, Gianluca Zimbardi
Technical Sponsor: 3D Printing WASP
Video by: ActingOut
Photos by: Nicola Giorgetti

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"Feel the Peel" 3DPrinter from Carlo Ratti

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It's a good stunt for a public design event.This article has been reproduced in a new format and may be missing content or contain faulty links. Contact wiredlabs@wired.com to report an issue. *It's a press release from Carlo Ratti Associati. CRA develops for Eni an experimental Circular Juice Bar, which makes bioplastic out of orange...

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Case study of the sustainable practices of a brand.

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When A Brand You Hate Offers You $ To Promote Them...

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-Select design features and practices that can be improved.
-Write a new design brief according to these observations.
-Begin design process.

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Using biomimicry to design and improve sustainability and create the 'Lily Impeller' by Jay Harman.

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The Innovators Using Nature's Design Principles to Create Green Tech

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As the case study is a complementary task and is not necessarily assessed with the design folio, it can be presented through various formats. Additionally, this task can be an introduction to composing and presenting in a design folio fashion.
Students can choose to present their work through a design folio, an animated video, a presentation with visual posters and representations or a booklet.

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Inspiration

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Design
the world
that you
want

Normal is over. The tumult of 2020 continues to demonstrate how the issues of our time - climate, public health and social justice - are intertwined. Let's look towards the world we might make together.

Theme:
Design the world that you want

A critical role of design is to imagine and create alternative worlds with inventions, products, services, environments, materials and processes that respond to current issues and improve the quality of life for everyone. In 2021, Melbourne Design Week asks: Which world will we make together when we know tomorrow will be very different to today?

Take care to design the world that you want.

Focus Areas

Care

Designing with care requires more empathy in the design process to sense the emotional needs and conditions of others. Designing with empathy requires awareness and sensitivity. Empathy builds trust; it engages stakeholders, and it leads to better outcomes. The design sector demonstrates that it cares by contributing to emergency responses to bushfires and COVID-19 from adapting supply chains and production lines to creating designs geared towards the public good. The events of 2020 have highlighted the need for greater care, from the design of the healthcare system to the broader world of products and services that could shape a more empathetic future.

Community

A design community is one that creates together: sharing resources, collaborating across disciplines, disseminating knowledge and embracing new cultures across geographies and generations. As much as the community is bound by the objects, materials and techniques it uses, designers also form communities through social, cultural and economic values. From gaming to craft, from communications to landscape architecture, design brings us all together. What are connections we need to be making and conversations we need to be having right now?

Climate

Mediating the effects of climate change is the design challenge of this generation. An increase in the intensity of natural weather events, including floods, storms, bushfires and drought, may lead to further conflict and socio-economic inequality. How can designers best intervene in this space, to collaborate across businesses and disciplines with wild creativity? This focus continues Melbourne Design Week's previous exploration of waste, supply chains, manufacturing, materials and speculative design proposals. The problems of climate change are not going away; but, accepting human activity has reshaped the environment, we are hopeful that we have the shared vision to adapt as positively as we can.

Why get involved

If you have a story to tell, an idea to discuss, an issue to debate, new work to unveil - Melbourne Design Week is made for you.

Melbourne Design Week offers an expanded presence online with its website to host exhibition tours, talks and video content recognising the need for a parallel digital design festival to explore how we can explore ways to share design during the global pandemic.

Melbourne Design Week is Australia's leading international public design event, delivered each year by the teams at Creative Victoria and NGV working in close collaboration with a broad network of institutions, media, and industry partners.

Our objective is to provide a compelling annual platform, backed by the expertise and reach of the NGV, for participants to engage a broad audience with their work and ideas.

It is free to present an event during Melbourne Design Week. No registration fees apply.

The Melbourne Design Week program - spanning Melbourne metro and across Victoria - receives dedicated marketing, media and curatorial support from the NGV.

Marketing and media activities reach an extensive audience through a comprehensive digital and social media campaign, e-news, print coverage and targeted media outputs in the lead up to, and during, Melbourne Design Week.

Applicants are expected to organise their own event, however through application, a selection of Melbourne Design Week events may be eligible to receive support to host their event.

In total, over 500 events have been presented over Melbourne Design Week since its inception in 2017. Now entering its fifth year, Melbourne Design Week 2021 builds on the success of previous years, engaging with diverse industry sectors and an active design community to offer an ever-expanding program of exhibitions, launches, talks, tours, workshops and more.

How to apply

Complete and submit the online Expression of Interest form (links below) by the due date, Friday 9 October 2020.

The Melbourne Design Week curators will review all Expression of Interest forms lodged via the Melbourne Design Week website by the due date.

All applicants will be notified Friday 23 October 2020 with the outcome of their submission.

If you are successful, you will be asked to finalise your event planning and submit required content by the deadlines specified in your Melbourne Design Week 2021 participation agreement.

Key dates

Apply now

If you would like to submit a new proposal for 2021 please follow the link below and complete the form by Friday 9 October 2020

NEW SUBMISSION

If your Melbourne Design Week 2020 event was postponed due to COVID-19 restrictions and you would like to restage in 2021 please follow the link below and complete the form by Friday 9 October 2020

POSTPONED EVENT SUBMISSION

About

Melbourne Design Week is an annual 11-day program of talks, tours, exhibitions and workshops that celebrate and interrogate design in its broadest sense. The program offers an opportunity for designers and businesses spanning the many and varied disciplines, to come together to share ideas, show new work and consider how design can be used as a force for good in an increasingly complex and precarious world.

An initiative of the Victorian Government through Creative Victoria, and delivered by the National Gallery of Victoria (NGV), the inaugural Melbourne Design Week was launched in 2017. Curation of the program is led by the NGV Department of Contemporary Design and Architecture team; Ewan McEoin, Simone LeAmon and Myf Doughty alongside Timothy Moore, Director of Sibling Architecture.

