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This article talks about the science behind ESP.  As well as the tarot cards and an experiment done with them.
Confirmation bias would be the red flag used here.  Using the tarot cards is a great big confirmation bias or can be.

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Extrasensory Perception (ESP), Science, The Roots of Consciousness

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Although many of you reading this book, like myself, have few personal doubts that something like extrasensory perception is real, the effort to establish ESP as a scientific fact has been a continuous struggle the outcome of which still remains uncertain.

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This article talks about the background of ESP.  It talks about the many theories that have been made regarding ESP.  Ideology Is a good way to talk about this article.  It talks about a lot of theories about ESP.

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ESP or extrasensory perception is most commonly called the "sixth sense". It is sensory information that an individual receives which comes beyond the ordinary five senses sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. It can provide the individual with information of the present, past, and future; as it seems to originate in a second, or alternate reality.

The term "ESP" was used in 1870 by Sir Richard Burton. A French researcher, Dr. Paul Joire, in 1892 used the term to describe the ability of person who had been hypnotized or were in a trance state to externally sense things without using their ordinary senses.

However, the phenomena of ESP activity has been indicated much earlier, some say even in Biblical times. Although there is no clear evidence as to the certainty of the phenomena it has attracted the attention and enthusiasm of many throughout the centuries.

In the 1920's a Munich ophthalmologist, Dr. Rudolph Tischner, used ESP in describing the "externalization of sensibility." Then in the 1930s the American parapsychologist J. B. Rhine popularized the term to include psychic phenomena similar to sensory functions. Rhine was among the first parapsychologists to test extra sensory perception phenomena in the laboratory.

The first systematic study of ESP was conducted in 1882, when the Society for Psychical Research was founded n London. The journals of this society Proceedings and J ournal were published as well as other publications in the United States and the Netherlands. Soon other countries were reporting similar findings.

However, these first studies of extrasensory perception were rarely experimental. The studies consisted of mostly spontaneous incidents that were located. Many of the individuals studied were self-claimed "sensitives" or psychics. Rarely were they examined under anything resembling laboratory conditions. The researchers conducting the examinations resembled prosecuting lawyers. The subjects were bombarded with questions, those standing up the best were judged creditable.

The first card-guessing ESP experiments were conducted by Rhine at Duke University in 1930. The cards consisted of five designs, now called ESP symbols, a square, a circle, a plus sign, a five pointed star, and a set of three wavy lines. The symbols were printed singly, in black ink, on cards resembling playing cards.

In the classic Rhine experiments on extra sensory perception, the subject tries to guess or "call" the order of the five symbols when they are randomly arranged in a deck of 25 ESP cards. The likelihood of calling a card correctly by chance is one in five. Therefore, it is possible to calculate how often a particular score is likely to occur by chance in a given number of calls. It was Rhine" argument that when his subjects made high scores that could be expected by chance only once in a thousand tries, or once in a million, they displayed "extrachance" results, or ESP.

Criticisms

The early experiments faced several criticisms. Two were automatically dismissed:

1. The statistics were unsound which was refuted by the president of the American Mathematical Association.

2. That ESP is physical impossibility which begs the question.

Several appropriate criticisms were accepted by Rhine which he used to improve his experiments. Examples are:

1. There may have been sensory cues. An example of this is that if a strong light shined on the back of the ESP cards, it might be possible to see the symbol through the back. Currently to avoid this possibility the target card is covered by an oblique shielding, or kept far from the subject.

2. An experimenter that knows the target might whisper it or otherwise give a cue to the subject. Presently no one in contact with the subject knows the target.

3. More hits might be recorded than actually occurred.. Currently hits and responses are recorded by machine or by someone not knowing either.

Three criticism remain:

1. The "file drawer" effect. Only favorable results are published. Larger experimental data like one in a million make this unlikely.

2. Results are inconsistent and not repeatable. This can be remedied statistically.

3. Charges of fraud. Can be refuted by other reputable investigators obtaining similar results.

There was a finding which seemed puzzling until better understood. While some label it "missing-ESP" it might be thought of as reverse-ESP too. It is found among subject who dislike ESP. Even though the subjects were consciously trying to achieve good scores, they scored lower than chance. An unconscious factor seemed to come into play here. Experimenters have found they can predict higher scores for some groups (for example, those who are interested and relaxed), and lower scores for other groups (those who show fear, negativity, or boredom). The factor of missing-ESP indicates why ESP data is unreliable.

