# data[].attributes.body
*From 17th to late 20th century
*Students didn't have equal education opportunities.
*In the south it was illegal to teach blacks how to read and write

# data[].attributes.body
Susan Blow opened the first successful public kindergarten in the United States in 1873

by 1879 a total of 131 teacher were working in 53 kindergarten classes

The U.S. Bureau of Education recorded a total of 12 kindergartens in the country in 1873, with 72 teachers and 1,252 students.

2008- enrollments 2,659,000 in public schools and 320,000 in private kindergartens (Snyder & Dillow, 2010)

# data[].attributes.body
Elizabeth Palmer Peabody opened it the in Boston Massachusetts (1860)

# data[].attributes.body
Margarethe Schurz opened the first US kindergarten in her home at the Watertown, Wisconsin, in 1855.

Her small neighborhood class was conducted in German

# data[].attributes.body
stressed the motor development and self-activity of children before they began formal schooling at the elementary level

play, games, stories, music, and language activities

# data[].attributes.body
Native schools were created by the Quakers, who thought slavery was pure evil. In 1819 there was finally federal funds for reservation school. Only 300 of 4,000 Native Americans went to school.

# data[].attributes.body
"garden where children grow"

# data[].attributes.body
Morrill provided federal land for states to sell or to rent to raise funds for the establishment of colleges of agriculture and mechanical arts.

# data[].attributes.body
At the end of the American Revolution almost all African Americans were slaves. The only way they were really taught was from their masters or small church affiliated programs.

# data[].attributes.body
1. general knowledge courses

2. courses in pedagogy (or teaching)

3. practice teaching in a model school affiliated with the normal school

# data[].attributes.body
Champion of the common schools movement- led to the free, public, locally, controlled elementary schools

# data[].attributes.body
rural residents and taxpayers

members of artistic and conservative groups

owners of private schools

members of conservative religious sets

southerners

non-English speaking residents

# data[].attributes.body
city residents and non-taxpayers

democratic leaders

philanthropists and humanitarians

members of school societies

workers

# data[].attributes.body
1821 first state-supported high school in the United States, Boston English Classical School

# data[].attributes.body
congressman of Vermont

# data[].attributes.body
first secretary of a state board of education

spokesman for common schools

lawyer and senator

# data[].attributes.body
First public Normal School in the United States opened in Lexington Massachusetts on July 3 1839

# data[].attributes.body
REVEREND W. H. McGUFFY
Wrote children books for ages first through sixth grade. He had the greatest impact on what children learned.