Melbourne Design Week is curated into two streams; core programming of local and international exhibitions and keynote presentations hosted by NGV, and the Satellite program which is made up of events and exhibitions independently organised and hosted by the broader design community. The Satellite program makes up 90% of the Melbourne Design Week program with events held at ateliers, studios, retail spaces, universities, galleries and public spaces throughout Melbourne and greater Victoria. Prospective participants develop submissions in response to a provocation set by Melbourne Design Week curators that addresses key issues facing designers and populations around the world. In 2021, Melbourne Design Week asks the industry to propose events and exhibitions that respond to the provocation: Design the world that you want. Participants are called to consider how we might work together to create a better, healthier future for the planet and its inhabitants.

The program is built on the enthusiastic engagement and participation of the design sector and the general public. Since 2017 the program has grown in scope and scale from just under 100 programs in 2017 to over 300 in 2020 making it Australia's largest international design event. We look forward to another four years of talking, making, sharing, imagining and listening.

Past Programs

Image: Material studies for DBPPE - post COVID facemask series, 2020 by Alice Potts. National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne. Image courtesy the artist

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Design the worldthat you want Normal is over. The tumult of 2020 continues to demonstrate how the issues of our time - climate, public health and social justice - are intertwined. Let's look towards the world we might make together.

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Dieter Rams’s Ideology

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Good design at Vitsœ

Here at Vitsœ we stand for the inordinate power of good design in everything we do: designing thoughtfully, responsibly and intelligently for our company, our furniture and the many people who share a profound interest in all of our tomorrows.

For over 60 years, Vitsœ has worked continuously with Dieter Rams. He still improves his designs to this day and is often cited by a new generation as a key influence on their work that is shaping the 21st century.

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Dieter Rams's ten principles for good design (sometimes referred to as the 'Ten commandments').

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WHAT IS THE DESIGN PROCESS? WHY IS IT HELPFUL?

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Present the design process though informative pages. Compose the pages for clear understanding of the thought and making process, with drawings and annotations.

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Starting a design brief - Creating a design brief - GCSE Art and Design Revision - BBC Bitesize

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Learn how to create an effective design brief for GCSE Art and Design.

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'Anthropic Bench' by James Walshfor.

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James Walsh has been awarded the Australian Furniture Design Award for 2020 and a $20,000 cash prize for his entry Anthropic bench.
Reinventing an ancient material tradition, furniture designer James Walsh combines rammed earth with recycled glass filings to produce a seductive, sustainable and hard-wearing composite for Anthropic bench. The material is realised in a design exhibiting an intelligent assembly that is beautifully detailed and resolved.

James Walsh was selected from a shortlist of five finalists, who were invited to present their realised designs for exhibition at the Stylecraft showroom in Melbourne, followed by virtual judging.

Sydney based furniture and industrial designer, James Walsh graduated from RMIT university in 2017. Designing furniture and homewares for his own studio brand and leading Australian companies, his work has appeared in various exhibitions including the Salone Satellite in Milan. Currently James is working with leading design house, Vert Design, while also undertaking various projects and exhibitions that demonstrate his experimental approach to design.

As part of Melbourne Design Week (12-22 March 2020), the National Gallery of Victoria has for the first time partnered with Stylecraft to present the Australian Furniture Design Award (AFDA).

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James Walsh has been awarded the Australian Furniture Design Award for 2020 and a $20,000 cash prize for his entry Anthropic bench. Reinventing an ancient material tradition, furniture designer James Walsh combines rammed earth with recycled glass filings to produce a seductive, sustainable and hard-wearing composite for Anthropic bench.

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The construct may be employed as a checklist, or CRF for marking purposes.

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Art and sustainability have a close relationship that goes back many centuries. Do you want to know more about it?

Sustainability is present in many aspects of our everyday life. We ensure we take care of the environment, we desire balanced economic development, and we defend social wellbeing in many fields. One of these is art, as a vehicle of expression, a medium or an indictment, on behalf of sustainable development. Want to know how this symbiosis between art and sustainability works?

From a thematic perspective, art and sustainability have a long history. Although landscapes can be found in old Chinese ink engravings, drawings on Ancient Egyptian tombs, Roman frescoes from 1 BC, and rural motifs in the divine works of the Middle Ages, it was not until the Renaissance, in the 15th and 16th Centuries, that nature acquired autonomy in painting, especially in the hands of Flemish and German artists. The relationship between painting and sustainability, in the environmental sense, intensified as it became a constant in pictorial art. The arrival of Baroque, Romanticism, Impressionism, then Post-impressionism and later movements, saw a vivid interest develop in the use of natural resources.

Art and sustainability beyond the thematic

To encounter the next relevant stage in the relationship between art and sustainability, it is necessary to travel to the second half of the last century. If, up to this moment, art had interacted with sustainable development only at the thematic level, as simply the content of the work, at the end of the 1970s the Land Art movement, also called Earth Art and Earthwork, came to communicate an important sustainability message through its very form, the materials used and their impact on the environment.

The most famous example of Land Art is Spiral Jetty by Robert Smithson. This is an enormous sculpture in the Utah desert made from 5,000 tons of basalt, built out into the Great Salt Lake in the shape of a spiral. Like the rest of the Land Art produced, Spiral Jetty was influenced by the landscape of which it forms part, intertwining with its surroundings completely. Land Art became the first sustainable creative movement, both in form and content, due to its use of materials such as wood, earth, sand, stones, water, and so on. Also, it is subject - like nature itself - to the weather, which often provokes changes in the composition as if it were indeed just another natural element.

The impact of art on nature

With the arrival of the new millennium, the artistic community continued to develop sustainable art, noting its impact at the social and environmental level. As with sustainable architecture, sustainable artists now seek to optimize the use of natural resources to reduce the environmental footprint of their work.

The relationship between art and sustainability, though, is not limited to physical media, be that sculpture created from natural materials or paintings made from materials respectful to the environment. It goes beyond what can be seen a priori in the work.