More recently computer games are increasingly being used to test this phenomena. The computer is programmed so that a random series determines the targets, and the subjects attempt to outguess the computer.

Another factor that researchers and experimenters must watched for in all psychical experiments is preconceived or previously learned knowledge. This concerns any knowledge which might influence the subject's activity. For example, a person might say she sensed her son would telephone her on that certain day at that specific time. If the son had previously called her in such a fashion, then her sensation must be suspect for it might have been based upon knowledge of her son's previous performance. A person might strongly feel that he would receive an email message from a friend on a certain day, and he does; but, can this be considered a extrasensory perception phenomenon considering that this person had not head from the other person for sometime and was expecting the message. The point being made is that when dealing with psychic phenomena all factors must be considered when examining the performance.

In New Frontiers of the Mind (1937) Rhine said that ESP experiments were changing the way people thought the mind sensed information. Historically learned people held the human mind received information through the ordinary five senses, and that therefore, the mind is subject to the laws of the mechanical world. Laboratory tests have attempted to determine the existence of ESP, and discover the physical mechanism by which it operates. "The mind has been equated with the brain, and scientists search to discover how extra sensory perception registers in the brain/mind."

However, increasing evidence is demonstrating that ESP does exist, but it cannot be explained or quantified by physical laws; and furthermore, that the mind (consciousness) and the brain are two separate entities. Simultaneously, research in quantum physics points to the existence of a second, nonmaterial universe. So, the time is fast approaching when Western scientists must come to terms with the Eastern mystical concept: "that an extrasensory force exists in another realty, and intersects and integrates with the physical world."

In function, ESP is dissimilar to the ordinary senses. There is no location like governs the other senses which receive information through various parts of the body; and it is not dependent on any of the other five senses. ESP is independent of such factors as geography, time, intelligence, age, or education.

ESP has been given various names. In the 19th century is was called "cryptesthesia," later it was labeled "relesthesia" which since became clairvoyance, or "seeing in the distance." It was Rhine who coined the term "general extrasensory perception" (GESP) to include both telepathy and clairvoyance. Later the term psi was designated to cover E.S.P. and PK.

It was researcher Lousia E. Rhine who proposed the theory that ESP starts in the unconscious, a storehouse of memories, hopes and fears. At this point a contact is made between the objective world and the center of the mind. The person remains unaware of this contact until or unless the information is brought to the conscious level. Also, the psychiatrist Carl G. Jung proposed a similar theory that the conscious mind has subliminal psychic access to the collective unconscious, a vast repository of accumulative wisdom and experience of the human race.

Others theories attempting to explain ESP have been produced. One such theory involved macrophages, cells present in connective tissue, lymph nodes, and bone marrow and tied to nerve endings. The person thought these might be the body's ESP organs, sending and receiving impressions below the normal perceptive level. Such cells are more sensitive and active during childhood, but deteriorate without proper diet.

Some theories involve the discussion of two subconsciousnesses, the second one sometimes called the superconsciousness, soul, subliminal self, transcendent ego, dream self and several other terms. The argument rest on the hypothesis that two realities exist, the physical one and a second one. ESP can occur when there is a integration between both realities. This occurs infrequently only when the barriers between the realities are broken which does not happen often because if it did all unconscious thought would flood and overflow the conscious mind. A condition which the mind could not withstand.

When considering types or forms that ESP might take dreams become an important factor, especially in relationship to the theory of two realities. Upon this basis dreams were separated into two categories: realistic, vivid having detailed imagery of the information conveyed, and intuition which includes "gut feelings." forebodings, and premonitions; and unrealistic dreams containing fantastical imagery and symbols. Hallucinations that relayed visual and auditory information also were included. Rhine suggested the reason for dreams being efficient carriers of esper messages is because the barriers surrounding the conscious mind appear to be thinnest.

