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The Wik people of Cape York, in northern Queensland, sought more say over their land that had been granted pastoral lease from the Queensland government. They took it to the federal court in 1996 but could not succeed because the grant of pastoral lease under the Queensland law extinguished native title rights. In December 1996, the High Court decided that a pastoral lease did not give pastoralists exclusive right to the land, therefore, the Wik people and farmers who leased the land were able to co-exist. The Wik Decision of 1996 clarified that pastoral leasehold of land did not extinguish native title, but rather it asserted that farmers and Indigenous people could co-exists.

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MONTGOMERY BUS BOYCOTT

By refusing to give up her seat to a white man on a Montgomery, Alabama, city bus in 1955, black seamstress Rosa Parks (1913—2005) helped initiate the civil rights movement in the United States. The leaders of the local black community organized a bus boycott that began the day Parks was convicted of violating the segregation laws. Led by a young Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., the boycott lasted more than a year—during which Parks not coincidentally lost her job—and ended only when the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that bus segregation was unconstitutional. Over the next half-century, Parks became a nationally recognized symbol of dignity and strength in the struggle to end entrenched racial segregation.

Civil rights activist Rosa Parks was born on February 4, 1913, in Tuskegee, Alabama. Her refusal to surrender her seat to a white passenger on a Montgomery, Alabama bus spurred a city-wide boycott. The city of Montgomery had no choice but to lift the law requiring segregation on public buses. Rosa Parks received many accolades during her lifetime, including the NAACP's highest award.

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Martin Luther King Jr. : March on Washington

"Martin Luther King Jr was an American Baptist minister and activist who was a leader in the African-American Civil Rights Movement. (Unknown, 2016)" Martin Luther King used a non-violent approach such as sit-ins. He was a minister before he became a leader of the SNCC (Student Non-violent Co-ordinating Committee) Between 200,000 and 300,000 people marched for civil rights in August 1963. The march was a key factor in the enactment of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968. The March symbolises the unity of a nation becoming one and leaving discrimination behind and moving forward into a more positive future. The Great March on Washington, was one of the largest political rallies for human rights in United States history and demanded civil and economic rights for African Americans

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The stolen generation was an event during Australian History in which Aboriginal children from their  families. This was in order to give them a "better" future and education. Between 1910-1970 it is estimated that 10-30% of Indigenous children were forcibly removed from their families in the name of assimilation. Assimilation is defined as the process by which a people group acquires the social and psychological characteristics of another group. The assimilation policy was created in 1937. Sometimes even children from a parent who have been removed were then removed themselves. These children after being removed sometimes were never even brought back to their families and more often then not didn't even know about their true background and where they actually came from. Until the 1990's almost every non-Aboriginal Australians didn't even realise that the forcible removal of children was happening until the Indigenous leaders campaigned the federal government to take action.  Eventually some children were released back to their homes and the forcible removal of children stopped.

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Closing the Gap (Australian Reconciliation

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Closing the Gap (Australian Reconciliation

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Reconciliation of Australia is about the unity and respect between the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders and Non-Indigenous Australians. In 1992 PM Paul Keating delivered a famous speech in Redfern, to a large population of Indigenous Australians. Indigenous Australians were then established citizen status and the right to vote was Most of the Australians at the time voted for the clauses in the Australian Constitution which discriminated against Indigenous Australians were to be removed. In 1962 the right to vote for Aboriginal people was legislated by the Commonwealth, Queensland was the last state to do so in 1965. As a result, the Referendum was then used to make laws that benefited the Indigenous Australians.

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In the summer of 2008, the prime minister of the australia apologises to the aboriginals with an inspirational apology, for the hurt and racism that white people have burdened the aboriginals with.  We apologise for the hurt, the pain and suffering we the parliament have caused you by the laws that previous parliaments have enacted. We apologise for the indignity, the degradation, and the humiliation these laws embodied. We offer this apology to the mothers, the fathers, the brothers, the sisters, the families and the communities whose lives were ripped apart by the actions of successive governments under successive parliaments. This speech was long awaited, there was tension between the aboriginal and white community and this speech. This speech was one of the most important things that has ever occured in the parliament, and maybe even in the history of the whole country. It was an inspiration to white and aboriginals alike and brought the two communities together and established an irreversible friendship betweenaboriginals and white people. This speech sought to improve the life expectancy of the aboriginals, and improve education

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In the summer of 2008, the prime minister of the australia apologises to the aboriginals with an inspirational apology, for the hurt and racism that white people have burdened the aboriginals with.  We apologise for the hurt, the pain and suffering we the parliament have caused you by the laws that previous parliaments have enacted. We apologise for the indignity, the degradation, and the humiliation these laws embodied. We offer this apology to the mothers, the fathers, the brothers, the sisters, the families and the communities whose lives were ripped apart by the actions of successive governments under successive parliaments. This speech was long awaited, there was tension between the aboriginal and white community and this speech. This speech was one of the most important things that has ever occured in the parliament, and maybe even in the history of the whole country. It was an inspiration to white and aboriginals alike and brought the two communities together and established an irreversible friendship betweenaboriginals and white people. This speech sought to improve the life expectancy of the aboriginals, and improve education

