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In 1869, Friedrich Miescher isolated "nuclein," DNA with associated proteins, from cell nuclei. He was the first to identify DNA as a distinct molecule.

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British bacteriologist whose 1928 experiment with bacterium was the first to reveal the “transforming principle,” which led to the discovery that DNA acts as the carrier of genetic information.

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1930,  In a very simple experiment, Oswald Avery's group showed that DNA was the "transforming principle." When isolated from one strain of bacteria, DNA was able to transform another strain and confer characteristics onto that second strain. DNA was carrying hereditary information.

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1952 , Hershey and Chase concluded that protein was not genetic material, and that DNA was genetic material. ... The Hershey-Chase experiments mostly ended scientists' suspicions that genes were made of protein rather than DNA.

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In 1949, Chargaff discovered that the proportions of bases in DNA depend on the species the DNA comes from. This was a major break from what scientists had believed until then.

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Taken in 1952, this image is the first X-ray picture of DNA, which led to the discovery of its molecular structure by Watson and Crick. Created by Rosalind Franklin using a technique called X-ray crystallography, it revealed the helical shape of the DNA.

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In February 1953, Linus Pauling proposed a structure for deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, in their article “A Proposed Structure for the Nucleic Acids,” henceforth “Nucleic Acids.” In the article, Pauling

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In 1953, Wilkins crystallized DNA in a form suitable for quantitative X-ray diffraction work and obtained the best quality X-ray images seen at that time.

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The discovery in 1953 of the double helix, the twisted-ladder structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), by James Watson and Francis Crick marked a milestone in the history of science and gave rise to modern molecular biology, which is largely concerned with understanding how genes control the chemical processes within