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Postorbital Bar- The number and size of teeth can vary but almost all canines and molars are absent or reduced except for the organisms that they turn into tusks.

Nasal Bones- The nasal bones in these organisms are not expanded which causes the organisms nose shape.

Paraxonic Limb Structure- The symmetry in the foot passes through the two middle digits. The thumb in most is absent causing the organism to have an even number of toes.

Large Bones- The animals in this taxonomic group have large bones which have been shown through fossils and they give the animals their unique structure.

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Darwins theories are shown through this taxonomic group. Decent with modification is shown in my group through the adaptive radiation that occurred when Earth was evolving to allow animals to live in water and on land.
Stabilizing Selection occurs in my group especially in Giraffes because if a Giraffe is too short it will not be able to eat leaves but if the Giraffe is too tall all of the leaves in that area might be all gone.

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This phylogenetic tree shows which organisms are closely related and also shows which organisms are further apart but are still in the same group. For example, this tree shows that dolphins and hippos are very closely related and it shows that giraffes and camels are not closely related.

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G. camelopardalis has a population that is starting to go extinct and it will not grow any larger. Giraffes travel in small groups so they can get separated from the large group  and only breed with the same animals that they roam with. If the population of giraffes had been larger the animal would not be almost extinct it would only have a slight population decrease.

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Dolphins have been affected by geographic isolation because there are different types of dolphins all over the world. They all travel in groups and get separated from others and start their own species. They also get separated by land masses such as the dolphins that live on the west and east coast. Geographic isolation causes these animals to develop differently for their environment. They can also cause them to go extinct because they will have less variation which could cause the whole population to wipe out if one thing went wrong.

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http://www.ultimateungulate.com/Cetartiodactyla.html
http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Artiodactyla/
http://understanddolphins.tripod.com/dolphinexternalfeatures.html
http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/science/dolphin-aquatic-mammal-characteristics-species.html
http://www.giraffeworlds.com/giraffe-habitat/
http://www.theanimalfiles.com/mammals/hoofed_mammals/giraffe.html
http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/giraffe/
http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Bos_taurus/#behavior
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2310980/Jurassic-coast-Remains-195-million-year-old-dolphin-like-reptile-Dorset.html
http://www.crystalinks.com/fossilseacow.html

https://archaeologynewsnetwork.blogspot.com/2016/01/scientists-weigh-in-on-giraffe-relative.html#Qyy3mG6pOzCPWK0C.97

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2580220/Worlds-oldest-sonar-unearthed-Whale-fossils-reveal-creatures-using-sound-32-MILLION-years-ago.html
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2777972/
http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/similarity_ms_08

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The karyotypes of dolphins (on the left) and humans (on the right) are very similar and that shows that they are closely related. The similarity is that they have the same amount of chromosomes and sex chromosomes. The difference is they have them spaced out in the human karyotype the top row has 5, the next row has 7, the next row has 6 and the next row has 5. In the dolphin karyotype the top row has 2, the next row has 9, the next row has 6, and the last row has 5.

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Coevolution: Sharks and dolphins used coevolution two evolve with each other. They both have a streamlined body and one fin on the top of their bodies and two fins on their sides. They evolved to have the same body shape but they are very different on the inside. Sharks have skeletons made of cartilage but dolphins have skeletons made of bone. Sharks have gills to breathe in water. Yet, dolphins need to surface to breathe air. Sharks do not nurse their young but dolphins do.
Gradual Speciation: Change in this group occurs over a long period of time.

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There was adaptive radiation in extant Cetaceans when the oceans reconstructed. The animals went from terrestrial to aquatic mammals. When the oceans reconstructed the animals got separated and they went their separate ways which allowed them more room to live in the ocean.

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The taxonomy in a group of animals can explain the similarities between them. An example is if two animals have the same Kingdom, Phylum, Class, and Order these animals or organisms have evolved  from the same ancestor. If animals have evolved from the same ancestor this will allow them to have some of the same characteristics even if the organisms do not look a like.

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Name of fossil: Cotylocara macei

Age of fossil: 28 million years old

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Name of fossil: Hippopotamus Lemerlei
Age of fossil: 35,000 years ago

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Name of Fossil: Sivatherium giganteum
Age of fossil: between 5 million and 12,000 years ago

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Name of Fossil: Dugong (Sea Cow)
Age of Fossil: 50 Million years old (Paleogene Period)

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Name of fossil: Ichthyosaur
Age of fossil: Jurassic (195 million years old)

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Common Name- Giraffe
Kingdom-Animalia
Phylum- Chordata
Class- Mammalia
Order- Artiodactyla
Family- Giraffidae
Genus- Giraffa
Species- G. camelopardalis

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Common Name- Cattle
Kingdom-Animalia
Phylum- Chordata
Class- Mammalia
Order- Certartiodactyla
Family- Bovidae
Genus- Bos
Species- B. taurus

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Common name: Bottlenose Dolphin
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Certartiodactyla
Family: Delphinidae
Genius: Tursiops
Species: Bottlenose

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Location found & habitat specific information:
Grasslands all over the world
Physical characteristics (internal & external)
Domestic cows are large, sturdy animals. Weight ranges from 147 kilograms to 1363 kilograms, and height from 49-52 inches. The body is covered in short hair, the color of which varies from black through white, reddish brown, and brown. Domestic cows have short necks with dewlaps hanging below the chin. They have two hollow horns and a long tufted tail. They can be used as working animals for plowing and moving heavy loads. Domestic cows have no upper incisors, instead they have a thick layer called the dental pad. The jaws are designed for the circular grinding motion used to crush coarse vegetation.
Behavioral characteristics:
Cow herds are structured according to a dominance hierarchy. Each individual must yield to those above it in the hierarchy. Calves adopt their mother's status in the hierarchy. Females are often protective of their young and chase anything that threatens them. Females also share parental care within the group. Dominant males maintain this status until defeated by younger males in challenges.

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Location found & habitat specific information:
African Savanna or woodlands
They move to find food
Habitats are shrinking
Survive better in savanna because they need more room to roam.
Internal Physical Characteristics :
3 canine teeth to strip leaves from branches
Can see in color
Massive heart
External:
Long necks up to 7 vertebrae
Long blue/ black tongues
Large eyes, medium ears
Various shaped and colored patches

Behavioral characteristics:
Battles between males to become leader
Travel the grasslands in small groups around 6.

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Location found & habitat specific information:
Temperate and tropical waters worldwide
Dolphins in coastal areas have smaller bodies but larger flippers, are adapted to warmer and shallow waters, and have different blood characteristics.
Dolphins in off shore locations have larger bodies, are adapted for colder and deeper waters, and have certain blood characteristics.
External Characteristics:
Range from 6 to 12.5 feet in length
300-1400 pounds
Slit ears
Eyes that operate independently
Skin lacks sweat glands and is thick
Vary in color
Internal Characteristics:

Eco-type dolphins have different blood to allow them to live in cold deep waters
200 + teeth
Similar brain to humans
Behavioral characteristics:
Dolphins are capable of imitation and memorization; they demonstrate foresight, learn from observation, communicate experience, solve complex problems, perform elaborate tasks, and learn multiple procedures simultaneously.