Art and Sustainability through paintings

This can indeed be found in Art and Sustainability. Social Challenges from Thyssen-Bornemisza Collection, which ACCIONA and the Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum have developed together. From Claudio de Lorena to Natalia Goncharova, Vincent van Gogh to Romare Bearden, different styles that define the eras the authors represent, such works reflect the protection of natural landscapes, the growth of cities, the consequences of industrialization, the emergence of women artists, the use of resources and reuse of waste. Visitors to the exhibition will enjoy a unique itinerary that helps them understand how the world has developed, while they admire the work of some of the most important painters of the past 500 years.

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Art and sustainability have a close relationship that goes back many centuries. Do you want to know more about it? Sustainability is present in many aspects of our everyday life. We ensure we take care of the environment, we desire balanced economic development, and we defend social wellbeing in many fields.

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Unit focus: Analysis of sustainability practices (social, economic and environmental) for the improvement of a product, including its purpose or function.

Sustainable re-development relates to solving a problem in order to minimize environmental impacts.
These impacts include, but are not limited to the origin and sourcing of raw materials, the manufacture processes, distribution choices and the disposal of materials.

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Unit focus: Team work design and produce user-centred product, as  a solution to a design problem.
Students will consider how the user’s needs and wants, function and context, aesthetics, materials and sustainability issues influence a design. Students will take inspiration from historical or contemporary design movements, style, such as ideology, technology, philosophy and aesthetics.
Students will use digital technologies to work collaboratively through online platforms.

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The Arte Povera is a radical movement, showing opposition to the formal proposals of the American major groups of that time, such as the pop'art, and op'art. Rejecting the mannerisms of a consumer society, the Art Povera promotes instincts, natural and ephemeral craft, aiming to defy the consumption oriented industry. The Arte Povera is socially engaged through revolutionary means.

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Arte Povera. Curated by Ingvild Goetz, Hauser & Wirth New York, 22nd Street

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Pages communicating the themes of the project to inspire the designers along the creative process. Efficient moodboards are titled accordingly, display colour schemes, textures, materials, styles and purpose through the use of mixed mediums, collage pictures, sketches and key words.

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-Address problem, need, opportunity for user-centred design.
-Manage and share responsibilities within each teams, combining collaborative and individual work.
-Research design and art history (movements, styles, culture, music genres, technological themes, designers, brands…).
-Present research and ideas in a moodboard. Take inspiration from one chosen art or design movement and refer to the styles during the design process.
-Develop one design brief based on a given theme or scenario.
-Design the product and plan the production. The timeline must include quality and safety measures and a material and tools list.

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Schedule the production process

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Project-based work can get overwhelming quickly. Missed deadlines, forgotten milestones, and messy spreadsheets cut the motivation and lead to lower work productivity. And working without a clear project plan will lead your team to a crossroads with no clear action plan. That's why it's crucial to create a detailed project timeline.

What is a project timeline?

A project timeline is a chronological breakdown of all the tasks that need to be finished in order to complete any project. These timelines shape the entire project and keep everyone informed and aligned at every stage of the project.

The benefits of a project timeline

By creating a project timeline for each new project, you'll benefit in multiple ways:

The project management timeline helps to set clear directions and priorities.

Everyone will be on the same page.

It's easier to make decisions based on priorities.

Everyone's goals and objectives are aligned.

Your entire team knows which tasks need to be completed next.

How to create a project timeline?

Setting up a project roadmap doesn't have to be complicated. By using online project management software, you can easily track and manage planned activities, project timeline, and keep your eye on the project progress.

Start developing your project management timeline by reflecting on long-term goals and time frame, and move on into greater detail.

Read on: 41 Best Project Management Software and Tools

Step 1. Define your project goals

Creating a project strategy starts with a clear understanding of the final goal - either the outcome you've agreed on with a client or a business goal you'd like to achieve with a long-term project. To avoid any misunderstandings already in the planning phase, make sure the entire team agrees on the primary goal.

Tip: Think about the time in the future when you've completed the project. What achievements are you most proud of? Add these small wins alongside your primary goal to keep your team's motivation and the quality of work high throughout the project.

Step 2. Write down important milestones

Project milestones are small actionable steps that lead to your main goal, and a great way to illustrate, schedule, and evaluate your project's progress. They could signify key meetings, approvals, project phases, or partly delivered work.

By breaking big projects into smaller chunks, your team can also keep track of every project phase and notice the shortcomings, such as crossed deadlines sooner. If you're unsure what the milestones for your project are, the chances are that you haven't thought through the primary goal. So step back and reconsider your project's main objective.

Tip: When working on a complex project, assign each milestone to a specific team responsible for its completion. This way, you always have someone overseeing each milestone's progress.

Read on: Project Management in 2000 vs. 2017 [Infographic]

Step 3. Decide on the timeframe

After you've made a list of all the critical project milestones, it's time to set a reasonable timeframe for achieving each of these objectives.

But be careful not to overrate your team's capacity in this phase of planning. Failing to meet the first milestone will also mean less time for the next ones, leading to many crossed deadlines.

Read on: The Complete Guide to Winning Project Management Sprints

Tip: Recall your past projects - how much time did it take to reach specific milestones? Use this information as a guideline for deciding on the timeframe for each new milestone.

Step 4. Find the best way to visualize your roadmap

A thorough project management schedule can be used throughout the project, not just in the initial planning phase. You should be able to use the timeline to keep track of project progress and to communicate progress at status meetings.

To get the maximum benefit out of a project plan, it should be logical and visualized. Answer a couple of questions to decide which layout to use:

1. Are all parts of the timeline shared with the entire team? - If not, you'll need to create multiple project timelines plus a "master timeline" with all the project steps.

2. Do you need to make edits as the project progresses? - In this case, make sure that your project timeline's in an editable form (not a PDF or a printed version)

3. Do you need to add multiple layers of information? - Complex projects need sub-tasks to manage each activity. You might need a better tool than a spreadsheet to keep track of every important detail.

