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the motherboard is the component   behind it all linking everything together

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A motherboard (also called mainboard, main circuit board, MB, mboard, backplane board, base board, system board, mobo; or in Apple computers logic board) is the main printed circuit board (PCB) in general-purpose computers and other expandable systems. It holds and allows communication between many of the crucial electronic components of a system, such as the central processing unit (CPU) and memory, and provides connectors for other peripherals. Unlike a backplane, a motherboard usually contains significant sub-systems, such as the central processor, the chipset's input/output and memory controllers, interface connectors, and other components integrated for general use.

Motherboard means specifically a PCB with expansion capabilities. As the name suggests, this board is often referred to as the "mother" of all components attached to it, which often include peripherals, interface cards, and daughterboards: sound cards, video cards, network cards, host bus adapters, TV tuner cards, IEEE 1394 cards, and a variety of other custom components.

Dell Precision T3600 System Motherboard, used in professional CAD Workstations. Manufactured in 2012

Similarly, the term mainboard describes a device with a single board and no additional expansions or capability, such as controlling boards in laser printers, television sets, washing machines, mobile phones, and other embedded systems with limited expansion abilities.

Motherboard for a personal desktop computer; showing the typical components and interfaces which are found on a motherboard. This model follows the Baby AT (form factor), used in many desktop PCs.

Mainboard of a NeXTcube computer (1990) with microprocessor Motorola 68040 operated at 25 MHz and a digital signal processor Motorola 56001 at 25 MHz, which was directly accessible via a connector on the back of the casing

Prior to the invention of the microprocessor, the CPU of a digital computer consisted of multiple circuit boards in a card-cage case with components connected by a backplane containing a set of interconnected sockets into which the circuit boards are plugged; In very old designs, copper wires were the discrete connections between card connector pins, but printed circuit boards soon became the standard practice. The central processing unit (CPU), memory, and peripherals were housed on individually printed circuit boards, which were plugged into the backplane.

In older microprocessor-based systems, the CPU and some support circuitry would fit on a single CPU board, with memory and peripherals on additional boards, all plugged into the backplane. The ubiquitous S-100 bus of the 1970s is an example of this type of backplane system.

During the late 1980s and early 1990s, it became economical to move an increasing number of peripheral functions onto the motherboard. In the late 1980s, personal computer motherboards began to include single ICs (also called Super I/O chips) capable of supporting a set of low-speed peripherals: PS/2 keyboard and mouse, floppy disk drive, serial ports, and parallel ports. By the late 1990s, many personal computer motherboards included consumer-grade embedded audio, video, storage, and networking functions without the need for any expansion cards at all; higher-end systems for 3D gaming and computer graphics typically retained only the graphics card as a separate component. Business PCs, workstations, and servers were more likely to need expansion cards, either for more robust functions, or for higher speeds; those systems often had fewer embedded components.

Laptop and notebook computers that were developed in the 1990s integrated the most common peripherals. This even included motherboards with no upgradeable components, a trend that would continue as smaller systems were introduced after the turn of the century (like the tablet computer and the netbook). Memory, processors, network controllers, power source, and storage would be integrated into some systems.

The Octek Jaguar V motherboard from 1993.[1] This board has few onboard peripherals, as evidenced by the 6 slots provided for ISA cards and the lack of other built-in external interface connectors. Note the large AT keyboard connector at the back right is its only peripheral interface.

The motherboard of a Samsung Galaxy SII; almost all functions of the device are integrated into a very small board.

A motherboard provides the electrical connections by which the other components of the system communicate. Unlike a backplane, it also contains the central processing unit and hosts other subsystems and devices.

A typical desktop computer has its microprocessor, main memory, and other essential components connected to the motherboard. Other components such as external storage, controllers for video display and sound, and peripheral devices may be attached to the motherboard as plug-in cards or via cables; in modern microcomputers, it is increasingly common to integrate some of these peripherals into the motherboard itself.

An important component of a motherboard is the microprocessor's supporting chipset, which provides the supporting interfaces between the CPU and the various buses and external components. This chipset determines, to an extent, the features and capabilities of the motherboard.

Modern motherboards include:

CPU sockets (or CPU slots) in which one or more microprocessors may be installed. In the case of CPUs in ball grid array packages, such as the VIA Nano and the Goldmont Plus, the CPU is directly soldered to the motherboard.

Memory slots into which the system's main memory is to be installed, typically in the form of DIMM modules containing DRAM chips. Can be DDR3, DDR4, DDR5, or onboard LPDDRx.

The chipset which forms an interface between the CPU, main memory, and peripheral buses

Non-volatile memory chips (usually flash memory in modern motherboards) containing the system's firmware or BIOS

The clock generator which produces the system clock signal to synchronize the various components

Slots for expansion cards (the interface to the system via the buses supported by the chipset)

Power connectors, which receive electrical power from the computer power supply and distribute it to the CPU, chipset, main memory, and expansion cards. As of 2007, some graphics cards (e.g. GeForce 8 and Radeon R600) require more power than the motherboard can provide, and thus dedicated connectors have been introduced to attach them directly to the power supply.

Connectors for hard disk drives, optical disc drives, or solid-state drives, typically SATA and NVMe now[when? ]

Additionally, nearly all motherboards include logic and connectors to support commonly used input devices, such as USB for mouse devices and keyboards. Early personal computers such as the Apple II or IBM PC included only this minimal peripheral support on the motherboard. Occasionally video interface hardware was also integrated into the motherboard; for example, on the Apple II and rarely on IBM-compatible computers such as the IBM PCjr. Additional peripherals such as disk controllers and serial ports were provided as expansion cards.

Motherboards are produced in a variety of sizes and shapes called form factors, some of which are specific to individual computer manufacturers. However, the motherboards used in IBM-compatible systems are designed to fit various case sizes. As of 2005, most desktop computer motherboards use the ATX standard form factor - even those found in Macintosh and Sun computers, which have not been built from commodity components. A case's motherboard and power supply unit (PSU) form factor must all match, though some smaller form factor motherboards of the same family will fit larger cases. For example, an ATX case will usually accommodate a microATX motherboard. Laptop computers generally use highly integrated, miniaturized, and customized motherboards. This is one of the reasons that laptop computers are difficult to upgrade and expensive to repair. Often the failure of one laptop component requires the replacement of the entire motherboard, which is usually more expensive than a desktop motherboard.

Block diagram of an early 2000s motherboard, which supports many on-board peripheral functions as well as several expansion slots

With the steadily declining costs and size of integrated circuits, it is now possible to include support for many peripherals on the motherboard. By combining many functions on one PCB, the physical size and total cost of the system may be reduced; highly integrated motherboards are thus especially popular in small form factor and budget computers.

A typical motherboard will have a different number of connections depending on its standard and form factor.

Some motherboards have two or more PCI-E x16 slots, to allow more than 2 monitors without special hardware, or use a special graphics technology called SLI (for Nvidia) and Crossfire (for AMD). These allow 2 to 4 graphics cards to be linked together, to allow better performance in intensive graphical computing tasks, such as gaming, video editing, etc.

A motherboard of a Vaio E series laptop (right)

A microATX motherboard with some faulty capacitors

Motherboards are generally air cooled with heat sinks often mounted on larger chips in modern motherboards. Insufficient or improper cooling can cause damage to the internal components of the computer, or cause it to crash. Passive cooling, or a single fan mounted on the power supply, was sufficient for many desktop computer CPU's until the late 1990s; since then, most have required CPU fans mounted on heat sinks, due to rising clock speeds and power consumption. Most motherboards have connectors for additional computer fans and integrated temperature sensors to detect motherboard and CPU temperatures and controllable fan connectors which the BIOS or operating system can use to regulate fan speed. Alternatively computers can use a water cooling system instead of many fans.

A 2003 study found that some spurious computer crashes and general reliability issues, ranging from screen image distortions to I/O read/write errors, can be attributed not to software or peripheral hardware but to aging capacitors on PC motherboards. Ultimately this was shown to be the result of a faulty electrolyte formulation, an issue termed capacitor plague.

Modern motherboards use electrolytic capacitors to filter the DC power distributed around the board. These capacitors age at a temperature-dependent rate, as their water based electrolytes slowly evaporate. This can lead to loss of capacitance and subsequent motherboard malfunctions due to voltage instabilities. While most capacitors are rated for 2000 hours of operation at 105 °C (221 °F), their expected design life roughly doubles for every 10 °C (18 °F) below this. At 65 °C (149 °F) a lifetime of 3 to 4 years can be expected. However, many manufacturers deliver substandard capacitors, which significantly reduce life expectancy. Inadequate case cooling and elevated temperatures around the CPU socket exacerbate this problem. With top blowers, the motherboard components can be kept under 95 °C (203 °F), effectively doubling the motherboard lifetime.

Mid-range and high-end motherboards, on the other hand, use solid capacitors exclusively. For every 10 °C less, their average lifespan is multiplied approximately by three, resulting in a 6-times higher lifetime expectancy at 65 °C (149 °F). These capacitors may be rated for 5000, 10000 or 12000 hours of operation at 105 °C (221 °F), extending the projected lifetime in comparison with standard solid capacitors.

In desktop PCs and notebook computers, the motherboard cooling and monitoring solutions are usually based on a super I/O chip or an embedded controller.

Motherboards contain a ROM (and later EPROM, EEPROM, NOR flash) that stores to initialize hardware devices and boot an operating system from a peripheral device.

