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- ruled the greatest empire on Earth in 1491.

- had a population of 10 million approximately.

- possessed a territory of over 900 000 square kilometers.

- fell in the 15th century.

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They believed in the Sun God, Inti.

The supposed ancestors emerged from Tambo Toco and the leader was Ayar Manco.

He had a golden staff that would sink in fertile land, and it sunk in the Valley of Cuzco.

Then, Ayar Manco became Manco Cápac and that's how the first Sapa Inca arrived and ruled over them.

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They had an outstanding road system that connected the entire empire.

Their canal system was also extraordinary.

The Incas dealt with an extreme and inhospitable terrain.

They had no access to wheels, horses, or iron.

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The Incas established themselves in the Cuzco Valley around 1200 CE.

They were a small kingdom until  1438, when Pachacútec became an Inca.

Pachacutec defeated the Chanka and conquered what was most of the Inca territory.

He named the empire "Tahuantinsuyu", which means "four quarters"

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In 1524, Huayna Cápac and several more natives died because of the diseases brought by the Spanish conquistadors.

A civil war occurred between Atahualpa and Huáscar, and Atahualpa won in 1532.

Atahualpa had an encounter with the Spanish conquerors and he was defeated and captured. A year after, he was killed.

Incas resisted 40 years after that event in Vilcabamba, but were defeated by the Spanish.

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They had no written language.

They used quipus to record information.

Decimal-based bureaucracy enabled an efficient taxation system.

In exchange for the taxes, the empire provided security, infrastructure and sutenance.