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Augustus was the founder of the Roman Empire himself. Augustus, who has the longest reign of 41 years from 27 BC to 14 AD. Born under the name Octavian, he was given the name Augustus by the Senate as an honor for his great achievements. He went on to avenge the death of Caesar together with Mark Antony, before falling out with him. He defeated Mark Antony and the famous Egyptian queen Cleopatra and afterwards, together with the Roman Senate, created a new constitution for the great empire.

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Considered to be the last of the “Five Good Emperors,” and a stoic philosopher. Marcus Aurelius ruled the Roman Empire from 161 to 180 AD. During his reign, the empire defeated a revitalized Parthian Empire in the east, and in central Europe. He triumphed over the Marcomanni, Quadi, and Sarmatians in the Marcomannic Wars, just as the threat from the Germanic tribes became troubling. A possible revolt in the east led by Avidius Cassius might have caused serious issues if it had gained momentum, but Aurelius suppressed it immediately.

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Tiberius was one of Rome’s greatest generals, conquering Pannonia, Dalmatia, Raetia, and temporarily, parts of Germania, laying the foundations for the northern frontier. Emperor from 14 to 37 AD, Tiberius Claudius Nero was the son of Livia Drusilla. He was adopted by Augustus as his heir, and that was when he took the name Tiberius Julius Caesar. He was remembered as a dark, reclusive, and somber ruler who never really wanted to be emperor, having the responsibility thrust upon him. Rather than embarking on expensive conquests, he decided to build additional bases and use diplomacy over conflict.

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His rule began during one of the most troubled times in Roman history as the Romans were just recovering from the antics of infamous emperors like Nero and Caligula, and a civil war that saw four emperors in a single year. A famous Roman emperor, Vespasian’s reign lasted from 69 to 79 AD. He founded the Flavian dynasty that went on to rule the Roman Empire for 27 years. A down-to-earth man himself, and a competent general who had proved his mettle on the battlefield, Vespasian was handed the task of bringing balance to Rome. And during his rule of 10 years, he did just that, earning his name as one of the greatest Roman emperors.

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A self-confident joker and wealthy self-made man. Made a small fortune out of a chain of bakeries in first-century BC Rome. Constructed a large, expensive tomb that's still standing that takes the shape of baking equipment. Still standing near the Porta Maggiore in Rome. Around the top there is a detailed frieze with scenes of work in the bakery. There is the Latin inscription: “This is the tomb of Marcus Vergilius Eurysaces, the baker and contractor¨

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Caecilius Jucundus was a banker in Pompeii. His revealing account books were preserved in the eruption of Vesuvius in AD79. A canny wheeler and dealer – moneylender, auctioneer and payday loan man. He made his profit by simultaneously taking commission from sellers at his auctions and by lending cash to the buyers, on interest. He has become the unlikely hero of young Latin learners as the lead character in the most popular Latin course in the country – the Cambridge Latin Course.

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His real name was Gaius and he hated the nickname Caligula which means ¨Bootikins¨. The name was given to him by the soldiers in the army camps. Briefly ruled the Roman world between AD37 and AD41. He may have been the emperor to have slept with his sisters and wanted to make his horse a senator. Most of this was invented or embroidered after a palace conspiracy that ended with Gaius’s assassination.

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For those who could afford it, breakfast would be eaten very early, it would consist of salted bread, milk, or wine, and perhaps dried fruit, eggs, or cheese. It wasn't eaten often especially by those who couldn't afford it.

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The Roman lunch, a quick meal eaten around noon, could include salted bread or could be eaten with fruit, salad, eggs, meat or fish, vegetables, and cheese.

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The dinner , the main meal of the day, would be accompanied by wine, usually well-watered. An ordinary upper-class dinner would include meat, vegetables, eggs, and fruit. Comissatio was a final wine course at dinner's end. In ancient Rome the lettuce and the egg courses could be served first as the appetizer.

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Men and women immersed themselves in water baths and then smeared their bodies with scented olive oils. They used a metal or reed scraper called a strigil to remove any remaining oil or grime. Bathing in Rome was a public activity while the richer had baths of their own. Balneum, small bathhouses, could be privately owned and people could take a bath there with reimbursement and they were designed primarily for neighborhood. Bath houses were a place where people could talk, socialize and make business. An average Roman would go there once a day.