Microcomputers such as the Apple II and IBM PC used ROM chips mounted in sockets on the motherboard. At power-up, the central processor unit would load its program counter with the address of the Boot ROM and start executing instructions from the Boot ROM. These instructions initialized and tested the system hardware, displayed system information on the screen, performed RAM checks, and then attempts to boot an operating system from a peripheral device. If no peripheral device containing an operating system was available, then the computer would perform tasks from other ROM stores or display an error message, depending on the model and design of the computer. For example, both the Apple II and the original IBM PC had Cassette BASIC (ROM BASIC) and would start that if no operating system could be loaded from the floppy disk or hard disk.

The boot firmware in modern IBM PC compatible motherboard designs contains either a BIOS, as did the boot ROM on the original IBM PC, or UEFI. UEFI is a successor to BIOS that became popular after Microsoft began requiring it for a system to be certified to run Windows 8.

When the computer is powered on, the boot firmware tests and configures memory, circuitry, and peripherals. This Power-On Self Test (POST) may include testing some of the following things:

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A motherboard (also called mainboard, main circuit board, MB, mboard, backplane board, base board, system board, mobo; or in Apple computers logic board) is the main printed circuit board (PCB) in general-purpose computers and other expandable systems. It holds and allows communication between many of the crucial electronic components of a system, such as the central processing unit (CPU) and memory, and provides connectors for other peripherals.

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phone, computer, Xbox, ps4, laptop,apple watches, microwave, fridge, sky box,

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The CPU is the device in your phone that processes all of your commands

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When I say " Lag really kills off the Mood and ruins the Gaming Experience ", you all can agree with me. This is the reason most people buy high-end Graphics Cards to quench their thirst of getting the best Gaming Experience they can.

The main reason this post is here is to let everyone know that they can play most of the new games if they are on a Budget. We will be reviewing some of the Best Graphics Card under 100 Dollars and you can choose any one of them according to your liking.

Imagine a situation. You are into a game that you really like. You even shut your Girlfriend (or Boyfriend) out and decided to spend the evening with that game alone. Now, you're into the game and almost about to win and suddenly, out of nowhere, a lag wave hits you and you lose.

Can you imagine the frustration? This post is here to save you from that frustration if you are on a low budget.

Now, graphics cards are not only for Gaming. They are also used for Photo/Video Editing, Animation, and even Crypto Mining. Now, if you are a person who wants to get their hands on a cheap card to get into Editing or wanna mine some crypto, keep reading as these cards are good for you too!

Most of the modern games require quality cards which are usually very costly. Nvidia and AMD are competing against each other to launch the best card in the market which offers value as well as is cheap!

Now, if you are on a budget, you will have to do some research to find the Best Graphics Card under 100 Bucks but worry not! We have this whole post ready; just for you!

We will be reviewing 6 Graphics Cards and we will choose the best so that YOU can get it and have the best Gaming Experience according to your budget! All the cards reviewed below will be the best ones under 100 Dollars.

We know that $100 is not really a huge amount but still, you can find the best graphics card which can satisfy your hunger for playing games without lag! So, let's get started with the list!

6 Best Graphics Card Under $100

Below we are going to review some of the best GPUs for you to buy in this post. We will put out the specifications of each card and then select a winner for you to buy!

These will be the 6 best Graphics card under $100 that can run some high-end games on low-mid settings without any lag. Obviously, the lag depends on RAM too but if you have at least 4GB RAM, you're good to go!

Let's now review all of them one by one and find which one will be the best GPU under 100 dollars to play the games without lag or to run Images/Video Editing Softwares with ease!

Best Graphics Card under 100 Bucks - Contestant #1

Gigabyte's AMD Radeon RX 550 is one of the best Graphics Card under 100. It comes with 2GB DDR5 128bit Video Memory. It is a great card as it offers One-Click Overclocking for Gamers to meet their gaming needs! It is based on AMD's existing Polaris 12 Architecture, code named as Lexa Pro.

It supports HDMI 4K@60Hz and DP 8k@60HZ. Clock speed for gaming is 1183MHz and it can be overclocked to 1195MHz. This enables us to play modern games on low-mid settings and the old games at max settings! It can easily run games at 1600×900 WideScreen and can support 720p.

Due to overclocking, most of the cards heat up pretty quick but Radeon RX 550 comes with a specially designed fan by Gigabyte. This fan is 90mm in dimension and gives up to 23% Airflow up making it heat resistant (somewhat). Overusage will still heat it up though 🙂

Gigabyte AMD Radeon RX 550 2GB DDR5 Specifications

Best GPU under 100 Bucks - Contestant #2

Now comes Gigabyte's Nvidia GeForce GT 740 with 2GB DDR3 128bit Video Memory. This GPU under 100 dollars is a good one as it has very low power consumption and also comes with, yet again, Gigabyte's specially designed fan.