Tip: Sometimes, a simplified project timeline isn't complex enough to take your projects from start to end. You might need a project planning or project timeline tool.

Step 5. Set up your project management timeline

Now that you've got a clear overview of your project goals, milestones, and timeframe, it's time to create a project timeline. Multiple tools can help you come up with an actionable project plan. Think twice before you download an Excel project template. These free templates might be easy-to-use, but lack the flexibility needed to plan more complex projects.

If you want to be able to track your project progress, and have a complete overview of your team's work, start using a project management tool. These tools are built to help you with every aspect of project management, including work planning, task management, budgeting, and business intelligence. Some tools even have a project dashboard that lets you track all projects on a single page.

Tip: Consider how you're going to report on your project progress and make sure your timeline facilitates the analysis process.

Read on: 10 Genius Project Management Trends You Haven't Heard Of

Step 6. Review your timeline with all stakeholders

Before you finalize your project timeline, take an extra step that will pay off in the future - review the project plan with your team and clients.

Start with your team. Ask everyone to take a look at your roadmap and check whether all the critical milestones are present. Encourage people to speak up if they notice something questionable or consider your timeframe too packed. It's better to set things straight before starting the project, not a couple of weeks into the progress.

Don't forget to ask for your client's approval. You don't need to show them the entire project timeline, but ask them to confirm some of the milestones and delivery dates. Explain why each delivery or approval date was set for a specific time, and ensure that all your accounts are happy with their project's timelines.

Tip: Leave a few unscheduled days between each milestone to catch up with potentially passing deadlines.

Step 7. Get to work!

After you've set up your project management timeline and have everyone's approval, it's time to get into action. Share the final roadmap with your entire team and explain how to use the framework.

Ensure once more that everyone's aware of their work tasks and contribution to each step of the project. If someone's not engaged in a certain project step, find ways to use their potential and time on other projects instead.

Having a clear overview of upcoming and completed tasks helps to keep the level of motivation high and increases your team's overall productivity.

Tip: When working on complex projects, conduct brief one-on-one meetings with your team members to ensure they're on the right track.

Step 8. Report, analyze, and improve

One of the main benefits of having a project timeline is that you're able to track your team's progress. You'll know what everyone's working on, where you're currently standing, and can easily communicate this information to other counterparts.
Make your project timeline actionable and reflective of the real-time situation by asking everyone to mark their progress.
If you're using online project management software, progress could be tracked by marking project tasks done. Find a method that works best for you and your team. Check this article to learn about time tracking best practices and apply these to your project management.

Tip: Analyzing and comparing the outcome of completed projects gives valuable insight into your team's performance. Use this data to compare, learn, and modify to increase the efficiency of your project planning.

Quick recap

Having a project timeline for each significant project will help you deliver on time and focus on top priorities. By taking these eight steps, you can create foolproof project management timelines that will take your team forward:

1. Define your project goals

2. Write down important milestones

3. Decide on the timeframe

4. Find the best way to visualize your roadmap

5. Set up your project management timeline

6. Review with all stakeholders

7. Get to work and get everyone on the same page

8. Report, analyze, and improve

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How to Create a Project Management Timeline

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Project-based work can get overwhelming quickly. Missed deadlines, forgotten milestones, and messy spreadsheets cut the motivation and lead to lower work productivity. And working without a clear project plan will lead your team to a crossroads with no clear action plan. That's why it's crucial to create a detailed project timeline.

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While watching this documentary, consider and discuss: How form and features answer a user-centred function; the evolution of design and re-design to improve performance; how design intentions influence manufacture techniques; industrialisation, mass production and sustainability.

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Start watching with your public library card or university login

Explore our complex relationship with manufactured objects and the people who design them. OBJECTIFIED is a look at the creativity at work behind everything from toothbrushes to tech gadgets. It's about the designers who...

Read more

Alice Rawsthorn, Anthony Dunne, Bill Moggridge, Chris Bangle, Dan Formosa, David Kelley, Davin Stowell, Dieter Rams, Fiona Raby, Hella Jongerius, Jane Fulton Suri, Jonathan Ive, Karim Rashid, Marc Newson, Naoto Fukasawa, Paola Antonelli, Rob Walker, Ronan & Erwan Bouroullec, Tim Brown

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hot docs canadian international documentary festival

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Start watching with your public library card or university login Explore our complex relationship with manufactured objects and the people who design them. OBJECTIFIED is a look at the creativity at work behind everything from toothbrushes to tech gadgets. It's about the designers who...

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-Analyse the practices of a contemporary product claiming to incorporate sustainability.
-Use working drawing, sketches, visualisations.
-Introduce the product design process, lifecycle analysis/assessment (LCA), intellectual property (IP).
-Develop a new brief that outlines needs and requirements.
-Develop criteria to evaluate design, to test the suitability of materials, and the performance of the product.

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-Produce the redeveloped design.
-Consider risk management, health and safety regulations while using tools, machines and materials.
-Efficiently apply production processes.
-Critically valuate the product according to the brief and original design.
-Record production process through digital and manual techniques.
-Suggest further improvements.

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-Produce the product, careful of safety and risks measures.
-Evaluate the techniques and processes, the use of materials and tools.
-Evaluate the product with the brief: Are the requirements met?
-Evaluate product performance and quality.
-Make suggestions for improvement.

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The design folio must include: a design brief, research, visualisations, design options, working drawings, scheduled production plan, evaluation criteria.
The report on the finished product will include a record of production, modifications and the finished product.

Students may add a case-study, a written report about testing, present and display their work.

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Transportation Management Company | Cerasis

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The following post on safety in manufacturing is applicable to most businesses, not only manufacturing facilities. However, there is an important role safety plays in manufacturing facilities to ensure your company is maintaining the highest levels of output. Without safety as a top priority in manufacturing operations, you are sure to experience delays in getting your product finished and shipped to your customer, thus impacting, ultimately, your company's bottom line.

