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Prinzip directing his gun at Sophie and Franz Ferdinand

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June 28, 1914: The Assassination of Franz Ferdinand

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June 28, 1914: The Assassination of Franz Ferdinand

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The Bosnian-Serbian nationalist Princip assassinated Franz Ferdinand, the archduke of Austro-Hungary, and his wife Sophie. This occurred on June 28, 1914, in Sarajevo. Prinzip's motive was to free Serbia from Austrian-Hungarian rule. He hoped that killing their archduke would send a clear message to Austria-Hungary and ultimately cause the independence of Serbia. This event caused a major uproar.

source 1: https://www.britannica.com/list/timeline-of-world-war-i
source 2: https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/world-war-i-history

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The newspaper after the war had been declared

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July 28, 1914: AUSTRIA-HUNGARY DECLARES WAR ON SERBIA

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July 28, 1914: AUSTRIA-HUNGARY DECLARES WAR ON SERBIA

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Austria-Hungary's ultimatum was directly caused by the assassination of Franz Ferdinand and Sophie. The Austria-Hungarian government thought the Serbian government orchestrated the assassination. correspondingly, Austria-Hungary declared the war on Serbia. The consequence was huge. Namely, the beginning of the first world war.

source: https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/austria-hungary-declares-war-on-serbia

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August 1–28, 1914: More War Declarations

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August 1–28, 1914: More War Declarations

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Germany declared war on Russia and France in support of Austria-Hungary. This is where Great Britain comes in. Britain declared the war on Germany because they did not listen to Britain's call to remove German troops from neutral Belgium.

More and More countries chose their sides in this war.
Austria declared the war on Russia. Montenegro declared war on Austria on the 28th of July in 1914. France declared the war on Austria. Britain declared war on Austria. Montenegro declares war on Germany. Japan declares war on Germany. Finally, Austria declared war on Belgium.

Ultimately, these war declarations resulted in two alliances: the central powers consisting of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire in opposition to
the Allied powers which included Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, Romania, Japan, and the United States.

Many countries getting involved made this war the first world war.

source 1: https://www.britannica.com/list/timeline-of-world-war-i
source 2: https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/how-the-world-went-to-war-in-1914
source 3: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_declaration_of_war_upon_Germany_(1914)

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The Schlieffen Plan was invented by German Field Marshal Alfred von Schlieffen. He thought about the invasions of Belgium and France and came up with a plan.
German forces were sent to invade France via Belgium and the Netherlands instead of walking across the common border and fight Russia seperately after they won the battle against france.

The Schlieffen plan failed because the Germans thought it would take Russia about six weeks to mobilize their troops. However, the Germans took too long in the battle with France and underestimated the amount of time it would take Russia to get their troops ready for war.

The Schlieffen Plan was the main reason that Britain declared the war on Germany on August 4th, 1914. Britain had asked Germany to remove their troops from Belgium. when they did not listen, Brittain declared war.

Without the Schlieffen plan, German troops would probably not have touched Belgium and therefore Great Britain would not have entered the war if the Schlieffen plan never happened.

source:
https://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/world-war-one/causes-of-world-war-one/the-schlieffen-plan/

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The Schlieffen Plan - And Why It Failed I THE GREAT WAR Special feat. AlternateHistoryHub

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The Battle of Marne was the start of trench warfare. It was an offensive where the French army and the British Expeditionary Force fought against the German army. The French prevented the Germans from accomplishing victory on the western front. Thus a victory for the Allied powers.

Source: https://www.britannica.com/event/First-Battle-of-the-Marne

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During the Battle of Ypres, the Germans launched a chlorine attack on the Allied trenches. An era of chemical warfare begins. This caused massive death rates on both sides of the war. Both the Allies and the Germans Attempted flank attacks. They all failed to achieve significant breakthroughs and it became a real stiff trench war.

Source: https://www.britannica.com/event/First-Battle-of-Ypres

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the Gallipoli Campaign was an Anglo-French operation against the Ottoman empire. The intention was to force the Dardanelles channel and to capture Constantinople. The goal was to relieve pressure on the Russians.

The British authorities had considered this plan before, but the military and naval opinions were against it.

the fleet alone would not succeed in this mission. In consequence, the military came to the rescue. Landings began on the Gallipoli Peninsula at Cape Helles and at the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps Cove.

The offensive failed and lead to the collapse of the British government.

Source 1: https://www.britannica.com/event/Gallipoli-Campaign
Source 2: https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/battle-of-gallipoli-1

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May 7, 1915: German submarine sinks Lusitania

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May 7, 1915: German submarine sinks Lusitania

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The British ocean liner Lusitania was torpedoed by a German U-boat on May 7, 191. This happened near the south coast of Ireland.

Germany broke naval rules but still stood by its decision with the argument that it had issued warnings of its intention to attack all ships, even neutral ships, that entered the waters around the British isles.

