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How do we properly include people with motor disabilities?

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How do we properly include people with motor disabilities?

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It's thought that the first crutches were created by the Egyptians in the year 2830 b.C. because of various papyrus with figures of people with crutches.
The first crutches had a "T" form and were made of wood but little by little it changed to a "V".

The crutches took a big advance in 1917 thanks to Emile Schlicke, a French engineer that added a support to the crutches after the first world war.
The design was a big selling and was one of the biggest steps to the actual crutches.
Later, Anders R. Lofstrand Jr. made possible that the crutches lower axes and forearm could be adjustable and
Thomas Fetterman incorporated rubber fit to it.
This all was great because the people could adjust the crutches at their fit and people wouldn't need to buy a second crutch, they could just adjust it, also the rubber fit gave them a lower impact when touching the floor.

The crutches were a great change in humans history and helped those who wanted to move but couldn't and made it possible for people to continue moving on with their daily life.

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The Romans were the first registered to create the handicapped ramp for the people that didn't have the complete mobility of their body. Or also pregnant women, elderly, etc. Most of the buildings had a handicapped ramp, it was pretty common. This was an investigation of Debby Sneed a teacher from the University of California.

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The first walker was made by Ambrosio Paré, a French barber surgeon who lived in the 14th century.

Seeing the injured members of the French army walking with two sticks, he came up with the idea of ​​joining them with a wooden structure creating the first walker.

This wooden structure was heavy and impractical, but it was the first walker in history and later models evolved from that model.

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The first prosthetic was a toe, it was found in Egypt between 950-710.
General Marcus from the most Ancient Roman Civilization, was the first person to use prosthetics.

The history of prosthetics has always been intertwined with the history of warfare and soldiers.

During the World Wars there wasn’t technology to create prosthetics for the soldiers who lost some part of their body.

Now days, some people take the innovations to harness 3D printing and new materials to create prosthetics for fingers, arms and legs.

Thanks to this innovations a lot of people have the opportunity to continue their life in a normal way and even better.

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The first known wheelchair purposefully designed for disability and mobility was called an “invalid’s chair”. It was invented in 1595 specifically for King Phillip II of Spain. The chair had small wheels attached to the end of a chair’s legs,, and it included a platform for Phillip’s legs and an adjustable backrest. It could not be self-propelled, but most likely the King always had servants transporting him around.

In 1655, Steven Farffler was a young German watchmaker with a disability that limited his mobility. He is the first known person to invent and use a wheelchair that could be independently propelled.

In 1783, John Dawson of Bath, England invented a wheelchair and named it after his town. The Bath wheelchair had two large wheels in the back and one small one in the front. The user would steer the chair by a stiff handle, but all the Bath designs had to be pushed or pulled by a donkey or horse, as they were heavy. The Bath wheelchair did outsell all other models of wheelchairs for 40 year.

Then, in the 1800s, the first wheelchairs that are more similar to today’s designs were developed. In 1869 a patent was taken out on a wheelchair that could be self-propelled and had large wheels at the back. Wheelchairs were starting to get less bulky but still were not easily transportable until 1932 when the folding tubular steel version was made by Harry Jennings.

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Joseph B. Friedman, in the 1930s, was watching his little daughter drinking a milkshake with a paper straw, previously created by Marvin Chester Stone, but she was struggling to drink it, the glass was too high. A great idea occurred to him, a bendy straw. The plastic came later and all the 'crazy' straws you know were created. It is generally used for people who can't move completely so it can be easy to drink things.

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The audiobook first came up in 1932 with the establishment of a recording studio by The American Foundation for the Blind. They recorded the books, they read it, and then out the recording in vinyl records. The Library of Congress was recognized for the production of audiobooks. Technology has been improving this invention. The audiobooks have been useful to those people that have visual disabilities and motor disabilities.

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It was created by Intel Corporation.
This chair helped Stephen Hawking to move and communicate, he had Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis which is an illness that would not let him speak or move.
Chairs that were more basic were created in London in 1916.
This were more basic because they did not have the same things like the one that was created later since this one had a device that helped you to communicate.

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In 2008, Google launched a voice recognition technology, a voice search app for the iPhone, but Siri was not introduced to the world until 2011. This was created to help people with sight and motor disabilities. It is useful to make possible some actions they can't do on their phone.

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In countries like Cambodia and Afghanistan 5% to 10% of males between 15 and 44 have had amputations due to landmines.

Angola, torn apart by decades of civil war has the largest physically disabled population per capita of any country in the world. Estimates run as high as 20%.

Some instances of disabilities such as Cerebral Palsy are 5 to 10 times higher in poorer countries.

For every child killed in warfare, three are injured and acquire a permanent form of disability

In some countries up to 25% of disabilities result from injuries and violence

Poor people are more at risk of acquiring a disability because of lack of access to good nutrition, health care, sanitation, as well as living and working conditions

90% of children with disabilities in developing countries do not attend school according to UNESCO.

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How do we properly include people with motor disabilities?

In the past, people with disabilities weren't included in the society just like now, before they didn't have the same resources/products to develop their normal life, thanks to this innovations, today they have the opportunity to live normally and without discrimination.