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An example of White Gaze is western texts constructed to be viewed for a white audience.
This is common in many Hollywood films because producers believe that this is what the audience wants to see. But, this is not the case when the movie Black Panther was released.

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Definition of Representation and Stereotypes

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Definition of Representation and Stereotypes

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Representation:
The description or portrayal of someone or something in a particular way.

Stereotypes:
A widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing.

Or
A person or thing that conforms to a widely held but oversimplified image of the class or type to which they belong.

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Black Panther's Hollywood subvert White gaze

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Black Panther's Hollywood subvert White gaze

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Black Panther is one of the films that subvert Hollywood whitewashing as well as it's white gaze. The film consists of an all powerful black cast with a successful release in cinemas. A film that subverts the typical Hollywood white audience.

Reference:

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Director of Black Panther, Ryan Coogler uses the character's perspective to depict the current situation that black community face. Coogler uses the character of Everett Ross as a perspective to show the audience the relationship between T'Challa and the rest of the world. Coogler uses Ross' perspective to allow the audience to realise that T'Challa and his people are five steps ahead in technology compared to the rest of the world. He also uses Ross to portray the way Hollywood silences the voices of black people.

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Whitewashing refers to the media industry being dominated by white characters played by white actors.

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One type of whitewashing is based on the historical events; white actors playing roles of non-white characters. This is shown in the movie The Great Wall, Matt Damon is playing the lead cast of the movie though the other leading cast members of the movie is dominated by Asians.

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Another type of whitewashing is when majority of the characters in a film are played by black and brown actors; this refers to the white actors would likely to secure the major roles of the blockbuster films as it is believed that they play the most complex character roles of the films.

Majority of the films produced are from Hollywood which is highly dominated by white characters are 'better' in telling some stories that are made by white people. It is believed that white actors are more suitable for playing major roles in a movie.

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Whitewashing is navigating their way through a story that will likely resonate deeply with a white audience. Mainly the experiences and world views that they see through a white perspective.

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A variation of whitewashing can also occur when actors adapt to the roles of other people with colour. This could be one of the reasons why Asians are usually whitewashed in Hollywood films; believing that they are unable to make profit if the movie was lead by an Asian so the industry whitewashed the audience to present a white actor instead.

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In some cases, the character's original identity is entirely abandoned. This is an example of the character Motoko Kusanagi in Ghost in The Shell were abandoned for the actor's role played by Scarlett Johansson. The fictional character from the original series and film is described as a person of colour(Asian) yet the live action adaptation the actor becomes explicitly white(American.)

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The representations that focus on racial characteristics and preconceived audience perceptions.

Reference: http://resource.download.wjec.co.uk.s3.amazonaws.com/vtc/2015-16/15-16_int_04/website/eng/9%20-%20Useful%20Theories%20and%20their%20application%20to%20media%20texts/the-exotic.html

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One of the characteristics is The Exotic: this is the way in which media represents people that differ from us whether it is positively and/or negatively. This can be done by the way they look, what they wear and the different customs they acquire. The Exotic representation links to Stuart Hall's Theory of "otherness"; the use of the media language to create representations and "stereotyping is often used to assert power."
This is an example of 'The Exotic' being represented in a music video.

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In the film genre comedy, the audience is encouraged to laugh at the ethnic stereotypes. This is commonly used as racial humour which was popular back in the 1970s were it was more acceptable. An example of this was Citizen Khan, a TV programme that stereotyped how a Pakistani community in Britain. The programme received many complaints of how wrongly they have portrayed the community.

Groundskeeper Willie from The Simpsons shows the representation of humorous as he stereotypes different ethnicities.

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The representations of the minority are seen as vulnerable and deprived of their experiences of natural disasters or even conflicts.
This is usually seen in newspapers or television adverts of developing countries. This can be also used for charity campaigns to culture shock the audience.
Unicef and other charity campaigns are usually the example where 'The Pitied' are represented in the media.

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This theory is about representing ethnic minorities as threats to society and shifts the blame to all social problems. Due to their lack of personalisation makes it easier for them to blame for a range of social problems.
Ghettoisation of some social groups reinforce the ideas of being different can be seen as the norm. The media text used as newspaper label people in a negative light to enforce fear of the 'unknown' by grouping individuals; an example of this is immigrants being labelled as scroungers and benefit cheats.
An example of the representation 'The Dangerous' seen in the media about the minority.

