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US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. “What Is Coral Bleaching?” NOAA's National Ocean Service, 15 Mar. 2010, https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/coral_bleach.html.

“What Are Corals?” National Parks Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, https://www.nps.gov/teachers/classrooms/what-are-corals.htm.

“The Causes of Climate Change.” NASA, NASA, 30 Nov. 2021, https://climate.nasa.gov/causes/.

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Natural disasters can displace homes that people live in, and also cost a lot of money in damages. Better infrastructure can help with mitigating the issue of home displacement, but this issue must be properly addressed- the impact that climate change has on natural catastrophes. Of course, the question lies in not how much addressing we need to do, but what action must be taken in general, to help real human lives.

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In addition, wildfires are also an instance where a lot of damage can be done. Wildfires can produce copious amounts of smoke into the air, as well as airborne particles which carry the likelihood of harming people’s lungs. According to “How Wildfires Hurt Our Health”, on Pg 319 of the SFUSD Chemistry Textbook, “Airborne particles from smoke affect everyone. Young and old, people with previous health conditions or those that are in the best of health. Breathing when there are high levels of particles in the air can cause a runny nose, burning eyes and a scratchy throat. It can also cause headaches and asthma-like symptoms.” Not to mention, these symptoms can be exacerbated for people living with medical conditions, making life difficult. California's wildfires are very much connected with dryness, heat, and drought- the more these aspects are experienced in the weather conditions, and the harsher they occur, the more likely it is that fires will start. Additionally, fires like the ones that happen commonly in California during dry periods are what release carbon dioxide into the air.

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3. Graph 1. In graph one, the graph measuring human-influenced factors, we also see a correlation with greenhouse gas emissions and observed temperature. This correlation between the two measured variables is the strongest out of all other factors in the first graph.

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2. The greenhouse effect. Scientifically, we know about an
effect called the “greenhouse effect” where heat gets trapped in the earth's atmosphere. Solar energy can contribute to this, but also gases such as methane, and carbon dioxide. Human activities and influences directly affect the amount of carbon dioxide being released. Deforestation and fossil fuel use are two direct examples- burning fossil fuels, such as coal, go into the air and combine with oxygen to make CO2. Moreover, large amounts of methane gas can be put out into the atmosphere as a consequence of human industry and development. For instance, the animal meat industry (domestic livestock, such as cows) and landfills are both large contributors of methane. Furthermore, agricultural production in general also releases methane.

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1. Graph 3. In the third graph, measuring all factors (human influenced and natural factors), the observed temperature of the earth goes up as measured human factors go up. Around halfway to 2000 and 2010 (2005) there is a spike in human factors. Observed temperature mirrors this spike. This shows us that overall, increases in human activity will go alongside increases in overall observed temperature.

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Chemical evidence that human activity has strongly impacted the climate on earth:

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Chemical evidence that human activity has strongly impacted the climate on earth:

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(from Station 2, Natural Disasters, pg 305, Ch9)

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2. Natural disasters. With increased global temperatures,    more natural disasters have been observed, as well as more extreme climate events regionally. These have manifested in different occurrences. For instance, more floods were examined from the time periods of 1990-1999 to 2010-2019, as well as an increase in extreme temperature events, as shown in the graph to the right.

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Algae and Coral Polyps have a symbiotic relationship, the small algae providing food and nutrients for the Corals. When the corals get stressed due to an environmental change such as drastic change in temperature, this microscopic algae gets ejected from the Coral. This is coral bleaching, and without help from the algae, Coral Polyps are left extremely vulnerable and susceptible to death.

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Coral bleaching directly relates to this, too.

Corals are polyps, which means that they are living creatures, similar to animals. They need comfortable, non-stressful conditions in their environment to thrive and live properly in the ocean. Coral reefs are areas where many of these corals live, create energy for themselves, and provide homes for other living organisms. Coral reefs are vital ecosystems with complex, moving parts, like any other ecosystem that exists. This makes corals crucial to the survival of numerous species, which rely on coral reefs for survival. However, hotter ocean temperatures cause “coral to eject the algae it hosts within its body”. (Simmons, Daisy. “The Great Barrier Reef's Color Is Fading " Yale Climate Connections.” Yale Climate Connections, 27 Apr. 2021, https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2016/10/the-great-barrier-reefs-color-is-fading/.)

(from SFUSD Textbook, Global Impact 3: Oceans, pg 320, Ch9).

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(“Usgcrp Indicator Details.” GlobalChange.gov, https://www.globalchange.gov/browse/indicators/global-sea-level-rise.)

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Physical evidence that human activity has strongly impacted the climate on earth:

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Physical evidence that human activity has strongly impacted the climate on earth:

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1. With the change in temperature of the earth over time, the ocean has gotten warmer and warmer. Sea level rise has had an increased level of change since 1880. This is physical evidence that human activity has impacted the climate on earth. Moreover, water absorbs and traps heat, and much of the ocean can warm for a long time after heat rises.