Want Safety In Manufacturing? Turn to the Safety Manager!

When it comes to safety in manufacturing, the safety manager is an employer's point man for worker safety. This means that the safety manager's responsibilities start with ensuring that all of the employer's OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Association) mandated responsibilities are met. The following are five of the main responsibilities OSHA places on employers:

1. Provide a workplace that is free from serious safety and health hazards

Ensure that the workplace is monitored and is fully in compliance with all applicable OSHA standards, rules and regulations in order to maintain safety in manufacturing facilities.

Use labels, signs, posters, floor marking, and color coding to warn employees about potential hazards.

2. Monitor the workplace to ensure employees follow safety in manufacturing

Have and use safe tools and equipment.

Tools and equipment are properly maintained.

Ensure that Safety Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) are maintained, and communicated to employees.

In addition, the safety manager is usually the person responsible for ensuring the company is in compliance with OSHA employer requirements. These types of requirements include:

Fatal accidents that result in the hospitalization of three or more employees, must be reported to the nearest OSHA office within eight hours.

If the company is not exempt, or partially exempt from the OSHA record keeping requirements, the safety manager ensures that records of work-related injuries and illnesses are maintained. To be partially exempt an employer must meet one of the following requirements:

Have ten or fewer workers, or

Be a type of business that OSHA has classified as a lower-hazard industry.

Ensure medical examinations and training are provided as required by OSHA standards.

Ensure the required OSHA poster is posted in a prominent location.

Provide the names of the authorized employee representatives, who may be asked to accompany an OSHA compliance officer during an inspection, to the OSHA compliance officer.

Ensure OSHA citations, and abatement verification documents, are posted at or near the work area where the accident happened. Each citation must remain posted until the violation has been corrected, or for three working days, whichever is longer.

Ensure any violations cited by OSHA as a result of an OSHA inspection are corrected by the deadline set in the OSHA citation, and submit the required abatement verification documentation.

3. Getting The Safety Responsibility Done

With the responsibilities of a safety manager encompassing such a broad range for safety in manufacturing facilities, how do they accomplish all of this? The following are some of the functions that are the responsibility of a safety manager, and that result in compliance with OSHA requirements. In larger organizations safety assistants will be responsible for some of these functions. In a smaller organization the owner, or HR manager, may be responsible for safety.

The responsibilities of a safety manager may include:

Participating in workplace safety and health planning meetings.

Ensuring managers and supervisors have the appropriate safety and health; accident prevention; and investigation training.

Ensure that managers/supervisors provide safety training and information to workers.

Providing leadership in developing measures and practices that that prevent accidents and ensure compliance with OSHA standards. This includes:

continuously monitor the workplace for hazardous safety and health conditions.

Ensure safety and health hazards are corrected, eliminated or guarded.

Assessing engineering controls, administrative controls, and PPE on an on-going basis.

Assisting in the investigation of accidents. This includes:

Identifying hazardous situations that are associated with the accident.

Having the authority to:

Stop and prevent unsafe actions

Stop the use of unsafe equipment and tools.

Stop work and/or have employees leave a work area.

Investigating all close calls and other safety-related incidents that have occurred within the accident area.

Ensure the results of safety inspections are documented; monitoring the investigation of accidents and injuries; ensuring that corrective actions are taken; and providing recommendations for ways to prevent similar accidents.

Ensure that all accident reports are recorded in a timely, complete, and accurate manner.

Overall, the responsibilities of a safety manager include anything required to ensure complete compliance with OSHA standards, and for maintaining a safe and healthy workplace. What this means will be different in each workplace. At a minimum it requires familiarity with OSHA standards and implementing management practices to ensure compliance with those requirements

Improve Safety in Manufacturing Facilities with Good Signage

One of the critical responsibilities of a safety manager is to ensure that durable, clear and effective signs and labels are used. The best way to accomplish this is by using a label printer and tough-tested labeling supplies.

Note Safety Violations with Clear Tags

In order to keep employees and supervisors focused on the importance of safety in the organization, the safety manager should TAG ANY safety violations with different colored TAGS. When operations personnel see these TAGS, they must fill them out as to what action was taken to correct the safety violation and what will be done to avoid it the next time.

As Safety Manager, in one company where I was the man responsible for safety in manufacturing operations, I saw an ocean going container being unloaded without safety shoes being used by warehouse employees, there was no unloading dock, the forklift was not able to get into the 40 foot ocean going container and they used long rubber strips to move the pallets inside the container. Naturally the employees in this container jumped out to avoid the heavy tipping pallets, and the forklift was not maintained properly, and died several times while unloading this container. There were colored tags all over this UNSAFE operation. The Warehouse Manager had to write a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) to eliminate these unsafe issues for the next 40 foot ocean going container that was due in the following week. This was a lesson on how NOT to practice Safety. Never take safety for granted!

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Safety in Manufacturing: The Top 5 Safety Manager Responsibilities

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The following post on safety in manufacturing is applicable to most businesses, not only manufacturing facilities. However, there is an important role safety plays in manufacturing facilities to ensure your company is maintaining the highest levels of output.

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1. Write a project scope statement

2. Create a work breakdown structure (WBS)

3. Break each work package into tasks

4. Determine project dependencies

5. Determine total time needed for each task

6. Identify resource availability

7. Identify important milestones

8. Build your project management timeline

No project plan or charter is complete without a project management timeline. Project management timelines provide a simple visual overview of a project from start to finish and lead to increased work efficiency among teams. As simple as timelines appear when you see them on paper, breaking down a project into an effective timeline may feel overwhelming, especially to novice project managers. So, if this is your first experience creating a project management timeline, or even your 563rd, use these eight no-fail steps to perfect your next timeline.

1. Write a project scope statement.

Determining the scope of your project is another part of the project management process you need to complete before you can create your project timeline. A project scope statement outlines the deliverables you plan to produce by the end of a project.

