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World War II Videos - Hiroshima Atomic Bomb Explosion

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6 sierpnia 1945 startująca z wyspy Tinian superforteca B-29 Enola Gay lotnictwa USA zrzuciła na miasto 4-tonową uranową bombę atomową Little Boy. On August 6 1945, the nuclear bomb Little Boy was dropped on Hiroshima by the crew of the American B-29 bomber Enola Gay.

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Phillip Walker-
Discuss the Nuremberg Trials and the Tokyo War
Crimes Trials.  

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Phillip Walker-
Discuss the Nuremberg Trials and the Tokyo War
Crimes Trials.  

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After World War II, the successful Allied governments established the first international criminal courts to prosecute high-level political officials and military authorities for war crimes and other wartime barbarisms. The four major Allied powers—France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States—set up the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg, Germany, to prosecute and punish “the major war criminals of the European Axis.” The IMT presided over a combined trial of senior Nazi political and military leaders, as well as several Nazi organizations. The lesser-known International Military Tribunal for the Far East (IMTFE) was created in Tokyo, Japan, pursuant to a 1946 proclamation by U.S. Army General Douglas MacArthur, Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers in occupied Japan. The IMTFE presided over a series of trials of senior Japanese political and military leaders pursuant to its authority “to try and punish Far Eastern war criminals.” Some Tokyo War Crimes that were committed were Attacks on Pearl Harbor, Malaya, Singapore, and Hong Kong, mass killings, chemical weapons, human experimentation, cannibalism, forced labor and comfort women.

Discuss the Formation of the United Nations and the Geneva Conventions.

The Geneva Conventions are a series of treaties on the treatment of civilians, prisoners of war (POWs) and soldiers who are otherwise rendered hors de combat, or incapable of fighting. The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization established 24 October 1945, to promote international co-operation. A replacement for the ineffective League of Nations, the organization was created following the Second World War to prevent another such conflict.

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Luke Monsivaiz - 
















1.    
Discuss the Atlantic Charter that came out of
the Atlantic Conference of 1941.  Be sure
to include: Bretton Woods-GATT, 1941–1947

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Luke Monsivaiz - 
















1.    
Discuss the Atlantic Charter that came out of
the Atlantic Conference of 1941.  Be sure
to include: Bretton Woods-GATT, 1941–1947

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The Atlantic Charter was a pivotal policy statement issued in August 14, 1941 that, early in World War II, defined the Allied goals for the post-war world. It was drafted by the leaders of the United Kingdom and the United States, and later agreed to by all the Allies of World War II. The Charter stated the ideal goals of the war: no territorial aggrandizement; no territorial changes made against the wishes of the people; restoration of self-government to those deprived of it; reduction of trade restrictions; global cooperation to secure better economic and social conditions for all; freedom from fear and want; freedom of the seas; and abandonment of the use of force, as well as disarmament of aggressor nations. In the Declaration by United Nations of 1 January 1942, the Allies pledged adherence to this charter's principles.

The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was a multilateral agreement regulating international trade that was made as a result of the Atlantic Charter. According to its preamble, its purpose was the "substantial reduction of tariffs and other trade barriers and the elimination of preferences, on a reciprocal and mutually advantageous basis." It was negotiated during the United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment and was the outcome of the failure of negotiating governments to create the International Trade Organization (ITO).

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Discuss the eventual creation of Israel and war-time conflict with Palestine.-Sam

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Discuss the eventual creation of Israel and war-time conflict with Palestine.-Sam

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-Social and political developments in Europe convinced Jews they needed their own country, and their ancestral homeland seemed like the right place to establish it. The Ottoman Empire was hostile towards Jews, resulting in Zionism. (During World War II the Jews felt they needed a place of refuge.)

-Soon after President Truman took office, he appointed several experts to study the Palestinian issue. In the summer of 1946, Truman established a special cabinet committee who entered into negotiations with a British committee to discuss the future of Palestine.

-In May 1946, Truman announced his approval of a recommendation to admit 100,000 displaced persons into Palestine and in October publicly declared his support for the creation of a Jewish state.

-Throughout 1947, the United Nations Special Commission on Palestine examined the Palestinian question and recommended the partition of Palestine into a Jewish and an Arab state.

-On November 29, 1947 the United Nations adopted Resolution 181 (also known as the Partition Resolution) that would divide Great Britain’s former Palestinian mandate into Jewish and Arab states in May 1948 when the British mandate was scheduled to end.

