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every literary work has a main theme, which can be divided into sub-themes or motifs

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the theme contains the message whose interpretation leads to an understanding of the meaning of the text

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is the idea the author tries to convey. it can be explicit or implicit

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characters that grow and develop

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they do not change throughout the story

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they also canbe round and flat characters

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there can be, depending on their role in the story, major and minor characters

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are the people who apper in a novel by a direct or an indirect presentation

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is the angle from which the scene is described and the story told

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omniscent narrator is the one that knows the feelings and thoughts of every character in the story

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third-person unobtrusive narrator

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third-person obtrusive narrator

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tells the story from the outside

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it can coincide with a character in the story or the protagonist

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third-person

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first-person

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internal or external

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is the speaking voice, not the author of a book.
can be:

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wide, panoramic, aerial views are characteristic ways of introducing an action

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close-ups from the city into street,from the street into the house, taking the reader from room to room

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''camera eye'' and ''camera movement''

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the setting is the place and the time of the story

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the end, where the initial situation can be restored or changed.

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the development of the story to the climax.

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the breakdown of the initial situation.

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the introduction of the situation.

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story and plot: The author can combine the difference sequences of the story by using flashback,anticipation of events, digressions or by omitting details of the story. this original sequence of events is the plot.But generally the pattern the author imposes on the action of a novel includes four stages: