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1.	An outline of the context and life circumstances of the reformer, especially social factors that motivated her commitment to respond and reform

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1.	An outline of the context and life circumstances of the reformer, especially social factors that motivated her commitment to respond and reform

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Nano Nagle was born in 1718 in Ballygriffin in County Cork Republic of Ireland. She shaped the Irish community during the time of the Industrial Revolution; an event that fostered major social injustices. During this time, from the 1750s and the late 1800s, strict Penal Laws were imposed by the English that severely limited the Irish. The general overview of these Laws forbade the Irish from associating with Catholic practices and teachings. This placed a terrible burden on Nano's family as they were Catholic. However, Nano's family was wealthy and shipped Nano to France to be educated.

The Penal Laws were not the only injustice of the Industrial Revolution, working and living conditions were extremely difficult. These conditions inspired Nano Nagle to dedicate her life to the service of others. The more accurate moment was when she was returning home from a social event and saw that many people on the street near the church were begging for alms; donations, such as food, clothes, and money, to be given to the poor. She sympathised for them but it wasn't until she returned home to Dublin that she truly decided to devote her life to the mission of Jesus.

By the time of her death Nano had established 7 schools and left a legacy that motivates Christians today.

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Nano was born in 1718 BallyGriffin County Cork, Republic of Ireland.

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Her visits to the sick and needy during the night granted her the name Lady with the Lantern.

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2. Application of Biblical criticism to one NT text known, or likely, to have inspired this reformer

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2. Application of Biblical criticism to one NT text known, or likely, to have inspired this reformer

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A parable that would have inspired my reformer is the "The Good Samaritan". It was about a man on the road from Jerusalem to Jericho who he was beaten, robbed and left to die. A priest and a Levite passed him and did not help. The last traveller was a Samaritan who stopped and helped him.

In order to understand how this would have inspired Nano we must analyse the political, social and economic trends occurring at the time.

World Behind the Text
This parable took place on the road from Jerusalem to Jericho; a very desert-like, barren and narrow road that was filled with rocky terrain. As this road was unsafe, geographically, many people were robbed or beaten; like the man in the story.

During the time of this parable The Romans were in control of Judea, and the main community were Jewish people. The two main religions were Christianity and Judaism; the difference in religion and religious practices caused a lot of controversy and mutual dislike.

There were also four ideologies that a person could belong to: The Zealots, whom were very violent people, Sadducees, who focused on wealth, Pharisees, whom were scribes for the parables, and Essences, who believed in living a monastic life.

Jewish roles, rituals, and Laws played a large part in people's lives, thus making them important aspects in this parable. At this time the Jews had established Purity Laws that kept Jewish people from associating with unclean people and objects. However, if they did touch something or someone whom was unclean they would have to clean their clothes and themselves in a river. Jews were also required to wear and perform a Kippah, a Tallit, and be circumcised. The Jewish hierarchy was also important in this parable. At the top of this heirarchy was people with authority and wealth, such as Kings, then Common civilised Jews, Non-Hebrew Residents, and lastly slaves.

World of the Text
The simple message of the Good Samaritan is to help whenever someone is in need. This was demonstrated when the man was robbed and beaten and left to die in the middle of the road, and Samaritan came to help him. The author of this parable, Luke, not only wanted people to treat others with respect but to help you understand you are walking in the footsteps as Jesus and these actions will grant you a place in the Kingdom of heaven.

World in front of the Text
Despite the fact this parable was written in old circumstances, it can still be related into our lives today. The message of this story still applies to us today, however the situation and characters are slightly altered. For example, the man left half-dead could be immigrants as they were both vulnerable, the Good Samaritan could be the Pope as they are speaking and acting out against these injustices, finally the priest and the Levite could be people such as average citizens or the Government, as they both are bystanders and do not act to help these victims. The intended audience is similar as it is people who need to know that everyone has goodness inside of them; and for us today that is the Government who make the decisions to allow immigrants into country.

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3. Examples of prayers and spiritual practices that nourished this reformer

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3. Examples of prayers and spiritual practices that nourished this reformer

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Father,

Allow me to serve others with a joyful heart;

Never keeping score;

Always giving;

Never expecting to receive.

Allow me to give of myself,

To give of my talents and of my goods,

To give of my time and of my energy,

To give of my heart and of my soul.

Help me understand the needs of others,

Never criticizing,

Never demeaning,

Never scolding,

Never condemning.

You have been so gracious to me,

Always Loving,

Always forgiving,

Always restoring;

Never gloating over my defeats,

Even when I have been so wrong.

Allow me to serve others as You serve,

With gentleness, compassion, and tenderness,

Never diminishing the worth of another,

Choosing to extend mercy to the brokenhearted,

Like You have repeatedly shown it to me,
Amen.

This prayer would have kept Nano's values, service and compassion, at the centre of her life and would have influenced her actions. The message of this prayer is reflecting Jesus' love for you towards others and not complaining about the labour of this. This message accurately reflects back on the mission of Nano's work, which was to serve others in the form of an education and medical care.

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4. Analysis of some of the reformer's writings - or those of biographers

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4. Analysis of some of the reformer's writings - or those of biographers

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“Nano was destined by the Almighty to reclaim and edify thousands. Although the Penal Laws might prevent her from doing as much as she wished, they could not prevent her from doing what lay in her powers. With patience, prayer and perseverance, she entered on this great work in spite of the threat of heavy legal fines and prosecution.”

This excerpt was extracted from the Coppinger’s Life of Nano. It briefly states Nano's work and the penalties and fines available because of her actions. It implies that she was a woman that dedicated her life to the mission of Jesus which was to help and serve others, regardless of the political danger occurring at the time. This excerpt was written to inform the reader about previous reformers completing Jesus' mission and to also inspire others to act in this way. It was intended for people who wanted to take up the mission of Jesus and people who wanted to be informed about the history of how their community was reformed.

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The Church's response in the 19th century

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The Church's response in the 19th century

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Rerum Novarum was the Church's response to the injustices occurring at the time of the Industrial Revolution.

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5. Investigation of Church responses in the 19th century that inspired the reformer. 

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5. Investigation of Church responses in the 19th century that inspired the reformer. 

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The general message from Rerum Novarum is for people to have respect for themselves and others; especially those who are disadvantaged. This respect should be represented in the wages the employees are given. It also discusses the importance of contribution to the community, however not in the same way, and how the community needs advice or person to govern to keep it stable.

The words of Rerum Novarum are extremely important to Nano Nagle as she was educated in a Catholic environment; one that encouraged the followers of Jesus to stand against injustices occurring in the community. Rerum Novarum were the goals that Nano Nagle was striving to achieve through her dedication to the convent and her actions towards the less fortunate. Had these conditions of labour been introduced during the time of the Industrial Revolution, Nano would have led petitions and strikes to fight for these injustices to be diminished.

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6. Observations and examples that demonstrate her participation on the priestly, prophetic, and kingly work of Jesus

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6. Observations and examples that demonstrate her participation on the priestly, prophetic, and kingly work of Jesus

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Nano Nagle nobly demonstrates the priestly, prophetic and kingly roles of Jesus through her actions during the Industrial Revolution that are still in motion today.

She and women like herself founded a convent to educate the youth, take care of the sick and poor, and share the mission of Jesus through prayer; this act alone expresses her Kingly work of Jesus.

At the time of her youth, strict Penal Laws were imposed by the English that severely restricted the Irish - one of the laws stating Catholic children could not receive an education. However, due to her family’s wealth they were able to send her to France for her to receive a complete catholic schooling. Her Catholic schooling encouraged her to keep prayer and worship at the centre of her life; which is how she demonstrates the priestly work of Jesus and what encouraged her to establish her own convent.

She shows her prophetic work of Jesus when she visited the poor, sick and needy and educated young children. (This was before she opened her convent). During the day she went around town and used her family’s wealth to set up schools to educate the young, and by night she would walk the streets with a lamp and care for the sick and poor. Her visits to the sick and needy granted her the name "Lady with the Lantern".

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Nano's demonstration of the Priestly, Prophetic and Kingly roles of Jesus

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Nano's demonstration of the Priestly, Prophetic and Kingly roles of Jesus

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This image depicts her work of the prophetic role of Jesus.

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7. Description of a 21st century group/individual who continues similar participation in the priestly, prophetic, and kingly roles of Jesus

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7. Description of a 21st century group/individual who continues similar participation in the priestly, prophetic, and kingly roles of Jesus

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The Presentation Society of Australia and Papua New Guinea are similar to Nano Nagle in that they have continued the work of Jesus through the Kingly, Prophetic and Priestly roles.

This society has demonstrated the priestly roles of Jesus by celebration and unification through prayer. Such event is the feast of the heart speaking which solely focuses on unifying for the act of praying.

They also exercise the prophetic roles by following in the footsteps of Nano Nagle who was then following in the footsteps of Jesus. Following in these footsteps of Nano entails them to go and help the less fortunate by offering moral support or physical care.

Lastly, the Presentation Society has established a heritage to preserve the history of Nano Nagle for generations to come. Although this does not directly demonstrate the Kingly roles of Jesus This act does not demonstrate the Kingly roles of Jesus, because it does not change the unjustified social structure, however it does promote the importance of Christians values and service.

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The Presentation Society of Australia and Papua New Guinea continue the work of Nano Nagle through servicing themselves to others.

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Catholic San Francisco. (2018). Archbishop: Women and men religious represent Christ to a ‘hurting and hostile world’. Retrieved from https://catholic-sf.org/news/archbishop-women-and-men-religious-represent-christ-to-a-hurting-and-hostile-world

Faith ND. (2018). Road to Jericho (Setting for the Good Samaritan). Retrieved from http://faith.nd.edu/s/1210/faith/interior.aspx?sid=1210&gid=609&pgid=33100

Hall, D. (2014). The legacy of Nano Nagle is venerable. Retrieved from https://www.irishexaminer.com/farming/life/the-legacy-of-nano-nagle-is-venerable-290462.html

Nano Nagle Birthplace. (n.d.). Nano Nagle life story. Retrieved from http://www.nanonaglebirthplace.ie/nano-nagle-life-story/

Nano Nagle Place. (n.d.). The story of Nano Nagle. Retrieved from https://nanonagleplace.ie/the-story-of-nano-nagle/

Rodriguez, P. (2016). Sr. Michele Anne Murphy Retires. Retrieved from http://sjvnews.net/sr-michele-anne-murphy-retires/

Sisters of the Presentation San Francisco. (n.d.). Presentation Sisters Celebrate Jubilees. Retrieved from http://www.presentationsisterssf.org/whoare.htm

Sisters of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary. (2018). Nano Nagle. Retrieved from http://www.presentationsisters.org/about/nano-nagle/

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2018). Penal Laws. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/event/Penal-Laws

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Ledwith M Kyne, D. (n.d.). Our Founder [Image]. Retrieved from https://www.google.com/search?q=nano+nagle&safe=strict&sa=X&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&ved=0ahUKEwib3c2d49HbAhWFlJQKHQMICcAQiR4IyQE&biw=1440&bih=803#imgrc=jXX_F8f73r9qJM:

Make Renting Fair. (n.d.) [Image]. Retrieved from https://www.google.com.au/search?q=presentation+society+of+australia+and+papua+new+guinea&safe=strict&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjg_Mqi5dHbAhWJxrwKHfvBBKYQ_AUICigB&biw=1440&bih=803#imgrc=7J_vZT_P1dXo4M:

National Library of Ireland on the Commons. (2011). File:Street Scene in Castletownshend County Cork Ireland [Image]. Retrieved from https://www.google.com/search?safe=strict&site=imghp&tbs=sur%3Afmc&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=naUhW6qhE8Gj0QTi3pJ4&q=county+cork+ireland+&oq=county+cork+ireland+&gs_l=img.3..0l5j0i30k1l3j0i5i30k1l2.1342.2762.0.3490.11.9.1.0.0.0.311.1283.2-4j1.5.0....0...1c.1.64.img..5.5.1060...0i67k1.0.A2HLB4_MnjU#imgrc=LAPSVq6B8JKhRM:

Presentation Sisters. (n.d.). Nano Nagle Painting From the Hall in the Presentation Convent, Greenhills, Drogheda [Image]. Retrieved from https://www.google.com.au/search?q=nano+nagles+convent&safe=strict&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwic2fej5tHbAhWmEqYKHRKhDKQQ_AUICigB&biw=1440&bih=803#imgrc=Kw4NDJ2K6p1QFM:

Redeemptorists. (2016). Rerum Novarum’s Impact 125 Years on [Image]. Retrieved from https://www.google.com.au/search?q=rerum+novarum&safe=strict&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwihmuP25tHbAhXLfbwKHXDABkoQ_AUICigB&biw=1440&bih=803#imgrc=xvoyvsnT3yfjsM:

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See all the wonderful things Annika Chee has made