As a quick example, let's say you and your friends want to plant a garden. A scope statement could look something like this: We will produce a 100 sq ft vegetable garden that produces tomatoes, peppers, kale, potatoes, peas, green beans, and corn.

2. Create a work breakdown structure (WBS)

To create a work breakdown structure (WBS), start from your scope statement and break your deliverable or deliverables into smaller pieces. You aren't getting into tasks yet, just smaller deliverables. Another name for this section is the scope baseline, and each sub-deliverable is called a work package.

Continuing with our garden example, you could say that your WBS is to produce:

10 sq ft of tomatoes

10 sq ft of peppers

15 sq ft of kale

20 sq ft of potatoes

15 sq ft of peas

10 sq ft of green beans

20 sq ft of corn

3. Break each work package into tasks

Now you can make a to-do list for each work package. Think about the gap between your baseline and your goal. What needs to happen to get from the starting point to the desired end point? Take note of tasks that are similar across work packages. This process will help you determine dependencies in the next step.

Now make a task list for two of your mini garden work packages and organize them in a table:

4. Determine project dependencies

Dependencies are tasks that cannot be started until another task has been completed. For example, you can't plant your tomatoes until after the ground has been tilled. In this scenario, determining dependencies for a project management timeline will be relatively straightforward, but for more complex processes, mapping dependencies might give you a few gray hairs.

Creating a flowchart or diagram is helpful for visualizing and identifying these dependencies. You may find it helpful to use swimlanes or color coding to designate which team or individual will take responsibility for each task. Here, the work of planting tomatoes and green beans is split into two teams by color:

5. Determine total time needed for each task

Go back to your task list or dependency chart and consider how long it will take to accomplish each task. Assume that the responsible party is working diligently on the task without interruptions. If you are unable to accurately estimate the needed time, work on this section with an expert who can give you some guidance.

The example below includes a swimlane to show that all of the buying tasks will be done together.

6. Identify resource availability

Most often, your limiting resource will be the availability of your team members or employees. In this step, you need to consider when they will be able to spend time working on an allotted task. Even though it may only take a day of dedicated work to complete an assignment, you may need to expand the amount of designated time to a few days or even weeks if there are many other projects occurring simultaneously.

In the garden example, it will only take four hours from start to finish, but with everything else going on, your team will need two weekends to get it done. Therefore, when you create a project timeline, you will reserve several days for each task.

7. Identify important milestones

Project milestones allow you to track the progress of your projects from start to finish. This way, if you get behind, you will know far in advance of your final deadline and be able to adjust your plans or expectations to stay on target.

8. Build your project management timeline.

This is the fun part! Its's time to create your project timeline. Line your tasks end to end, adjust their lengths to reflect the amount of time allotted, and then add milestones to polish things off. Voilà! You have a completed project management timeline. Isn't it beautiful?

Pro tips

To optimize your experience creating project management timelines, here are a few tips:

Before anything else, set the start and end date of the project and adjust your labels.

Next, decide whether you are using a line or a block timeline. Use the structure that best fits your project. Basic line timelines help identify key milestones, where block timelines make it easy to visualize teams and specific task progress.

Determine the labels of your project based on the timeline. Labels can be in seconds, hours, days, weeks, or even years.

Stack multiple timelines and that labels only appear on the bottom timeline.

Color-code the different timelines or rows to organize the project and keep everyone on the same page.

Alter intervals, but only in complete increments.

If you decide to build your project management timeline in Lucidchart (see our templates below), watch this tutorial for additional tips.

Project management timeline templates

Use these project management timeline templates from Lucidchart to get you started!

Project Milestones Timeline Template

Block Timeline Template

Project Timeline Example Template (With Imported Data)

Ready to get started? Timelines make it easy to keep the entire project on track. Give stakeholders a realistic projection for the project and communicate expectations.

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8 Steps to Create a Project Management Timeline | Lucidchart Blog

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Write a project scope statement Create a work breakdown structure (WBS) Break each work package into tasks Determine project dependencies Determine total time needed for each task Identify resource availability Identify important milestones Build your project management timeline No project plan or charter is complete without a project management timeline.

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Technology knowledges and manufacture skills

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Technology knowledges and manufacture skills

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To incorporate according to available materials, tools and machines.

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Critical reflection about how to further improve a product.

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PDF FILE - CLICK HERE FOR PRINTABLE EVALUATION SHEETS

Designers evaluate their finished products or prototypes in order to test whether they work well and if the design can be corrected or improved. Whatever you have designed it is important to evaluate your work constantly during the project.
Evaluation can take a variety of forms:

General discussion with other pupils, staff and others.
Questionnaires / surveys carried out at any time during the project.
Your personal views, what you think of existing designs.
Most important of all - what do you think of your designs, prototypes and finished products ?
Can you think of any other ways of evaluating your work ?

CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING POINTS WHEN WRITING YOUR FINAL EVALUATION

1. What do you think of the overall design ? What changes would you make ?
2. Are you happy with the materials you chose ? Would you make adjustments next time ?
3. Is the colour scheme exactly what you expected ? What alterations would you make ?
4. Did the project take too long to make ? Would this alter the cost of manufacture ?
5. Would it be easy to set up a production line for the manufacture of your solution ?
6. Is your solution safe ? Could it be made safer ?
7. Are the techniques you used to make your solution adequate or would you use a different range of manufacturing techniques ?
8. Is the solution the right size/shape ?
9. What are the views of other people regarding your design ?
10. Does it work ? What changes are required ?

The final evaluation is often neglected because it is the last part to any design and make project. Do not make the mistake of completing it quickly or not doing it at all. The final evaluation is usually quite easy to write and counts for a high proportion of the marks.

SAMPLE EVALUATION LAYOUT

EXAMPLE EVALUATION - CHILDS EDUCATIONAL TOY

KEY FOB EVALUATION EXERCISE

CLICK HERE FOR EVALUATION EXERCISE AND KEYWORDS/PHRASES

ALTERNATIVE WAY OF PRESENTING AN EVALUATION

Below is a mind map which is based on an electronics project which uses a piece of electronics called a PIC Micro-controller. The mind map approach can be used for evaluating any Design and Technology project.

