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•The hydrosphere consists of the Earth’s water resources: oceans, lakes, rivers, streams, groundwater, and glaciers

•97.5% of the water on Earth is SALT WATER

•Only 2.5% is FRESH WATER

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The Geosphere - Layers of the Earth - Science for Kids

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➥The atmosphere blocks out harmful rays from the sun. The ozone layer, which lies in the stratosphere 11 to 50 kilometers from the Earth's surface, blocks out many harmful forms of radiation.

➥It regulates the balance of water on Earth and delivers precipitation to areas that otherwise would not have water.As water evaporates or is given off by living organisms (respiration in animals, transpiration in plants), it rises through the atmosphere and forms clouds.

➥Animals take in breathable oxygen from the atmosphere and use it to metabolize food into energy. Plants use carbon dioxide to grow and sustain life.

➥  Atmospheric wind with nitrogen erodes land so it can be broken down to form life-sustaining soil.

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1. Troposhere - is thickest at the equator, and much thinner at the North and South Poles.

2. Stratosphere - The stratosphere's ozone layer is made up of a high concentration of ozone, a molecule composed up of three oxygen atoms.

3. Mesosphere - The atmosphere is thin here, but thick enough for meteors to burn up as they pass through the mesosphere, resulting in "shooting stars."

4. Thermosphere - Not much is known except that temperatures increase with altitude.

5. Exosphere - The outermost part of the Earth's atmosphere that gradually fades into space.

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➥The atmosphere is the whole mass of air that surrounds the earth.

➥Is divided into 5 layers.

➥The atmosphere of Earth spans from the planet's surface to a height of 10,000 kilometers (6,214 miles).

➥The majority of the atmosphere is found within eight to fifteen kilometers of the Earth's surface (five to nine miles).

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Let's know more about the interesting Biosphere!

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What is the Biosphere - More Grades 9-12 Science on the Learning Videos Channel

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➥The biosphere produces the succession of life forms needed to keep the planet habitable.
➥Also without the biosphere, there couldn't be any life with the right conditions.
➥It is significant as life itself because it's all about life, without it Earth would have been a lifeless planet and we wouldn't exist in real-time.

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Functions of Hydrosphere:
➥Serves as a Habitat for multiple plants and animals to live in.
➥Regulate climate. It assists to regulate the temperatures on earth as they stay in a range that is acceptable for life on earth to exist.
➥Water enables the cell to function appropriately.  If we didn’t have water, cells won’t be able to operate normally as life cannot exist without it.
➥Humans need Water in day-to-day activities, like drinking, washing clothes, cleaning, and a lot more.

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➥The Lithosphere is that part of the Earth upon which humans live and from which they extract most of their food, minerals, and fuels.
➥The Hydrosphere contains Earth’s water. It is a vitally important substance and occurs in all parts of the environment.
➥The Ecosphere is the regions of the universe, especially on the earth, that are capable of supporting life; the biosphere.
➥The Atmosphere is the thin layer of gases that envelops the earth is a great resource for all living things on the planet.

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➥ The Biosphere is the Global Ecological System integrating all beings and their relationships.
➥ It is also defined as the thin outer layer of the Earth capable of supporting life or the zone of life on Earth.
➥ It consists of Three Subdivisions: The Lithosphere, The Hydrosphere, and The Atmosphere.

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What is the Geosphere?

The geosphere is the earth itself: the rocks, minerals, and landforms of the surface and interior. Below the crust - which varies in depth from about 5 km beneath the ocean floor to up to 70 km below the land surface, temperatures are high enough for deformation and a paste-like flow of elements. At one time, roughly 200 million years ago, the continents were joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea, but since then tectonic plates have slowly separated, creating the arrangement of the continents we are accustomed to today.

Plate tectonic movement is ongoing, and humans can witness its sometimes violent activity in the form of earthquakes and volcanoes. More regularly, however, human interaction with the dynamic geosphere comes in the form of surface erosion, our use of arable land for farming, and excavations for the construction of buildings, roads, and mines.

How does the geosphere interact in the earth system?

Evolution of the continents. Fast-forward 200 million years from the time of Pangaea to the creation of the modern-day continents. (Credit: ARC Science Simulations)

While seemingly static, the geosphere is in fact a very active player in the earth's systems, affecting the atmosphere and the oceans, as well as critical processes such as the water cycle and biogeochemical cycles. For instance, the types of minerals contained in soils - the results of geologic processes - help to determine the vegetative cover and ecosystems on the soil surface. Carbon - an essential element of life - is bound in organic matter and is carried to the ocean via wind and water erosion where eventually it becomes part of the ocean floor. Tectonic movement carries ocean deposits into the earth's interior. On geologic timescales, volcanic activity can vent the stored carbon to the Earth's atmosphere as carbon dioxide. The carbon cycle is one of the key cycles linking the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere.

The inner core of the earth contains liquid iron. Its motion is thought to drive the earth's magnetic field - the magnetosphere - which extends far beyond the atmosphere, protecting Earth and its biosphere from solar wind and cosmic radiation. This layer is extremely hot and advances in geothermal technology could some day enable us to harness greater amounts of heat energy from within the crust and convert it to electricity at the surface.

Soy Plantation, Amazon Brazil. With the aid of fossil fuel-powered machinery, man can make sweeping changes to the natural landscape.

How do humans interact with the geosphere?

Aside from surface disturbances such as excavations and agriculture, humans have a fairly minor impact on the workings and scale of the geosphere. Humans still live largely at the mercy of powerful geologic forces. The 2010 Haiti earthquake is just one of many examples of the impact of these forces. While we may never be able to stop earthquakes or volcanoes, studying their mechanics can enable us to better understand their dynamics so that we may continue to develop means for reducing risk to homes and people when they occur.

Journal Activity

Materials: Notebook, paper and pencil or dedicated computer file where you can keep your work.

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The Geosphere | Aspen Global Change Institute

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The geosphere is the earth itself: the rocks, minerals, and landforms of the surface and interior. Below the crust - which varies in depth from about 5 km beneath the ocean floor to up to 70 km below the land surface, temperatures are high enough for deformation and a paste-like flow of elements.

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➥ Provides living space or environment for all living things to live and survive.
➥ It also provides the Earth's magnetic field – the magnetosphere - which extends far beyond the atmosphere, protecting Earth and its biosphere from solar wind and cosmic radiation.

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➥ Crust (Oceanic and Continental), the light and thin outer layer of the planet where most energy and mineral are derived from.
➥ Mantle (Upper and Lower), the biggest and thickest layer of Earth's interior, has about 2,900 kilometers thick, makes up a whopping 84% of Earth’s total volume.
➥ Outer Core, a fluid layer about 2,400 km thick and composed of mostly iron and nickel.
➥  Inner Core, the innermost layer of the planet, is a solid ball with a radius of about 1,220 km and is the hottest layer with about 9,000 to 13,000 degrees Fahrenheit that’s almost as hot as the surface of the sun.

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➥ The Geosphere is the solid parts of the planets which includes rocks and minerals found all over the earth.

➥ It is subdivided into Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, and lastly Inner core

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➥ the major significance of the hydrosphere is that water sustains various life forms.
➥ Essentially, it plays an essential role in ecosystems and regulates the atmosphere.

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What is Hydrosphere? | Water Distribution | Environmental Science | Letstute

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➥The Hydrosphere covers all water present on the surface of the earth.
➥ It consists of saltwater, freshwater, and frozen water along with groundwater and water in the lower levels of the atmosphere.
➥About 70% of the Earth is covered with liquid water and much of it is in the form of ocean water.