-Under the resolution, the area of religious significance surrounding Jerusalem would remain a corpus separatum under international control administered by the United Nations, resulting in the creation of Israel.

-Israelis and Palestinians have failed to reach a final peace agreement. The remaining key issues are: mutual recognition, borders, security, water rights, control of Jerusalem, Israeli settlements, Palestinian freedom of movement, and resolving Palestinian claims of a right of return for their refugees.

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Luke Monsivaiz - 
Discuss the United States Bracero Program during
WWII.  Why was this initiated?  Who was involved?  How did the program come to an end?

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Luke Monsivaiz - 
Discuss the United States Bracero Program during
WWII.  Why was this initiated?  Who was involved?  How did the program come to an end?

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The Bracero Program was a series of laws and diplomatic agreements,

initiated by an exchange of diplomatic notes between the United States and Mexico in August 1942, for the importation of temporary contract laborers from Mexico to the United States. Roosevelt met with the Mexican president Manuel Camacho to discuss Mexico as part of the Allies in WWII and the bracero program.

The program was initially prompted by a demand for manual labor during World War II and began with the U.S. government bringing in a few hundred experienced Mexican agricultural laborers to harvest sugar beets in the Stockton, California area. The program soon spread to cover most of the United States and provided workers for the agricultural labor market (with the notable exception being Texas, which initially opted out of the program in preference to an "open border" policy, and was denied braceros by the Mexican government until 1947 due to perceived mistreatment of Mexican laborers).

By 1945, the quota for the agricultural program was more than 75,000 braceros working in the U.S. railroad system and 50,000 braceros working in U.S. agriculture at any one time. Congress voted the program out of existence in 1964, under mounting criticism for exploiting Mexican workers and depriving American workers of jobs. One of the factors spurring action by Congress was a September 1963 bus accident near Chualar in the Salinas Valley, killing 32 people, mostly braceros, and injuring 25. It was the worst road accident in U.S. history. The bus was an illegally converted flatbed truck, which was typical of the unsafe conditions braceros had to endure.

- Zoot Suit Riots

The Zoot Suit Riots were a series of riots in 1943 during World War II that broke out in Los Angeles, California, between Anglo American sailors and Marines stationed in the city, and Latino youths, who were recognizable by the zoot suits they favored. Mexican Americans and European-American military personnel were the main parties in the riots, and some African American and Filipino/Filipino American youths were involved as well. The Zoot Suit Riots were in part the effect of the infamous Sleepy Lagoon murder trial, which followed the death of a young Latino man in a barrio near Los Angeles. The incident triggered similar attacks against Latinos in Beaumont, Chicago, San Diego, Oakland, Detroit, Evansville, Philadelphia, and New York City.

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3) Discuss the impact of WWII on
African-Americans. How did WWII specifically lead to new opportunities? What
controversial decision would President Truman make after the war? Be sure to
include the Tuskegee Airmen. Could you make the argument that WWII caused the
Civil Rights Movement? (Megan)

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3) Discuss the impact of WWII on
African-Americans. How did WWII specifically lead to new opportunities? What
controversial decision would President Truman make after the war? Be sure to
include the Tuskegee Airmen. Could you make the argument that WWII caused the
Civil Rights Movement? (Megan)

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African Americans:

During WWII, they served in a segregated US military that worked in transport and armored units in Europe. They performed well in battle. Participation did not gain them any civil rights. African Americans on the home front worked in filling industrial jobs that had been left by whites that had been drafted, and played an important part in the production for the war.

-Tuskegee Airmen squadron= name of a group of African-American military pilots (fighter and bombers) who fought in World War II. The Army accepted black enlistees but created separate black infantry regiments and assigned white commanders to them. The Army Air Corps' black fighter wing was completely separate, training at an all black university at Tuskegee, Alabama. The Navy segregated Negro units and gave them the most minor jobs on ships. In war, segregation broke down as early as Pearl Harbor, when a negro seaman rushed to the deck and started firing a machinegun until all of the ammunition was out and then abandoned ship. The Navy later gave him a medal. The Tuskegee Airmen were assigned to North Africa and later to Italy. They flew 200 bomber escort missions over southern Europe without allowing a single bomber to be shot down by enemy fighters. Their longest mission took them over Berlin where they encountered at least eight of the new, fast jet fighters. They shot down two and damaged the other five. The unit received two Presidential citations, and individual flyers received 150 medals.

Decision of President Truman: - He desegregated the army.