This action turned the British water into a warzone. On top of that, Germany disobeyed prize laws that were meant to warn ships of the presence of a submarine. This caused indignation by the United States and the European Allies.

Source 1: https://www.history.com/news/how-the-sinking-of-lusitania-changed-wwi
Source 2: https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/german-submarine-sinks-lusitania

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The battle of Verdun was fought on the western front of France. In this battle, a substantial German offensive was repulsed by the French. The battle of Verdun was one of the most ferocious battles of the first world war. The battle was so bloody, it was referred to as 'the meat-grinder'. There were innumerable fatalities.

On the first day of this battle, the Germans bombarded a large area. The bombardments streched from Bois d’Avocourt to Étain. At the end of this day, Bois d’Haumont was occupied and the French borders were penetrated by the French.

Despite this progress for Germany, the battle of Verdun is considered a victory for the French. They were able to defend and retain a place of historical importance. On the contrary, the battle was the first serious defeat of the German army.

Source 1: https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Verdun
Source 2: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Verdun

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The battle of Jutland was the only major encounter between the German and the British battle fleets. It was fought near Skagerak which belongs to Scandinavia. The two armies had avoided a face-to-face encounter until this battle on behalf of keeping their trade safe from the war.

Germany's plan was to take down the British fleet with their submarines. This did not succeed. Their plan B was to attack the British Fleet in separate parts.

Germany also bombed Lowestoft and Great Yarmouth in England on April 25. The intent of this action was to lure a part of the British fleet into a position where the German Fleet could attack it. This plan worked and the Germans won this battle.

source 1: https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Jutland
source2: https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/battle-of-jutland

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The battle of the Somme was one of the most bitter and excessive battles of the First World War. On the first day of this battle, there were over 57,000 British casualties. This makes the first of july 1916 the most disastrous day in Britain's military history.

The battle caused many deaths because the Allies launched a week-long heavy artillery bombardment prior to their attack. The Allied powers had been confident the bombardment would damage German defences enough and thought their battle would be much easier after this. However, the German positions were stronger than anticipated. Many of their positions were underground.

French forces succeeded in achieving the victory over the Germans after 18 months of trench deadlock.

Source1: https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/battle-of-the-somme
Source 2: https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/what-happened-during-the-battle-of-the-somme

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April 6, 1917: The United States join the war

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April 6, 1917: The United States join the war

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President Woodrow Wilson asked Congress to send U.S. troops into battle against Germany in the First World War.  The war on Germany was declared. Over 2 million U.S. soldiers fought on battlefields in France.

The cause for this was that Germany violated its pledge to suspend unrestricted submarine warfare in the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Moreover, Germany attempted to entice Mexico into an alliance against the United States by saying they would help Mexico to regain Texas, New Mexico and Arizona.

source 1: https://history.state.gov/milestones/1914-1920/wwi
source 2: http://www.americaslibrary.gov/jb/jazz/jb_jazz_wwi_1.html
source 3: https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/wilson-asks-for-declaration-of-war

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November–December 1917: The Battle of Cambrai

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November–December 1917: The Battle of Cambrai

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The battle of Cambrai was a British offensive on the Western Front. This battle was remarkable because of its excessive use of tanks in warfare. The tanks were needed because of the rolling downland in Cambrai.

This time there was no British bombardment to warn for the attack. The British army was moved into position at night to avoid detection by German air forces.

Furthermore, cloudy weather caused difficulty during air operations throughout the day. For the initial attack, eight British divisions were launched against three German divisions.
For these reasons, the Allied forces won this battle.

source 1: https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Cambrai-1917
source 2: https://www.britannica.com/event/World-War-I/The-Western-Front-June-December-1917#ref512484

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In march 1917 the Russian government collapsed. The Russians were brought to terms with the Central Powers via the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk after the October Revolution and a military defeat.

This resulted in Russia exiting the war, which was a victory for Germany. The treaty was effectively terminated in November 1918 when Germany surrendered to the Allies.

source: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-hccc-worldhistory2/chapter/the-treaty-of-brest-litovsk/

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November 11, 1918, was Armistice day. on this day, Germany signed an armistice agreement with the Allies in Compiégne, France.

In 1919, the Treaty of Versailles officially ended ww1 and established peace between the allied powers and the central powers.

By signing the treaty of Versailles, Germany had to give territories to neighbouring countries or place them under international supervision. In addition, Germany's overseas colonies were taken away from them. Its military capabilities were severely restricted, and Germany was required to pay war reparations to the Allied countries.

Unfortunately, this same Treaty lead to World war II, because Germany felt like the treaty was too harsh on them and they could not boost their economy.

source 1: https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/world-war-i-ends
source 2: https://www.britannica.com/event/Treaty-of-Versailles-1919