It has been discovered that the natural tendency for ESP in individuals can be distorted by previous prejudices, thoughts, and conditioning. Likewise, inaccurate ESP messages may be the result of distortions and blockages of the conscious mind. However, in times of crisis such as accidents and death of loved ones, ESP messages seem to occur spontaneously. It is theorized that perhaps trauma and shock enable negative information to penetrate the subliminal barriers more easily than happy information.

There are theories concerning individuals who possess extrasensory perception and how they acquired this ability. One theory holds that some people such as seers, prophets and diviners were bore with the gift which was inherited by their relatives. Another theory hold that it is` a primordial sense which has decreased in populations as their cultures advanced. Still another theory claims ESP is a supersense which evolves in the nervous system.

Psychical research does support the theory that everyone is born with extra sensory capability, though some may possess more than others. Most people have experienced at least one ESP experience in their lives. It was found in a survey published in 1987 by the University of Chicago's National Opinion Research Council, that 67 percent of all adult Americans believed they have experienced extra sensory perception. Eleven years earlier the figure was 58 percent. It was thought the increase indicates an increased acceptance of the possibility of ESP among the general public. A.G.H.

See also Telepathy.

Gertrude Schmeidler, Sources: 29, The City College, New York, 61.

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ESP - Extrasensory Perception - What is E.S.P. - Extra Sensory Perception

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ESP or extrasensory perception is most commonly called the "sixth sense". It is sensory information that an individual receives which comes beyond the ordinary five senses sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. It can provide the individual with information of the present, past, and future; as it seems to originate in a second, or alternate reality.

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This video talks about tarot cards again.  This is all very interesting to me but I don't believe in it.  It shows conformation bias the red flag.  Do to the fact that people don't remember the wrong guesses only the right ones so they think someone is a psychic when really they are not.

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A short video on the first scientific studies conducted on extra sensory perception. ESP, 6th sense mind over matter brainwaves J.B. Rhine Duke education Zenner cards experiment remote viewing

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This is a video about extrasensory perception.  The host talks about extrasensory perception and attempts to explain how it works in away that everyone can understands.  I myself don't believe in extrasensory perception but many people do it seems to me that some of it is a Proof by verbosity red flag.  People believe because there is a lot of information on it.  They can't see anything else.  As well red herring red flag.  Also Simplicity of why people would believe weird things.

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What Is ESP (Extrasensory Perception)? | Psychic Abilities

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This video shows the waking of the third eye.  This is unexplained as of yet.  Many people believe in it.  But few can actually do it.  I tried and I could not do it even following the way he did it maybe because I am a skeptic.

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Binaural Beat Subliminal Visualization Video & Manifestation Movie

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Guided Kriya Yoga Meditation for Health and Healing

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How To Open The Third Eye - A How To Open The Third Eye Technique

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http://www.TanaHoy.com How to open the Third Eye is important to understand. In this How To Open The Third Eye video I am going to teach you: 1. What is the Third eye? 2. How to awaken your Third Eye 3. How to activate your Third Eye By the end of this video, you will know: 1.

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This picture shows the name of the project that is being done.  It looked like it fit well with the theme that is going with the rest of the project.

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This picture shows the tarot cards used in the above article.   This article which uses conformation bias to do the tarot cards reading.  Even though they say they are doing it blind no one remembers the wrong answers.

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This image shows the third eye or about where it would be on the head.  I don't believe in it but i was able to find a video that shows you how to open it which is also the mystical energy red flag.  It doesn't make a lot of sense but so many people believe that is done all over the world.

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The website gives a definition on ESP, then it goes on to talk about an episode that happened to Charles Tart.  It also talks about if dogs have ESP and what skeptics would say about the Charles Tart episode. The red flag that works best here is mystical energy.  Talking about extrasensory perception does not make it true but seeing for some people is believing.

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ESP - extrasensory perception - The Skeptic's Dictionary - Skepdic.com

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anecdotal. The anecdotes consist of two parts: the experience itself and the interpretation of it. A story may be true, but the attempt to make sense or give psychic meaning to the story often seems to the skeptic to exceed the bounds of reasonableness. The following example is a classic.