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In conclusion, i disagree to a large extent as diseases are much more impactful in terms of pulling the number of tourists down globally from travelling to another country due to the many restrictions and risks from the disease compared to disasters. An example of a disease is Covid-19, where because of this pandemic, safety is prioritised among the tourists and there are many restrictions imposed such as a country lockdown. Whereas, disasters occur occasionally and the recovery period is different for many different country so the more well-developed countries can recover at a smaller period of time such as a year or few months.

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I disagree with the statement. This is because disaster can only last a month as diseases can last for 2-3 years . For example, Covid19 lasts for more than 2 years. Disease can also spread easily , disaster can only occur at that specific country. To add on, diseases can lead to many people getting affected and cause many problems especially when there are tourists in the country. Many people will think that the tourists brought the disease to that country. ?.??.?.? Idk

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i do not agree with this statement as the disease affects tourism world widely as compared to natural disasters where is only affects certain region. natural disasters like volcano eruptions occurs rarely and countries might be able to recover quickly. however diseases like the covid 19 virus occurs slightly more frequently and is easily transmissable among people.

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I agree with the statement that regional fluctuations in tourism numbers is largely due to disasters. Disasters causes a greater impact and it takes a longer time for the countries to recover from the impact. On the other hand, disasters affect countries on a smaller scaled as developed countries are able to control the spread of diseases. Disasters occur more frequently compared to diseases, thus regional fluctuations is largely due to disasters.

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Diseases are another element that contributes to regional variations in tourist numbers. Diseases are life-threatening viruses or germs. When a country is plagued by diseases, no tourists want to visit since it puts their lives in jeopardy, and the economy suffers as a result. Covid - 19 is an example of an illness that has had a global impact.

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Diseases can be the one other factor for fluctuation. As people may not want to have the diease as people will try to stay away from the country that is infected by the diease. For example, if someone go to the country that have the diease, they might back the diease back to their own country and if any case that the diease spread even further, the country will have to shut down and no tourist can come in and nobody can go to the other countries. Therefore, diease is one of the factor for fluctuation.

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In conclusion, I agree with the statement to a large extent. This is because economic recessions do not pose great danger to the lives of others as compared to disasters. Some people with stable incomes may still choose to travel overseas.

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However, there are other factors that lead to fluctuations in tourist numbers. One of the many reasons is political situations. Unfavourable political situations can result in political conflicts between 2 or more countries, which can greatly affect the tourism numbers due to disagreements in the countries. these political conflicts can cause disruptions to services and damages to infrastructures that can prevent tourists from visiting certain countries or locals from visiting certain countries. An example of this would be the 2011 Libya civil war that involved disagreements between forces and resulted in no-fly zone in Libya which restricted tourists from visiting Libya.

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I disagree with the statement. Disasters affect only the country who experienced it and maybe neighbouring countries only. While, global recession affects many countries in different parts of the world, causing their economies to slow down or shrink. It can be seen that the global recession has a larger impact on discouraging tourists to visit the country then disaster.

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I think it is not true to a large extent that regional fluctuations in tourist numbers is largely due to disasters.

Disasters last for a few minutes or hours when they suddenly occur at a place. When the disaster is over, infrastructure will be destroyed and there would be loss of lives. However, after weeks or months after the disaster had occurred, the disaster may not occur again but a lot of infrastructure will need to be repaired or built and people need to ensure safety in the countries. For diseases, they can last for about one to two years which is longer than the duration of disasters. It will take a very long time to control disease outbreaks as diseases can spread easily and infect a large number of people. If disease outbreaks takes a long time to be controlled, tourists may not want to travel to countries where disease outbreaks are still happening until the outbreaks can be controlled. When tourists do not travel to other countries for a very long time, there will still be a decrease in the number of tourists travelling to other countries for a long time. This will make fluctuations to tourism occur for a long time. For example, when an earthquake occured in Japan in March 2011, it affected tourism for about a year but for the COVID-19 pandemic, it affected tourism for more than one year. Therefore, regional fluctuations in tourists number is not largely due to disasters.

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Yes. I agree with the statement. There have been many disasters that have caused the loss of lives and many injured.
The number of natural disasters will soon increase due to global warming, thus decreasing tourist numbers.