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Stuart Hall's 'The Spectacle of the "Other''

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Stuart Hall's 'The Spectacle of the "Other''

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Stereotypes are simple and memorable are widely recognised characteristics of a person, this reduces everything about the person's traits to simplify them.
Stereotyping reduces and naturalises the 'difference'.
This is also exploits a strategy of 'splitting'. This divides the normal from the abnormal and the acceptable to the unacceptable.

Reference:
HALL, S., Evans, J. and Nixon, S. (eds.) (2013) Representation. Second edition. London: Sage.

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Looking at the world through a white person's eyes. This is shown in many hollywood films. This is seen as 'the world as told by white people for white people'.

Reference:
https://abagond.wordpress.com/2009/02/18/white-gaze/

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The Power of the White Gaze in Hollywood.

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The Power of the White Gaze in Hollywood.

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Whiteness unconsciously becomes the standard for the cinematic excellence. Internalising dominant white culture as the 'norm'. Internalising the middle age class gaze; using different lens to interpret the different reality. Most white gazers, are unaware of their own prejudices when they pass judgement.

Reference:
https://www.huffingtonpost.com/joe-brewster/hollywood-the-power-of-th_b_6738578.html

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Representation of Asians in Hollywood have been white washed in order to fit the narrative of the film. This can be an example of the movie Ghost In The Shell(2017) and the original Ghost In The Shell(2015/1995) where the setting of the movie is based in Japan and the actor playing the character is Scarlett Johansson; this caused controversy between fans of the original movie where the character is played by a Japanese actor Motoko Kusanagi is a Japanese woman/cyborg is not just the messenger for the people living in Japan. This was one of the examples where white washing was shown towards Asians in hollywood films.

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The media company that produced the movie stated that they "intend" to use CGI to allow Johansson's features to look more 'Asian'.
One of the companies that produced the movie, Paramount responded to the report, saying that “A test was done related to a specific scene for a background actor which was ultimately discarded. Absolutely no visual effects tests were conducted on Scarlett’s character and we have no future plans to do so.”

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'Ghost in the Shell' Ran Tests to Make White Actors Look Asian

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According to sources, producers tested visual effects to "shift the ethnicity" of actors to make them appear more Asian.

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The story behind the original movie is fundamentally different to what we see now; this shows what has occurred after the World War. Ghost in The Shell is a cyberized future in the modern day of extreme patriotism.
The meaning behind the Ghost in The Shell is Japan gaining their own national identity.

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Ghost In The Shell(2017) is an example where whitewashing has occurred especially when the company Paramount and Dreamworks released the character being played by Scarlett Johansson; this is when fans of the original movie protested acclaiming that the character should be played by a native Japanese. Even other Asian actors have proclaimed that it was wrong for the company to cast an Asian-lead instead of being whitewashed by Hollywood.

Reference:
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1219827/?ref_=nv_sr_4

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Even other Asian actors have proclaimed that it was wrong for the company to cast an Asian-lead instead of being whitewashed by Hollywood. Constance Wu even pointed that this is not solving the central problem that Hollywood is facing. Paramount later came with the statement stating that they will use visual effects for Johansson to look more Asian but when the movie came out; this showed that they did not include any visual effects as well as the directors of the film claiming that they were not intending to change the characteristics of Johansson's character.

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When a mercenary warrior played by Matt Damon; is imprisoned within the Great Wall, he then discovers what is behind one of the greatest wonders of the world.
As a wave after a wave of beasts, his quest for fortune turns into a a journey towards 'heroism' as he joins the largest elite army of warriors to confront its unimaginable and seemingly unstoppable force.

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Matt Damon was casted as a protagonist to portray as a hero yet the movie is set in ancient China. This is a form of whitewashing, white actors are repeatedly picked to be the leads in blockbuster films rather than other ethnicities though the majority of the cast members are dominated by Asians.

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The director of the film The Great Wall responded with the statement he wouldn't "cast" anyone in any of his movies if it was untrue to its 'artistic vision'.

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Other examples of whitewashing in Hollywood

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Other examples of whitewashing in Hollywood

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Movies like Last Samurai is another example where a white actor is playing a white character portrayed as the hero yet again the movie is set in Japan. This is to illustrate the way that the audience will see is white characters being heroes in another blockbuster film.