-On July 26, Truman followed up by signing Executive Order 9981, establishing the President’s Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity in the Armed Services. It was coupled with Executive Order 9980, creating a Fair Employment Board charged with eliminating racial bias in federal employment.

-It took the army many years after that to follow the executive order and for the army to be fully desegregated.

- South tried to oppose, but failed. Not really any opposition in the North

WWII Cause of Civil Rights Movement

-It was a direct cause of the Civil Rights Movement. In WWII, African Americans were given new jobs and opportunities since so many other men had gone off to war. Also some black men went off to fight in the war for America, and would have expected more equal outlook of color upon return. After the war when men returned those jobs were given back to white men

Tuskegee Airmen

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4) Discuss the Contributions of women in WWII and the impact
this would have on gender in the United States. Be sure to include the
following: Rose the Riveter, WOW, WAVES, and WAC. (Megan)

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4) Discuss the Contributions of women in WWII and the impact
this would have on gender in the United States. Be sure to include the
following: Rose the Riveter, WOW, WAVES, and WAC. (Megan)

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-More women were seen in uniform
-Military also organized women into auxiliary units with special uniforms, own officers, and equal pay

-By 1945, more than 250,000 women had joined the Women's Army Corps (WAC), the Army Nurses Corps, Women Accepted for Voluntary Emergency Service (WAVES), the Navy Nurses Corps, the Marines, and the Coast Guard. Most women who joined the armed services either filled traditional women's roles, such as nursing, or replaced men in non-combat jobs.

-Women also substituted for men on the home front.

-WAC: Women’s Army Corps

-WAVES: Women Accepted for Voluntary Emergency Services

-WOW: Women’s Ordnance Worker - worked especially in manufacturing of weapons

-Rosie the Riveter: star of a government campaign aimed at recruiting female workers for the munitions industry

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(7) Discuss the Key US Generals and their roles in the European side of WW2 - Blake 

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(7) Discuss the Key US Generals and their roles in the European side of WW2 - Blake 

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Dwight D. Eisenhower

A U.S. Army general who held the position of supreme Allied commander in Europe, among many others. Eisenhower was perhaps best known for his work in planning Operation Overlord, the Allied invasion of Europe. After the war, he was a very popular figure in the United States and was elected to two terms as U.S. president, taking office in 1953.

General Patten

George Smith Patton, Jr. (November 11, 1885 – December 21, 1945) was a United States Army general, who commanded the Seventh United States Army in the Mediterranean and European Theaters of World War II, but is best known for his leadership of the Third United States Army in France and Germany following the Allied invasion of NORMANDY.

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(8) Discuss the Key US Generals and their roles in the Pacific side of WW2 - Blake 

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(8) Discuss the Key US Generals and their roles in the Pacific side of WW2 - Blake 

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James Doolittle

A U.S. Army general best known for leading the famous “Doolittle Raid” in 1942, in which B-25 bombers were launched from an aircraft carrier to bomb Japan and then crash-landed in China.

Curtis LeMay

The commander of the U.S. Air Force’s 21st Bomber Command in the Pacific theater during World War II. LeMay is best known for developing the U.S. strategy of using massive incendiary bomb attacks on Japanese cities in order to break the Japanese will near the end of the war.

Doughlas McArthur

Douglas MacArthur was an American five-star general and Field Marshal of the Philippine Army. He was Chief of Staff of the United States Army during the 1930s and played a prominent role in the Pacific theater during World War II by leading the Island Hopping Campaign.

The Bataan Death March inspired MacArthur for his Island Hopping Campaign

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Discuss the factors that led up to the attack on Pearl Harbor. Research beyond direct relations between Japan and the US. What atrocities did Japanese forces commit in other Asian Nations?  GIORGI

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Discuss the factors that led up to the attack on Pearl Harbor. Research beyond direct relations between Japan and the US. What atrocities did Japanese forces commit in other Asian Nations?  GIORGI

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War between the US and Japan was a possibility since the 1920’s. Serious tension did not begin until 1931 with Japan’s invasion of Manchuria in China. Western media reported the events with accounts of atrocities such as bombing civilians, or firing upon shell-shocked survivors. Japan slowly expanded into China over the next decade. In 1940 Japan invaded French Indochina in an attempt to isolate them from the US’s import of purchase war supplies. This caused the US to embargo all oil exports to Japan. Japan predicted it had less than two years of oil remaining. Japan would either need to agree to the United State’s policies or use force to gain access to the resources it needed. Japan had long looked to its neighbors for invasion but would consequently face US intervention. Japan concluded that an attack on Pearl Harbor would be a preventative measure in order to ensure the US stay out of the Japan’s conquest of the Pacific island nations.