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Another factor is recession. It generally slowdown in economic activities and many people experience a loss of income or jobs. This decline of income causes people to cut back in spending. Leading to decline in demand for goods and services. Therefore, people are less likely to travel overseas during recession. Resulting In fewer international tourists. An example is global recession, it affects around the world example global financial crisis in USA

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therefore in the end, i would like to conclude by stating my stand that i strongly disagree to this statement. this is because diseases, compared to disasters affect and spreads to more people. people can avoid disasters by evacuating in time however people cannot escape from diseases. although some disasters take time to recover from, diseases are stagnant for a longer period of time and may take even longer to recover from. therefore i disagree with the stand that regional fluctuations in tourist numbers is largely due to disasters

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However, another factor lead to fluctuations in tourist numbers is having a disease outbreak. When there is an outbreak about a disease, tourists will not go to the countries that has the outbreak as the disease can spread easily (?). To add on, other countries will make a confirmation whether they can go to the country so that it’s safe for them to go to the country. For example, Malaysia and Singapore let their citizens to go to each others countries after 2 years of pandemic of the Covid19 outbreak. L

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countries with less economic and political stability receive less tourist demand because of economic downturns and terrorist actions. political unrest has a severe impact on a country's tourism industry, it disrupts domestic and international travel and suffocates the sector's economic benefits. Thus there would be a decline in the number of international tourists due to Violent protests, social unrest, civil war, terrorist actions and violations of human rights.

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another factor that leads to fluctuations in tourists number would be diseases. diseases might cause the tourisits to stay at thier home country. these diseases also pose a health risk and might cause them to catch the various viruses. a really good example would be the covid 19 pandemic. this pandemic caused the tourists numbers to drop drastically and stop tourism for a while. the viruses spreaded really quickly and some countries went into to lockdown to prevent further transmissions. thus the tourists numbers dropped as diseases prevent overseas travel

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However, another factor causing regional fluctuations in tourist numbers is economic recessions. Economic recessions refers to a period when the economy of a country is not successful and conditions for business are bad. This causes many people to be unemployed and are not earning any income so they will choose not to travel out of the country. However, this can encourage domestic tourism and can help to improve the country’s economy.

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I agree that regional fluctuations in tourist numbers are largely due to disasters.  Disasters are events that cause great damage to properties and can cause injuries or the loss of lives. There are many disasters that contribute to the fluctuation in tourist numbers. such as earthquakes, tsunamis and floods. When such disasters happen, Properties in those areas will be destroyed and people who have survived the disaster would have to evacuate or be forced to live in deplorable conditions. One example is Indonesia in 2020 when they experienced floods. According to data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) , foreign arrivals to Indonesia dropped by 75% to 4.02 million in 2020 from 16.11 million in 2019.

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Regional fluctuations in tourist  numbers are largely due to disasters and not recessions as the impact on regional fluctuation is larger when disasters take place.When recessions take place, countermeasures will take place. One countermeasure that will most likely take place is the encouragement of domestic tourism.Tourist organizations will promote domestic tourism during a recession as it will aid the country's economy and boost domestic tourism .However there are no such countermeasures when a disaster has taken place in a country. In Addition, countries that face disasters will have to rebuild their reputation and damaged tourist infrastructure. Hence Regional fluctuations in tourist  numbers are largely due to disasters and not recessions as a country that was faced with disasters will take more time to recover their original amount of tourist numbers compared to a country that was faced with recessions.

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In conclusion I disagree to a large extent to the statement as disasters are not as deadly as diseases as they do not endanger someone’s life. Since the country can evacuate tourists from the sites that faced disasters and kindly ask them to leave but diseases make locals and tourists terrified for their own safety. As some countries would not want to take in their citizens when they have a deadly disease. Additionally, even though a country faces a major disaster, many people all over the world would contribute by coming down to the country and physically help out, hence benefiting the tourism industry.

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Another factor for regional fluctuations are diseases. Diseases are viruses or bacteria that are deadly. When a certain country experiences a wave of diseases spreading, no tourist would want to go to that destination which causes fluctuations in the number of tourists. an example includes, the focus on Malaria, Yellow Fever, Dengue, and Ebola, and examine their impact on tourist arrivals in affected countries. By using dummy variables, it is shown that those diseases cause a significant decline in tourist arrivals, more specifically, Malaria risk in a country leads to 47% fewer tourists to arrive. this shows how diseases can affect almost half of the tourist numbers to decrease.

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Thus I agreee with my statement that regional  fluctuations in tourists numbers is largely due to disasters. This is because by comparing the scale, disasters is of a much larger scale compared to diseases. When a disaster occurs , the impact is usually greater than that of diseases. For example when a tsunami occurs, many infrastructures and homes are lost, the economy will be negatively affected as tourists would be refrain to travel to the affected country. This results in the loss of revenue generated from tourism. While a disease , it can be cured from the vaccine or annetode from medical professionals. Thus the scale on the impact of regional fluctuations from disasters is greater than diseases.