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Spiculus was a skilled fighter, with many wins against skilled adversaries, however, his winnings were a lot greater than other gladiators. He was a favorite of the Emperor Nero, who lavished him with gifts. Spiculus’ fighting ability awarded him many riches and even palaces to live in when he wasn’t fighting. Nero saw his power was gone and he would soon be overthrown as emperor so he requested for Spiculus to end his life. Spiculus did not respond to his request and Nero was forced to take his own life.

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One of the many freemen who willingly became a gladiator instead of by slavery. Attilius was a young novice who was sure to lose his first fight against Hilarus, an imperial gladiator who had already won 12 battles. But against all odds he came out on top of the battle and won. From this, Attilius went on to defeat other gladiators, including Lucius Raecius Felix, who also won 12 previous battles. He proved that just because you’re young doesn’t mean you’re far less superior.

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Spartacus was sold into slavery and trained at a gladiatorial school. He is arguably the most famous Roman gladiator, a tough fighter who led a massive slave rebellion. Spartacus was simply a man who had endured enough of the Roman institution of slavery. And one day, decided he would endure no more. He was a strong, successful fighter, who enjoyed many victories in the arena before, in 73 BC, he led 70 of his fellow gladiators in a revolt against their owner.

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A major attraction and a remarkable archaeological site in present-day Lebanon. Baalbek is considered as one of the most spectacular wonders of the ancient world. It also happens to be one of the largest, most prestigious, and most well preserved Roman Temples built in the ancient Roman era. The first of the Baalbek temples was constructed in the first century BC and over the next 200 years. he largest temple among them was the Temple of Jupiter, which had 54 huge granite columns, each one around 70 feet tall.

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The building was built by the famous Roman emperor Diocletian in preparation for his retirement. Diocletian was the first Roman emperor who voluntarily retired from his position, citing declining health issues. The palace covers around 705 feet from east to west and its walls are about 85 feet high. At a time when the Roman civilization was in transition from the classical to the medieval era, architects were able to incorporate different building styles that had been used over the ages. Diocletian’s Palace is one of the most popular archaeological attractions in Croatia, and also a world heritage site as declared by UNESCO.

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Named after the famous former governor of the city of Ephesus. The Library of Celsus was actually a monumental tomb dedicated to Gaius Julius Celsus Polemaeanus. This amazing piece of Roman architecture was constructed on the orders of Celsus’ son Gaius Julius Aquila. It was also a popular repository for important documents and at the height of its use. The Library of Celsus housed over 12,000 different scrolls.

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When the famous amphitheater, the Colosseum, was built in ancient Rome, it had an area of 620 by 523 feet. It was the largest amphitheater of its time. The construction of the Colosseum, the largest and most popular ancient Roman monument began during the reign of Emperor Vespasian in 72 AD. By the time it was finished by his son Titus in 80 AD, a never-before-seen amphitheater with a seating capacity of over 50,000 was ready for use. It is said that its opening ceremony – the grandest of all spectacles – lasted for about 100 days.

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Rome’s greatest enemy of all and a constant thorn in the side of the burgeoning power throughout his life. Hannibal bested the Romans on multiple occasions. His attack on Saguntum in what is now northern Spain, lead to the start of the Second Punic War. The most legendary of Hannibal’s achievements, however, was his crossing from Hispania through both the Pyrenees and the Alps with a massive army. Though he never brought Rome down wholesale, victories such as the one above and a near coup de grâce at Cannae gave Hannibal a legendary status in Roman society.

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Alaric is most famous for the 410 AD sacking of Rome, yet what he wanted above all was to be accepted into the Empire. The Visigoths he ruled had come into Roman territory by agreement in 376 AD. In 378 AD they inflicted a crushing defeat, killing Emperor Valens at Adrianople. He was never defeated by the Romans, usually fighting in response to what he saw as broken promises for settlement lands and rights. Even the sacking of Rome was reluctant and restrained – he sat outside the city for nearly two years.

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As Gaul was beginning to be fully governed over by Rome, a notoriously stubborn chieftain by the name of Vercingetorix began the final bloody revolt in 52 BC. Rallying under his banner every tribe that was willing to resist, he had managed to score a victory over the general named Julius. Exhausted and with his army nearly diminished, he had returned to Alesia to rest, only to be greeted a short while later by Julius with newly arrived Roman reinforcements that begun the Siege of Alesia. Vercingetorix decided to allow himself be arrested in order to spare what he could of his countrymen. He was imprisoned for five years, before Julius Caesar brought him in Rome’s square in 46 BC to be strangled in front of a raving crowd.