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Evaluate FDR's response to the Pearl Harbor Attack- Paulette 

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Evaluate FDR's response to the Pearl Harbor Attack- Paulette 

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FDR was in the Oval Study of the White House when he got a call saying that Pearl Harbor was under attack. FDR outraged by this event but said that, that would be the kind of attack the Japanese would choose to make. He responded saying that he would go to Congress the following day to ask for a declaration of war against Japan. But then after that both Germany and Italy (partners of Japan) declared war on the US.

FDR did all he to convince the American people that the US had to play an active role in World affairs.  He felt it was critical the US continue to strive for peace and prosperity after the war was over. FDR sought to work with our friends and allies to build the necessary institutions to reorder the world's economic system and facilitate great power Cooperation in the postwar world.

FDR Said: "Freedom means the supremacy of human rights everywhere. Our support goes to those who struggle to gain those rights or keep them... To that high concept there can be no end save victory."

Conspiracy theorists hold that FDR’s calm was the result of foreknowledge. He knew Pearl Harbor was coming and let it happen, they say. Or he tricked the Japanese into the attack, as a means to draw the US into the larger world conflict But there was no document or credible witness discovered that prove either claim.

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Jake Sevier- OTHER than the atomic bomb, discuss various technological advancements that came out of WWII (be SURE to include the developement of Sonar).

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Jake Sevier- OTHER than the atomic bomb, discuss various technological advancements that came out of WWII (be SURE to include the developement of Sonar).

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Sonar: They detect things under water by sound radar. The sonar was developed by the British, so they would be able to protect themselves from German submarines

Aircraft Carriers: Newly designed aircraft carriers were equipped with greater range and a heavier striking power. Some older ships were newly crafted to be up to date

Medicine: penicillin was created during WWII to fight bacteria.

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Discuss the Manhattan Project. When did it begin? Who was involved? When was the bomb tested? Finally, WHY did President Truman make the decision to use the bomb? What was the Potsdam Conference?----Sam

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Discuss the Manhattan Project. When did it begin? Who was involved? When was the bomb tested? Finally, WHY did President Truman make the decision to use the bomb? What was the Potsdam Conference?----Sam

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The Manhattan Projectwas a research and development project that produced the first atomic bomb during WWII.

It was led by the U.S. with the support of the United Kingdom and Canada.

1942 to 1946.

The project was under the direction of Major General Leslie Groves of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer was the scientific director that designed the actual bombs.

It was first tested in New Mexico, March 1944.

President Truman finally decided to use the atomic bomb to end the war. American soldiers and civilians were weary from four years of war, yet the Japanese military was refusing to give up their fight. Truman's thoughts were the bomb would cause the Japanese to surrender and in the long-run save more Allied servicemen lives (as well as Axis Power servicemen's lives).

Potsdam Conference-The Big Three(Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill , and U.S. President Harry Truman) met in Potsdam, Germany, from July 17 to August 2, 1945, to negotiate terms for the end of World War II. The negotiators confirmed the status of a demilitarized and disarmed Germany under four zones of Allied occupation. The Potsdam Conference dealt with the revision of the German-Soviet-Polish borders and the expulsion of several million Germans from the disputed territories.In addition to settling matters related to Germany and Poland, the Potsdam negotiators approved the formation of a Council of Foreign Ministers that would act on behalf of the United States, Great Britain, the Soviet Union, and China to draft peace treaties with Germany’s former allies. This is where Japan threatened to fight till the end so the US told them we had something big (atomic bomb).

Underneath is Physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer, whom reminds me of Sheldon Cooper

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Jake Sevier- Discuss how involvement in WWII effectively ended the Great Depression. Be sure to include specifics about wartime production. 

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Jake Sevier- Discuss how involvement in WWII effectively ended the Great Depression. Be sure to include specifics about wartime production. 

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During the war the United States and their allies were in need of supplies. The supplies that America was making gave millions of jobs, in the industrial business. This is significant, because during the Great Depression millions of Americans lost their jobs, which was a major effect. Also, when the United States joined WWII it opened up nearly 10 million jobs for Americans to fill. The war industries board was, a government agency made in WWI to coordinate the purchase of war supplies. The organization encouraged companies to use mass prodution techniques to increase efficiency and urged them to eliminate waste by standardizing products.

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Employed by ordnance war plants across the United States to work on the assembly lines which produced military weapons and ammunition.