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Another example is diseases. Diseases refers to the sudden widespread in a country that causes the drop in tourist arrivals as tourists do not want to risk getting infected. They are also discouraged from travelling to that country. An example of a disease outbreak is SARS. It discouraged tourists from travelling and business was affected. SARS caused the loss of lives in Singapore.

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disasters such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions may cause fluctuations in tourist numbers. when a country encounter such situations, most likely that the tourists will not want to travel there. it is dangerous and the country will lose its population. tourists will not be interested thus, they will unlikely visit the country. therefore, the country will lose a large number of tourists due to disasters

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The fluctuations in tourist numbers is also caused by diseases . This is so that when a country has a disease, borders are closed due to the unwated spread of the disease. Tourism numbers will decrease and people cannot travel around the world.
For example, covid-19. Almost every country had closed their borders so that the disease would not be spread around. This decrease the number of tourists travelling into the country

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Disaster lead to fluctuations in tourists as volcanoes eruptions are dangerous.  Volcanoes causes the infrastructure to be destroyed . Having a infrastructure to be destroyed can cause the economic and environmental to go downhill as tourists will not visit to countries that has less benefits to go to..? However there are places that has a historical meaning to it. (?) For example, the Roman has a building full of ashes after a volcanic eruption happened that time.

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Another factor is recession. Global recessions can be a more impactful barrier for tourists to not visit a country. A recession is a period of general slowdown in economic activities. In a recession, many people will be affected , such as loss of income or jobs. For example, the Global Financial Crisis that occurred from 2007 to 2007 caused some of the world's largest financial firms to declare bankrupt. Tourists will not have sufficient disposable income for leisure. There will be a decline in demand for goods and services. Hence, there will be a decrease in the number of international tourists.

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one other factor that leads to fluctuations
in tourism is during political situations. Political situations refers to a state of disagreement between different groups of people that may result in wars. Political conflicts pose dangers to tourists as well as residents as there may be damage to infrastructure or service disruption from the war. This greatly discourages the number of tourists to travel to the country. An instance is where governments of most countries banned their citizens from visiting Libya for
most of 2011

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Another factor is recessions. A recession is a period of general slowdown in economics activities. In a recession, many people may encounter job losses or a loss in income. This decline in income causes people to cut back on spending. This leads to a decline in the demand of goods and services. Thus people are less likely to travel overseas during a recession. For example, the European Sovereign Debt Crisis.

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—> unfavourable political situations cause greater regional fluctuations than disasters
—> easier to recover from a natural disaster than political unrest
—> this is seen when Japanese authorities confidently pointed to a recovery with international tourist arrivals almost equal to 2009 figures a year after the disaster
—> nonetheless, when places experience unfavourable political conditions, they need to rebuild their reputation through promotion, new infrastructure and improved tourist conditions which can take up to many years
—> even after recovery from unfavourable political situations, tourists would still be hesitant to visit the country as they may fear that political unrest may occur again
—> since it takes longer to recover from unfavourable political situation than disasters, I disagree with this statement to a great extent

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However another factor that affects regional fluctuations in tourists numbers is due to diseases. Diseases refers to the sudden and widespread occurrence of disease in an area.it can cause a huge drop in the number of international tourists. This is because tourists may be afraid of having the risk of getting infected. Government would also discourage tourists to go countries that has diseases outbreaks. For example the H1N1 influenza discourage tourists and cause a huge decline in the number of tourists. It has also cause businesses to postpone or cancel large scale MICE activities.

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It is true to a small extent. Disasters such as volcanic eruptions are one of the common reasons as to why tourist numbers are fluctuating. Volcanic eruptions cause massive destruction towards properties and put the lives of people near the volcanoes at a high risk of danger. There would also be air pollution due to the volcanic materials like ash to float in the air, which people are unable to clearly see. An example of this would be the eruption of Eyjafjallajokull in Iceland in 2010 that produced extensive volcanic ash clouds containing tiny particles of abrasive glass, sand and rock. these particles posed a serious danger to aircraft engines and structures and have resulted in the closure of air space over much of Europe.

