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 Lord Shaftesbury and Thomas Agnew ( Swan / Louis / Dalva ) 

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 Lord Shaftesbury and Thomas Agnew ( Swan / Louis / Dalva ) 

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Lord Shaftesbury
British politician

president of the Ragged School Union

born 28 April 1801

philanthropist and social reformer

Worked towards a better education for children

Campaigned for the limitation of child labour

died the 1st October 1885

Thomas Agnew
Founder of Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to children  (1883)
First ever law to protect the children from abuse and neglect.
1889

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3 laws  that slightly improved the working conditions and treatment of children. (Mathis / Mauna / Alex) 

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3 laws  that slightly improved the working conditions and treatment of children. (Mathis / Mauna / Alex) 

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The Factories Act of 1948: The Act prohibits the employment of children below the age of 14 years in any factory

The Factory act of 1833: restricted the working day in textile mills to 12 hours for persons aged 13 through 17, and 8 hours for those aged 9 through 12.

1850 : 10 hour act (a working day = 10 hours and a half)

two hours schooling each day for children

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5 other prevalent jobs for children (Morgane / Sunny / Kevin/ Akira) 

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5 other prevalent jobs for children (Morgane / Sunny / Kevin/ Akira) 

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Miner: breaking up coal in coal mines / push heavy trucks along tunnels in coal mines / open and close trap doors for coal wagons / roofs sometimes caved in, explosions happened and workers got all sorts of injuries / very few safety rules /

Working in textile mills : Children lived at the mill and were worked as hard as possible. Mills were dangerous, hot, humid, dusty and extremely noisy. Cotton dust caused eye infections, breathing problems and stomach complaints. Workers spent long hours tending fast moving machinery which resulted in many serious accidents.

Newspaper carrier / courier : selling newspapers on street corners and also deliver the newspapers or even a document for individuals, businesses, institution and government agencies. They usually travel by foot and bicycle.

Laundry for pay: doing laundry in exchange for money

Chimney sweeps: person who clears ash and soot from chimneys

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5 several prevalent jobs for children (Ariane / Téo /  Krishna / Kiran)

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5 several prevalent jobs for children (Ariane / Téo /  Krishna / Kiran)

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Working in farms --> Young boys usually worked in the fields and tended the larger animals, while young girls performed lighter tasks such as milking cows and tending the chickens

Shoes shiner : occupation in which a person cleans and buffs shoes and then applies a waxy paste to give a shiny appearance and a protective coating

Prostitution: the practice or occupation of engaging in sexual activity with someone for payment.

Domestic servant: A servant employed in a grand or middle class household. In 1891 1.3 million girls and women worked as domestic servants. They were usually recruited between the ages of 10 and 13, after they had been through some elementary schooling.

Rat-catchers --> hunt inside the sewers. They control rat populations. Keeping the rat population under control was practiced in order to prevent the spread of diseases to man, most notoriously the Black Plague and to prevent damage to food supplies.

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Why did children go to work?   (Charleen / Ludi / Balthazar) 

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Why did children go to work?   (Charleen / Ludi / Balthazar) 

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- Less paid / cheap
- small : can move / manoeuvre in tight places
- no complaining about the dreadful conditions
- many were orphans
- supported their family