The term 'PIC micro-controller' is at its centre and words associated with this theme are arranged around the outside. All these words have been added to help you evaluate your project. Evaluation paragraphs are added to the mind map and finally pictures. Normally an evaluation entails writing an account about the final product, in this case a product that includes a PIC micro-controller. This techniques for evaluating a product is different.

1. Draw a mind map similar to the one below but ensure it applies directly to your project.
2. Add evaluation statements to each of the key areas.

3. Add pictures to enhance the overall presentation

2

3

CLICK HERE FOR DESIGN PROCESS INDEX PAGE

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PDF FILE - CLICK HERE FOR PRINTABLE EVALUATION SHEETS Designers evaluate their finished products or prototypes in order to test whether they work well and if the design can be corrected or improved. Whatever you have designed it is important to evaluate your work constantly during the project.

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The design folio must include: a design brief, research, design options, working drawing, scheduled production plan, evaluation criteria and report. The record of production must include test reports and samples with the finalised product.

Student may include a written report with additional information about testing, industry visits, or present their project as a group.

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Comparing the finalised product and the brief: Is the product appropriate for the target and purpose? How can it be improved further?

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Form Follows Function: Tips to Improve Your Product Designs

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Using a grid for collaborative design folio composition

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Using a grid for collaborative design folio composition

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When working with other designers, setting up a grid system helps to compose a clear folio, where all the pages fit together in style.

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6 Examples of Grid Systems

Each type of grid serves a different purpose. Some of the main examples from graphic and UX/UI design are:

1. Baseline Grid

A baseline grid is a dense grid of equally spaced horizontal lines that determine where text will sit. Baseline grids are often used in combination with column grids, to make sure that the lines of text in each column align uniformly across a spread. A simple example of a baseline grid is a sheet of ruled paper, like you probably used at school.

2. Column Grid

This is the most common type of grid used by designers. It involves taking a page and splitting it into a number of vertical fields, which objects are then aligned to. Newspapers and magazines use column grids extensively.

3. Modular Grid

Kind of an extension of the column grid, a modular grid involves taking a column grid and adding rows to it. The intersecting rows and columns create "modules" that can then be used to govern layout decisions. Magazines and corporate reports often use modular grids.

4. Manuscript Grid

This is a one-column grid that simply determines where in a page the text will sit. Classic, "traditional" books use a manuscript grid, with the layouts of facing pages mirroring one another.

5. Pixel Grid

If you've ever zoomed in close to a Photoshop document, you might have seen a pixel grid pop up. Digital screens are made up of a microscopic grid of millions of pixels, and sometimes designers get in close to edit images pixel-by-pixel.

6. Hierarchical Grid

A hierarchical grid refers to any irregular grid that accommodates specific content needs. A hierarchical grid may be completely freeform, or it might be composed of two superimposed grids, or other additional grid elements.
Many modern website interfaces utilize hierarchical grid layouts to avoid a box-like feel.

The Early History of Grids

It's likely that the oldest grid system was something resembling the baseline grid: guidelines-or "helper lines"-drawn onto ancient manuscripts that aided the scribe in creating text that was straight and evenly spaced. Simple column grids can be found in the Dead Sea Scrolls, where they serve to organize text into readable blocks within a long, rolled-up document.

Some 1500 years later, this same principle was readily transferred to early western printing press machines, which required metal blocks of "movable type" to be loaded, one letter at a time, into a series of lines, to be manually inked and then pressed onto paper.

The Gutenberg Bible-the first western book printed using movable type-uses a two-column grid.

Newspapers from the late 19th and early 20th century expanded their use of large column grids, because they maximized the amount of information they could fit on a sheet of newsprint.

On a large piece of paper like a broadsheet newsprint (which is about 30 inches by 23 inches), using columns means that a smaller type size could be used (often 8pt), and a short line length sustained within each column, maintaining readability. Without columns, the lines would be too long and difficult to follow.

Grid Design in the 20th Century

The grid system is an aid, not a guarantee. It permits a number of possible uses and each designer can look for a solution appropriate to his personal style. But one must learn how to use the grid; it is an art that requires practice.

-Josef Müller-Brockmann

Grids began to get more interesting in the early 20th century, when avant garde designers began to experiment more with layout after being inspired by movements like Bauhaus and De Stijl. For example, mid-century designers Jan Tschichold and Josef Müller-Brockmann developed new grid systems in the form of sparse, typographic layouts and poster designs.

Müller-Brockmann in particular-one of the main exponents of the Swiss Style-pushed the limits of grids by creating modular and rotated grid systems. In his handbook Grid Systems in Graphic Design, he discusses in depth how to choose margin widths that are both visually interesting and functional, and covers tricky details like how to place page numbers in relation to the grid.

One of Müller-Brockmann's most important insights is that the success of a grid depends not just on how elements are placed within it, but also on how the grid itself is positioned in relation to its container. Today, in print design, the container is typically the page, and in web or UI design, it's usually the browser window.

The title of the book is even slightly misleading to modern readers, because Müller Brockmann focuses as much, if not more, on the choice and management of type than strictly on the use of layout grids. In historical perspective, this reflects how abstract grid systems emerged from the writing and printing of text; for Müller-Brockmann, grids and text were inseparable. In essence, grids began as a system for organizing text, and so they remain today.

Indeed, Müller-Brockmann's recommendations for print layouts derive all modular decisions about grid rows and vertical gutters from the baseline text grid. He calls each of the resulting modules "fields".

An incredible number of possibilities are created through the modular system that Müller-Brockmann developed, and the influence of his work can be seen in much graphic and web design today. For example, we can see a digital version of Müller-Brockmann's modular system at work on the Guardian's website (albeit without the baseline alignment):

Müller-Brockmann even explored the application of grid systems to 3D spaces, and grid systems have had a significant impact on the design of exhibition spaces, and on corporate interior design.

