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a common optical problem that occurs when a lens is either unable to bring all wavelengths of color to the same focal plane, and/or when wavelengths of color are focused at different positions in the focal plane.

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entails conversion of a continuous gradation of tone to several regions of fewer tones, with abrupt changes from one tone to another.

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an effect that causes different signals to become indistinguishable

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caused by compression when an image is saved in the .jpgformat. Each time an image is saved in this format it is compressed and “non-essential” data is discarded. The result of compression is that an image can suffer from blockiness, mosquito noise (around edges) and color degradation.

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an effect associated with wide-angle lenses and, in particular, zoom wide-angles.

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A full-frame camera uses a sensor that's the same size as a single frame of traditional 35mm film, measuring 36 x 24mm.

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The number of pixels on the 18.1MP 1D X's sensor that lie within an APS-H sized box are only about 11MP, or 30% less resolution than with the 16.1MP 1D mkIV. The 1.3x crop factor is linear. Resolution is based on area. A full frame sensor has 1.67 times the area of an APS-H sensor.

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A full-frame camera uses a sensor that's the same size as a single frame of traditional 35mm film, measuring 36 x 24mm. ... This means a full-framesensor has more than 2.5 times the surface area of an APS-C sensor.

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An image sensor is an electronic device that converts an optical image into an electronic signal. It is used in digital cameras and imaging devices to convert the light received on the camera or imaging device lens into a digital image.

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Crop factor describes the size difference between a 35mm film frame and your camera's sensor.

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A sequence of adjacent bits operated on as a unit by a computer. A byteusually consists of eight bits.

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One kilobyte is comprised of 1,024 bytes of digital information

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A megabyte is 2 to the 20th power, or 1,048,576 bytes. ... A megabyteis 1,024 kilobytes and precedes the gigabyte unit of measurement.

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a unit of information equal to one billion (10⁹) or, strictly, 2³⁰ bytes.

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unit of information equal to one million million (10¹²) or strictly, 2⁴⁰ bytes.

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a style of painting and sculpture developed in the early 20th century, characterized chiefly by an emphasis on formal structure, the reduction of natural forms to their geometrical equivalents, and the organization of the planes of a represented object independently of representational requirements.

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A style or technique that is characterized by extreme spareness and simplicity

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uses elements of popular culture, such as magazines, movies, popular music, and even bottles and cans.

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The use of such procedures as double exposure, combination printing, montage, and solarization dramatically evoked the union of dream and reality.

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The term is used where the artist is being innovative and experimental in an aspect of their art. The Avant-garde in photography are critical of existing aesthetic views.

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hen odd stripes and patterns appear in your images, this is called a moiré effect. This visual perception occurs when a fine pattern on your subject meshes with the pattern on the imaging chip of your camera, and you see a third separate pattern.

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the use of pre-existing objects or images with little or no transformation applied to them.

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is the superimposition of two or more exposures to create a single image, and double exposure has a corresponding meaning in respect of two images.

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a genre of photography used for the depiction of inanimate subject matter, typically a small group of objects.

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means taking photos for commercial use. And by commercial we mean for business, for sales, for money.

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a graphical representation of the tonal values of your image. In other words, it shows the amount of tones of particular brightness found in your photograph ranging from black (0% brightness) to white (100% brightness).

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a loosely used term applied to an array of concepts and attitudes that reject prior definitions of art and question art in general.

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an artistic form or medium usually created on a defined substrate that consists of three-dimensional elements projecting out of or from the substrate.

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a filter that reduces or modifies the intensity of all wavelengths, or colors, of light equally, giving no changes in hue of color rendition. It can be a colorless (clear) or grey filter.

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the deliberate processing of photographic film in a chemical solution intended for a different type of film.

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a tight structure of a similar shape to the honeycomb made by honey bees. It's affixed to the front of a studio strobe

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a photographic lighting device that uses a parabolic reflector to distribute light towards a focal point.

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a tube or similar object that fits over a studio light or portable flash and allows the photographer to control the direction and radius of the light beam.

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used primarily as diffusers in photography. They are used either to diffuse light by reflective diffusion, or shoot-through diffusion.

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a type of photographic lighting device, one of a number of photographic soft light devices.

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a self-contained photographic flash lighting unit usually found in a studio.

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a light source that causes a specular highlight in a subject's eye in an image.

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a remapping of image tonality, specified as a function from input level to output level, used as a way to emphasize colours or other elements in a picture.

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a tool in Photoshop and other image editing programs which can move and stretch the brightness levels of an image histogram.

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creates an attractive catch light on a subject's eyes while emitting even, diffused lighting that helps eliminate shadows

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the use of camera movements that change the orientation and/or position of the lens with respect to the film or image sensor on cameras

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"straight-out-of-camera” and denotes *ZERO* computer photoshop.

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a positive photograph on glass made by a variant of the wet plate collodion process. Like a print on paper, it is viewed by reflected light.

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a photographic image-transfer process, or print making technique, which uses instant film.

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an intaglio printmaking or photo-mechanical process whereby a copper plate is grained (adding a pattern to the plate) and then coated with a light-sensitive gelatin tissue which had been exposed to a film positive, and then etched, resulting in a high quality intaglio plate

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a photographic printing process that produces a cyan-blue print.

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an organic alternative photography process akin to the anthotype process. However, instead of printing on the crushed extract of fruit or plant matter, the prints are bleached by sunlight directly onto the surface of leaves using a positive.