This fan is of 100mm and provides out of the world cooling! This card's Core Clock speed is 993MHz. It can support Digital Resolution up to 4096 x 2160 and Analog Resolution up to 2048 x 1536. Pretty good, right?

It can also run games in low-mid settings but you might feel some lag depending on the game and its textures. It provides pretty good quality (Nvidia is king of GPUs) and can be used if you want to play old games at higher resolution!

Gigabyte Nvidia GeForce GT 740 2GB DDR3 Specifications

Best Graphics Card under 100 Dollars - Contestant #3

GeForce GT 730 is a bit older than GeForce GT 740 and is a bit slow too. BUT, EVGA's Nvidia GeForce GT 730 comes with a DDR 3 Video Memory of 4GB, 128bit architecture. We all know that DDR5 is better than DDR3 but since the Video Memory is quite increased here, the GPU provides pretty good feedback.

The Base Clock is 700MHz which is not a lot but is decent for this price range. Its Memory Clock goes up to 1400MHz. This card has a low power consumption technology and the cooling system looks good too!

Be it Gaming or Photo/Video Editing, anything can be done at blazing speeds. GT 730 provides fast performance and gaming experience was pretty good for us when we used it.

EVGA Nvidia GeForce GT 730 4GB DDR3 Specifications

Best GPU under 100 Dollars - Contestant #4 (Readers' Choice)

Another EVGA's Nvidia GPU. The GeForce GTX 1050 is another Graphics Card which supports overclocking. This card has 2GB DDR5 128bit Video Memory which provides ultimate performance.

Base Clock is 1354MHz and it can be boosted to 1455MHz. This is a significant difference and can quench the hunger of those games which require more clock speed to render textures properly. Along with that, the Memory Clock is 7008Mhz Effective.

This GPU can support up to 3 Monitors and has PCI-E 3.0 Interface. It has 640 CUDA Cores providing you the Maximum speed! The Maximum Digital Resolution supported is 7680 x 4320 which is pretty good.

Play all the old games in 1080p and modern games in mid-high settings at 720p. The gaming experience is ultimate with this card at this price range and this is why it is the best graphics card under 100 Dollars. 100% Recommended!

EVGA Nvidia GeForce GTX 1050 2GB DDR5 Specifications

Best Graphics Card under $100 - Contestant #5

The Radeon R7 250 is a bit slower than GeForce GT 740 but a good card for its price. It is a bit cheaper than GT 740 but the Performance difference is not significant. It comes with a 1GB DDR5 128bit Memory. Although the memory is low, don't underestimate its power!

This GPU comes with a technology developed by Asus which helps it run at low temperatures. It barely gets heated for normal use. It comes with a Software which lets you control the fan speed, clock speeds, Voltages, etc so that the gamer in you can optimize the card for several games and get the best experience.

Asus AMD Radeon R7 250 1GB DDR5 Specifications

Best Graphics Card under $100 - Contestant #6

Another Gigabyte's AMD Radeon GPU is in this list. The Radeon R7 240 is a beast! It is a great budget GPU. It is better than most of the GPUs out there in its price range. It provides better performance than GT 730.

We like this card because of its performance! It can run old games like Skyrim on high settings 1080p resolution and the new games can run on medium settings and 720p resolution easily.

Its base clock is 780MHz and can be overclocked to 900 MHz. Comes with 128bit Memory Interface. It also comes with a 100mm fan to provide better cooling and makes it dust resistant.

Gigabyte AMD Radeon R7 240 2GB DDR3 OC Specifications

Which one is the Best Graphics Card under $100?

For us, the best graphics card under 100 bucks is EVGA GeForce GTX 1050 2GB DDR5. It is the best card that provides the best performance for its price. If you want the best Gaming Experience under $100, this card can satisfy your needs and run all the old games on Maximum settings and new games on medium settings at 720p!

If you plan to buy a card, this should be your choice! It is quite fast and can provide a good experience for Photo/Video Editors as it makes the Editing blazing fast.

Since you want the top-notch gaming experience, you should check out these Motherboards too! They make Overclocking so easy that you can achieve OC in just a single click! Check them out here.

Heating issues are also taken care of because of the special cooling system it has integrated. Rest assured, you will love the experience! We did too 😀 If you think any other GPU should be in this list, let us know via comments.

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6 Best Graphics Card under 100 Dollars - Tech Compact

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Looking for the Best Graphics Card under 100 Dollars? We have created a list of Best GPU under 100 Bucks which contains 6 of the Best and most Decent Cards and they all are under $100! Check it out now!

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the main memory is only available whilst the computer is
on