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Another cause of regional fluctuations in tourist numbers is recessions. Recessions are a period of general showdown in economic activities. In a recession, many people experience loss of income or jobs.The decline in income causes people to cut back on spending,leading to a decline in demand for goods and services.Recessions can be regional or global. Recession leads to a number of effects on tourism, examples include; decrease in international tourists , reduced spending by tourists and increased unemployment. An example of recession is The European Sovereign Debt Crisis which led to the collapse of business and financial institutions and massive unemployment across countries that use euro as their national currency. Therefore,recessions are a cause of regional fluctuations in tourist numbers.

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I disagree that regional fluctuations in tourist numbers is largely due to disasters as disasters are event that causes great damage properties leading to injuries and cause great loss of life. This is Because it poses great risk to the safety of tourist and may disrupt essential tourist infrastructure. For example, by the end of 2011, Japan’s tourists number had decreased by 28 percent to6.2 million arrivals.

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I disagree with this statement as there are different reasons on why there are fluctuation in tourist numbers. It can be caused by disease and more but that do not mean disasters do not bring fluctuation in tourist. Disasters can make people feel unsafe as disasters can occur anytime so the tourist feels more save if they stay away from the country that have disaster because they also do not know when they will lose their lives if they go there.

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I disagree that regional fluctuations in tourist numbers is largely due to disasters. Disasters are events that cause great damage to properties, lead to injuries or cause loss of life. These disasters may pose greater risks to the safety of tourists and may disrupt essential tourist infrastructure. For example, the Japan earthquakes. Despite having being well known for having earthquakes, japan is well prepared to overcome the situation as soon as possible and tourist numbers are not hugely affected.

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Diseases are also another factor for regional fluctuations in tourists numbers. Diseases are viruses or bacteria that are deadly. When a country faces diseases, no tourist would want to visit as it endangers their lives, hence the country would face a major drop in their economy. An example of a disease that has affected the world globally is Covid - 19, the disease was eventually spread all over the world from china. Each country had to ensure their citizens safety, hence they closed their air transport borders. Thus, many tourists were unable to visit any countries at all and the pandemic lasted for at least 2 yrs and is still on going. Therefore, every country had faced a major set back in their tourism industry.

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When warnings of disease outbreaks are posed to tourists, tourists may not want to travel to countries with disease outbreaks as they may want to protect their health and not get these diseases so they would not want to travel to different countries. When tourists do not want to travel to other countries, it will lead to a decreasing number of tourists travelling to different countries, which will not lead to growth of tourism. When there is less tourists travelling to other countries, it will lead to fluctuations to tourism.

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Regional fluctuations in tourist numbers are largely due to disasters. Regional fluctuations is the irregular rising and falling of tourist numbers or receipts over a period of time due to certain events(one such event is disasters). Disasters are events that cause great damage to properties, lead to injury or cause great cause of life.A disaster can discourage tourists from traveling as it poses great risk to the safety of tourists. Disasters may also disrupt essential tourist infrastructure. Examples of disasters include earthquakes and tsunamis. One such example is the earthquake and tsunami that took place in Tohoku,Japan which caused the number of international tourists to dip after it happened. Months after the disaster, Japan’s total tourist arrivals had decreased by 28 percent. Hence, Regional fluctuations in tourist numbers are largely due to disasters as it leads to prominent consequences on the decrease of tourists in a certain country/ area.

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Disasters cause fluctuations in tourist numbers. natural disasters like tsunamis and earthquakes might cause tourists to avoid going to those places for a period of time. Disasters pose a health risk to those there and thus tourisits might not feel safe visiting those place. an example would be japan's 2011 earthquake the Great Tōhoku Earthquake. The disaster saw the total number of international tourism arrivals in 2011 drop by 28% from the previous year. thus causing fluctuations as toursits avoid visiting these places as they pose health risks and might not be safe.

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However, unfavourable political situations may discourage tourists from visiting. One such situation is political conflicts. It refers to a state of disagreement between different groups of people that may result in wars
—> Political conflicts pose dangers to tourists and residents
—> disrupt services and cause damage to infrastructure
—> cause tourists to postpone or cancel their travel plans
—> government authorities may also issue travel advisories - they’re official notices that discourage citizens from traveling to a particular region or country
—> example - governments if most countries banned their citizens from visiting Libya for most of 2011. At that time, a civil war was taking place in the country. In such a situation, commercial airlines reduced or stopped their flights to Libya. Between March & October 2011, there were no commercial flights into Libya’s airspace and. consequently no tourist arrivals by air

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i disagree that regional fluctuations in tourist numbers is largely due to disasters as disasters are events that causes damage to properties, lead to injuries or cause great loss of life. A disaster can discourage tourists from visiting the destination. This is because it poses great risk for them as well. It may also affect the essential tourist infrastructure. For example, in Japan total tourists arrival decreased as an earthquake struck them on March 2011.

