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For underground mining it is necessary to carry out tunnels, shafts, chimneys and galleries, as well as chambers. The most used methods are through tunnels and pillars, subsidence, cutting and filling.

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One of the disadvantages is that this method of mining is much more dangerous than surface mining and that there is a much higher risk of death.
The advantages of this mining is that you can go much lower in the earth, and that you can find many more minerals.

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Sub-surface mining is done through tunnels, different tunnels can be dug in different directions, each of the directions is to reach a specific place.

Horizontal tunnels called galleries are dug at different levels of depth. The levels communicate with each other by vertical workings and inclined chimneys, which have multiple functions: ventilation, energy, water, mineral transfer and personnel.

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The characteristics of every surface mine depend upon the mine's location and the material being mined. However, there are physical characteristics common to most surface mines as a result of similarities in mining operations, types of materials being mined, and federal regulations. This course covers those common physical characteristics of surface mines.

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The advantages of open pit mining include economic and financial benefits for miners and communities and a safer alternative to open pit mining, but its disadvantages include environmental impacts, such as erosion and contamination.

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surface mining,method of extracting minerals near the surface of the earth.
the three most common types of surface mining are open-pit mining,strip mining,and quarrying.See also minig and coal mining.

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There are five recognized types of surface mining, each with specific variations depending on the minerals being extracted. These include strip mining, open-pit mining, mountaintop removal, dredging and highwall mining.In order to remove the minerals that are under the Overbruden, first, you have to remove it so that you can then start looking for the mineral you are looking for.