As a kind of postscript to the book, Müller-Brockmann looks at ancient "systems of order" drawn from nature and earlier human civilizations. As examples, he identifies honeycombs made by bees, and primitive maps of the proportions of the human body. He also looks at Egyptian pictograms, the Gutenberg bible, and music manuscript (which is a kind of detailed grid system, if you think about it). He also covers the geometry of traditional Japanese architecture, and even the support structure for the roof at London's Crystal Palace.

Connecting this history to the modern designer's practice, he concluded the book with this passage:

More and more, clients expect the designer's work to be logical and systematic, not only on economic grounds but also with a view to image creation and cultivation, for a unified conception for a corporate identity cannot be produced by creativity which is solely emotional in origin. Design demands to a very high degree of not only emotional but also intellectual capacity for creative achievement.

-Josef Müller-Brockmann

In the second half of the 20th century, many more designers became celebrated exponents of grid systems. Take, for example, Massimo Vignelli and Wim Crouwel. Vignelli favored strict modular grid systems for his countless book designs, as well as in his work on public information materials for clients like the U.S. National Park Service and the New York Subway. Crouwel is particularly noted for his grid-based typography.

21st Century Rebellion Against the Grid

The revolution in computing and design software began in the 1970s, took hold in the 80s and 90s, and continues to this day. As well as rapidly changing the tools and techniques used by typesetters and printers, it created new opportunities for experimentation amongst designers.

Historically, grids were a critical tool in allowing typesetters and printers to organize text and other graphic elements in a consistent and reproducible way. It was possible to break the grid and manipulate type, as Wolfgang Weingart did while a printing apprentice. However, achieving these alternative effects meant subverting how conventional printing presses were designed to work.

With the arrival of desktop publishing, these technical and formal constraints-which had both informed and reflected the use of grids in graphic design-were removed.

Even the earliest graphic design software, like Pagemaker and Photoshop, let you change up your grids with the click of a mouse. Images could be rotated, distorted, and layered. Whole publications could be mocked up quickly and cheaply on screen, without having to commit each experiment to a costly printing process.

This opened up a new era of experimentation in graphic design-one of the clearest historical illustrations of how new technical tools and constraints can drive the creation of novel work.

One of the best known figures to emerge from the experimentation of the 1980s and 1990s was David Carson, a professional surfer who developed an interest in graphic design. He initially learned his trade through a two-week graphics course at the University of Arizona, another short course in Oregon, and a 3-week workshop in Switzerland. Carson is one of the finest examples of how to become a designer without going to design school.

Carson's designs are notable for a number of breaks with graphic design convention, including the use of standard grids. However, there are enough grid elements left intact to preserve the design's fundamental purpose-to communicate meaning.

Grids in UX/UI Design

Apart from the visual structure they provide for digital interfaces, grid systems and layouts serve a functional purpose as well. For UX and UI designers today, column grids are an indispensable tool in creating designs that have enough structure to allow them to be flexible across multiple devices.

For example, in the free Figma 101 email course, you can create an app design using a 3-column grid for mobile, and then translate that design to a wider 12-column grid for desktop. This way of working is fundamental to the efficient creation of app designs today.

As designers pass their polished UIs off to developers, there are systems like Flexbox, Tailwind, and CSS Grid which offer a basic framework for faithfully implementing grid systems in websites and apps.

5 Tips for Using a Grid In UX/UI Design

As you begin experimenting with grid systems in your work, there are a few key takeaways that can help you move forward with impactful, flexible designs:

In his book Grid Systems, Josef Müller-Brockmann emphasized that how a grid is positioned within the page-how the margins are set up-can have a big impact on how the grid performs, both functionally and aesthetically.

2. Don't just design with a grid-design the grid

When opening up a new design file to work on a website or app design, it's tempting to start with your "usual" grid-perhaps a number of columns you're used to, or a gutter width you always use.

For many projects, this makes sense, since you might be working within the constraints of an existing project.

But it's always worth taking time to work out what kind of grid your project actually needs, and whether there are additional considerations that might come into play. This second check can save you from getting locked into a grid that doesn't actually work, or that hinders the functionality of your project.

3. Always begin and end elements in a grid field-not in the gutter

The gutter-the empty space between columns-should be used to separate elements. Text and graphics can span multiple columns, of course-but they should begin and end at the edge of a column, not in the gutter.

4. Don't forget about baseline alignment

Making sure that all the text in a column-based design also sticks to a consistent baseline can make a big difference to the sense of harmony and organization on a page. Baseline alignment is easily overlooked in digital design projects (as opposed to graphic design, where it is front and center), but it can make the difference between a balanced design and something that just feels off.

5. Consider using an 8pt grid for UX/UI design

Today our designs have to work and look crisp across a range of devices and screen resolutions. Using dimensions and spacing that are multiples of a base number helps to make these transitions clean and systematic. It is now common to use an 8pt grid, because it means designs can scale perfectly on retina screens, and works whether you are using vector or pixel based designs.
Learn More: Check out Google's Material Design guidelines on 4px and 8px grid principles
Key Takeaways

Grid layouts play an aesthetic and functional role for UX/UI designers, and ultimately deliver a structure that will ensure the content is accessible and responsive.

Grid systems have played an integral role throughout visual design history, from the earliest manuscripts to the printing press to modern interface design practices.

The 8-pt grid has become a standard, especially when designing with retina screens in mind.

Interested in kickstarting your UX/UI design career by learning design best practices like grid systems (and how to apply them)? UX Academy is an all-in-one UX bootcamp with in-depth course materials, 1:1 mentorship, and career support to help you land your dream job as a UX/UI designer.

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The Grid System: Importance of a Solid UX/UI Layout

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A comprehensive look at grid systems and how to utilize them in the UX design process to create a solid, responsive layout.