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disasters are events that causes great damage to properties, lead to injuries and loss of lives. It can discourage tourism as it is dangerous. As a result, the risks of disasters can endanger the safety of the tourists and hence discourage tourists to enter the country . An instance is in Japan by the end of year 2011, where the number of tourist drastically dropped 28 percent due to a disaster taking place. Hence, since there is a decrease in the number of tourists, the economy will decrease as well.

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The fluctuations in tourist numbers is greatly due to to disasters. Disasters cause major damage to properties and may lead to serious injuries. This will cause a risk to tourists who travel into a country going through disasters. For example the tsunami in Bail, Indonesia. In 2004 there was a tsunami which many had lost their lifes or were seriously injured. Most of the people there were tourists as it is a hotspot for tourism.

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A disaster is a serious problem occurring over a short or long period of time that puts human life at risk, causes damage and disruption to material, economy  and also leads to environmental loss which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources. Thus i agree to a large extent that regional fluctuations in tourist numbers is largely due to disasters. Natural disasters can have long-term effects on people's lives, and as a result, the tourist industry may suffer as a result of reduced labor force, damage to tourism facilities, or a deteriorated destination choice as a result of poor crisis situation.

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Disasters are events that causes great damage to properties and can cause injuries or the loss of lives. This discourages the tourists from travelling there as it is a great risk to tourists safety. For example, Japan as Japan experienced an earthquake that caused a tsunami and a nuclear meltdown. This affected the tourist industries as tourists would not travel to that country. Thus Japan was not able to earn income from tourism.

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I agreee to a large extent that regional fluctuations in tourists numbers is largely due to disasters. Disasters are events that damages properties and lead to loss of lives. Disasters poses risks to safety of tourists and may disrupt essential tourist infrastructure. For example in March 2011, Japan experienced a severe earthquake which resulted in tsunami and nuclear meltdown in the Tohoku region. This had resulted in a sharp decline in the number of international tourists. Citizens from the affected country would be discourage to travel overseas. An example would be South Korea whose 1 third of tourists come from Japan. Due to the earthquake in Japan. Koreas lost a significant amount of international tourists that year.

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I disagree to a great extent that disasters can cause regional fluctuations in tourist numbers. Disasters may discourage tourists from visiting that country as it poses greater risks to the safety of tourists and disasters may disrupt essential tourist infrastructure such as transport infrastructure. For example, in March 2011 Earthquake and tsunami in Tohoku,Japan. A month after the earthquake, the number of international tourists continued to dip. The dip happened despite the fact that April is usually a peak season in Japan for tourists. April is the month when cherry blossoms often start blooming.

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Disasters are events that cause great damage to properties, lead to injuries or cause great loss of life. A disaster can discourage tourists from visiting a destination. This is because it poses greater risk to the safety of tourists and may disrupt essential tourists infrastructure. An example is the eruption of Mount Merapi in 2010 which resulted in an almost 50 percent decrease in visitor numbers for many tourist attractions in Yogyakarta and Central Java.

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When these dangers of disasters are posed to tourists and disasters disrupt tourism infrastructure, tourists may not want to travel to countries where disasters occur as they may feel that they would not be safe to travel to these countries due to the dangers that may affect tourists. When tourists do not want to travel to other countries, it will lead to a decreasing number of tourists travelling to countries, which will not lead to growth of tourism. When less tourists travel to different countries, it will lead to fluctuations to tourism.

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I disagree to a large extent that regional fluctuations in tourist number is largely due to disasters. Disasters such as earthquakes, landslide and tsunami will destroy many of the country’s hot spot locations, hence tourists are unable to visit. The disasters also leave a huge damage to the whole country’s economy and may delay air transport too. An example is Japan earthquakes, despite the country being well known for having earthquakes, they are well prepared for them and efficient in handling the damage quickly to ensure that tourism isn’t delayed for a long time.

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I disagree to a great extent. Disasters are events that cause great damage to properties to injuries or cause great loss of lives. This is because it poses greater risks to the safety of tourists and may disrupt essential tourist infrastructure. For example, in March 2011, earthquake and tsunami hit Tohoku, Japan. A month after the earthquake, the number of international tourists continued to decrease. The dip happened despite the fact that April is usually a peak season in Japan for tourists. By the end of 2011, Japan’s total tourist arrivals has decreased by 28% to 6.2 million arrivals.