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In 1964 Congress passed Public Law 88-352 (78 Stat. 241). The provisions of this civil rights act forbade discrimination on the basis of sex as well as race in hiring, promoting, and firing. The word "sex" was added at the last moment. According to the West Encyclopedia of American Law, Representative Howard W. Smith (D-VA) added the word. His critics argued that Smith, a conservative Southern opponent of federal civil rights, did so to kill the entire bill. Smith, however, argued that he had amended the bill in keeping with his support of Alice Paul and the National Women's Party with whom he had been working. Martha W. Griffiths (D-MI) led the effort to keep the word "sex" in the bill. In the final legislation, Section 703 (a) made it unlawful for an employer to "fail or refuse to hire or to discharge any individual, or otherwise to discriminate against any individual with respect to his compensation, terms, conditions or privileges or employment, because of such individual's race, color, religion, sex, or national origin." The final bill also allowed sex to be a consideration when sex is a bona fide occupational qualification for the job. Title VII of the act created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) to implement the law.
Subsequent legislation expanded the role of the EEOC. Today, according to the U. S. Government Manual of 1998-99, the EEOC enforces laws that prohibit discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin, disability, or age in hiring, promoting, firing, setting wages, testing, training, apprenticeship, and all other terms and conditions of employment. Race, color, sex, creed, and age are now protected classes. The proposal to add each group to protected-class status unleashed furious debate. But no words stimulate the passion of the debate more than "affirmative action."

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In August 1966, Aboriginal pastoral workers walked off the job on the vast Vesteys' cattle station at Wave Hill in the Northern Territory. At first they expressed their unhappiness with their poor working conditions and disrespectful treatment. Conversations between stockmen who had worked for Vesteys and Dexter Daniels, the North Australian Workers' Union Aboriginal organiser, led to the initial walk off.

The next year the group moved to Wattie Creek, a place of significance to the Gurindji people. They asked Frank Hardy to 'make a sign' which included the word 'Gurindji', their own name for themselves. Their disaffection was deeper than wages and working conditions.

Although these stockmen and their families could not read, they understood the power of the white man's signs. Now their name for themselves, written on a sign, asserted a claim to Gurindji lands.

I bin thinkin' this bin Gurindji country. We bin here longa time before them Vestey mob. Vincent Lingiari. [1]

In 1967 after hearing Minister for the Interior Peter Nixon's plan to dismiss the Gurindji claim to their land, Ted Egan wrote 'Gurindji Blues'. A singer/songwriter who had a long association with Aboriginal people in the Northern Territory, Egan listened to the Gurindji people and recorded their views about land in the song.

'Gurindji Blues' was recorded by RCA records in 1971 with a young Yolngu spokesman, Galarrwuy Yunupingu, accompanying Egan.

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Who: A group of university students in Sydney, who had shown their support for the US Rights Civil Movement, formed a Student Action for Aborigines (SAFA) with Aboriginal student Charles Perkins as its chairman.

When: 12th February, 1965

What: SAFA aimed to gather information and draw public attention to the conditions in which the Aboriginal People were living in Northern and North-Western NSW, done by a two-week bus journey.

Why: Through the student action, the group hoped to break down the discrimination Aboriginal Communities experienced and encourage Aboriginal Peoples to resist discrimination themselves.

How: The students spent time in seven country towns where their activities included conducting surveys, picketing a Returned and Services League (RSL) club that did not allow membership of Aboriginal ex-servicemen, and protesting in a town where the local swimming pool segregated Aboriginal children.

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Who: A group of university students in Sydney, who had shown their support for the US Rights Civil Movement, formed a Student Action for Aborigines (SAFA) with Aboriginal student Charles Perkins as its chairman.

When: 12th February, 1965

What: SAFA aimed to gather information and draw public attention to the conditions in which the Aboriginal People were living in Northern and North-Western NSW, done by a two-week bus journey.

Why: Through the student action, the group hoped to break down the discrimination Aboriginal Communities experienced and encourage Aboriginal Peoples to resist discrimination themselves.

How: The students spent time in seven country towns where their activities included conducting surveys, picketing a Returned and Services League (RSL) club that did not allow membership of Aboriginal ex-servicemen, and protesting in a town where the local swimming pool segregated Aboriginal children.

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-Charles Nelson Perkins, AO,commonly known as Charlie Perkins,(16 June 1936 – 19 October 2000) was an Australian Aboriginal activist, soccer player and administrator.
-Charles Perkins was born in Alice Springs, originally from nearby Arltunga, to Hetti Perkins and Martin Connelly, originally from Mount Isa, Queensland.
- He was the first Aboriginal man in Australia to graduate from university.
-In 1965 he was one of the key members of the Freedom Ride – a bus tour through New South Wales by activists protesting discrimination against Aboriginal people in small towns in NSW, Australia. This action was inspired by the US Civil RightsFreedom Ride campaign in 1961.
- Perkins died on 19 October 2000 of renal failure. During the 1970s Perkins had a kidney transplant and at the time of his death was the longest post-transplant survivor in Australia.

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By 2008, the newly elected Labor Prime Minister Kevin Rudd, delivered the much awaited ' Sorry Speech '. On 13 February 2008, in a sitting of both Houses of the Commonwealth Parliament and with seventeen representative of the Stolen Generations, he made a formal apology on behalf of the nation. Although this apology was not supported by all members of the Liberal National Party Opposition, it was welcomed and acclaimed by the great majority of Australians, many of whom watched it live on television. Some Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people were disappointed that the apology was not accompanied by a promise of compensation to the victims of forced removal and their families. Despite this, across the country they rejoiced in an expression of their belief that the long process of personal and community healing could begin.

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The Tent Embassy

In 1972 on Australia Day four aboriginal men set up camps outside of the Parliament House in Canberra and put up a sign saying 'Aboriginal Embassy'. This gained them many supporters (2000+). The police kept dismantling the tents, but the Aborigines just kept reassembling them back once more. This left the public outraged and discussed at the government.

This was considered a very powerful symbol and was then known as the Aboriginal Tent Embassy. This brave act showed the strength of their sense of alienation. And helped many people across the country realise how bad things were getting and to recognise their sense of grievance and made their views known to the government.

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