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While the Europe nations have gotten stronger. Older civilizations were in decline. Places like India and China. In africa, wars has also damaged the effect of the slave trade undermined established empires or kingdoms and city states. Newer African states were also not strong enough to resist the western onslaught

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The sphere influence was the third form of Western Control.  It was when an area is claimed for exclusive investment or used for trading reasons by an outside power. To prevent conflict the europeans made these spheres to around china and other places

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The local rulers were left in a place and they had to follow the advice of the European advisers, for trading or missionary activities in a protectorate. To run a protectorate you didn’t need a large military force and it cost less to run a colony.

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Protectorate is a country that has its own government but is still under the control of an outside power.

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In the west itself a small of anti - imperialists emerged. They claimed it was immoral, some even pointed out how at home they were democratic but they were imposing undemocratic rule on other countries.

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Forms of imperial rule
The French would rule with direct rule which meant they would send ofialcls and soldries to look after the colonies and a good example is when Napoleon sent his brother to rule of Spain. The British would rule inderectly meaning they would leave the leader of that colonies but they encouraged the children to be indicated but the British,meaning they have groomed them for other purposes.

Facing criticism at home
The westerners had made a small group of anti-imperialist,they were debating wether colonialism was a weapon used by the wealthy or they said it was immoral. Poeple were moving to places that had a good democracy but had an in democratic rule.

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The british governed their colonies by using sultans, chiefs, or local rulers. The british used the system of indirect rule.  The children of the local ruling class were encouraged to get an education in Britain.

The  british predicted that by doing this is would spread british civilization of a new generation of rulers. However if things went south britain could still resort to military force.

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imperialism is domination by one  country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region
European countries ruled the world at a certain point because there colonies that they had taken over with military force would make them a lot of money and benefit them greatly economically

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- Westerner's had embraced the ideas of Social Darwinism
- applied Darwin's ideas about natural selection and survival of the fittest to human societies
- European races, they argued, were superior to all others, and imperial domination of weaker races was simply nature's way of improving the human species
- millions of non-Westerners were robbed of their cultural heritage

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Pratham Motives driving the new Imperialism

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Pratham Motives driving the new Imperialism

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Imperialism- is the domination by one country of political or cultural life of another country

Established colonies in South Asia.

By the 1800s, Europe gained much of the power

Europeans embarked on a path of aggressive expansion

By the 1870s, the europeans brought much of their control and influences to the whole world

The new imperialism brought new combinations of causes

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Africans and Asians tried to fight off the invaders even though they could never be as strong as the invaders were.

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European powers had many advantages
Superior technology as well as improved medical knowledge also played a role
Some new medications helped Europeans survive deadly tropical diseases
Maxim machine guns, repeating rifles, and steam driven war ships were very strong arguments in the persuasion of Africana and Asians acceptance to Western control

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During this period, France was one of the leading imperial powers. They practiced techniques like direct rule in order to administer their colonies. The idea of direct rule was to send French officials and French soldiers to their colonies in order to impose French culture onto their colonies.

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Economic Interest Spur Expansion- Matilda

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Economic Interest Spur Expansion- Matilda

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Manufacturers wanted access to natural resources like,  rubber, petroleum, and palm oil

Manufacturers also wanted new markets that they could sell their products and get profit

Bankers sought  ventures to to invest in profits

Colonies offered valuable outlets for europe's growing population

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Steam power merchant ships, needed bases around the world to take on coal and supplies. They took over small islands or harbours to satisfy there needs. It was very competitive, other countries would rush to try to get more islands. They also made colonies for nation security.