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Have you ever heard of an atom? An atom is the littlest particle of matter forming a chemical element.

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An atom comprises the particles protons and neutrons, which forge its nucleus. It is also orbited by electrons.

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What is the mass of each of those particles (approximately?)

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What is the mass of each of those particles (approximately?)

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Proton = 1.67 x 10⁻²⁴ grams
Neutron = 1.67 x 10⁻²⁴ g
Electron = 9.11 x 10⁻²⁸ g

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What is the difference between an atom and an element?

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What is the difference between an atom and an element?

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Each element consists of many of a particular type of atom. Elements can therefore be unraveled and broken down into atoms; on the other hand, an atom is simply the tiniest unit of matter and cannot be further simplified.

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Image source: https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_introductory-chemistry/s07-01-atomic-theory.html

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An atomic number describes the number of protons in a nucleus of an atom in an element.

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What is atomic mass? What does that include?

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What is atomic mass? What does that include?

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Atomic mass accounts for the mass of an atom in an element. It is found by adding the number of protons and neutrons together in an atom's nucleus.

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An isotope is an atom that contains different numbers of protons and neutrons. A neutral atom possesses an identical number of both these subatomic particles. However, in an isotope, the amount of protons remains equivalent, but the number of neutrons changes and becomes different. For example, a neutral fluorine atom is composed of 9 protons and 9 neutrons. One fluorine isotope, labeled fluorine-19, has 9 protons and 10 neutrons.

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Explain what information is on the periodic table for each element (simply) using your element.

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Explain what information is on the periodic table for each element (simply) using your element.

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Each tile on the periodic table presents the name, symbol, atomic mass, and atomic number of a specific element. The element displayed here is fluorine, as exhibited by the name written directly underneath the letter F. The F in the center of the tile is the symbol for fluorine. The number in the top left corner represents the atomic number (which also happens to be the number of protons). The number on the very bottom stands for the atomic mass of the element. Centered on this information, the symbol for fluoride is F, its atomic number is 9, and its atomic mass is 18.9984.
Image source:
https://sciencenotes.org/fluorine-facts/

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Using the Bohr model, explain electron orbitals. How are these simple circular orbits different than the actual orbitals?

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Using the Bohr model, explain electron orbitals. How are these simple circular orbits different than the actual orbitals?

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The Bohr model, developed in 1913 by Niels Bohr, is incredibly clear in its explanation of electron orbitals. It conveys that each electron can only undertake a specific orbit, which possesses fixed energy, around the nucleus as well as the number of electrons carried in each orbital. The first orbital (nearest the nucleus) can only accommodate 2 electrons; the second orbital can retain 8 electrons; the third orbital can hold 18 electrons, and so forth. In reality, orbitals are not so much circular as they are elliptical, and they comprise a cloud-like atmosphere of electrons around the nucleus, which remains a concept not communicated in the Bohr model.
Image source:
https://chemistrygod.com/bohr-atomic-model

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What are electron configurations and what is their importance/significance?

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What are electron configurations and what is their importance/significance?

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Electron configurations demonstrate the distribution of electrons throughout the orbitals encircling an atom. They are significant and necessary for understanding atoms because they control the chemical behavior of atoms, such as which atoms can combine with which others, as well as the distinctive chemical makeup of an element. Electron configurations also dictate where each element is specifically located in the periodic table.

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Teach me how to do the electron configuration for your element.

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Teach me how to do the electron configuration for your element.

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In order to write this, first locate the number of electrons an atom has. If you analyze the periodic table, a fluorine atom has 9 protons (and since the periodic table contains only neutral elements, this atom therefore possesses 9 electrons as well). The next step is to observe the different-colored groups on the table and figure out how many orbitals can fit in each group. S sublevels can carry 2 (or less) orbitals, p sublevels can carry 6 or less electrons, d sublevels can carry 10 or less electrons, and f sublevels can carry 14 or less electrons. The number of electrons in the orbitals of each sublevel is dictated by a number in superscript directly after it. The superscripts should all add up to the number of electrons in the atom. Keep listing each sublevel and number of orbitals until you reach the max amount of orbitals you can write for your element. Every orbital will be filled until the last one, which will only contain enough to complete the amount of electrons in an atom. To note fluorine's configuration, keep placing in sublevels and orbitals until you reach 9 exponents. Correspondingly, the electron configuration for fluorine is 1s²2s²2p⁵ (each orbital is full of electrons until the last one, which allows the exponents to all add up to 9).

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What are the properties of your element - and explain why different elements have different properties.

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What are the properties of your element - and explain why different elements have different properties.

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Each element retains distinctive properties. The influencing factors include atomic number, mass number, and amount of protons, neutrons, and electrons. In turn, they determine the element's properties of density, boiling point, melting point, color, thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivity. Each element must contain differing properties so as to be able to work together to construct different particle structures, which is how the world is put together. For example, a fluorine atom possesses 9 protons, 9 neutrons, and 9 electrons, resulting in an atomic number of 9 and a mass number of 18. These specify fluorine's density (1.696 g/L), boiling point (-188.11°C), melting point (-219.67°C), thermal conductivity (0.000279 W/cmK). and electrical conductivity (fluorine is a nonmetal and thus incapable of conducting electricity).