# data[].attributes.body
Cada de los cuatro videos incluye ingles y español en diferentes formas. A veces se mezclan los dos idiomas. A veces se hablan o se cantan en lo que no es su primer idioma y parece rara. De eso, aprendemos que en la vida, personas que hablan español no siempre hablan  español perfecto o puro.

# data[].attributes.body
Esta familia habla español pero usan también unas palabras en ingles.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
McDonald's Spanish Commercial "Love the Most"

# data[].attributes.body
Las verduras usualmente hablan en ingles, pero aquí cantan una canción en español.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
VeggieTales: Dance of the Cucumber | Silly Songs with Larry

# data[].attributes.body
Un hombre "gringo" trata hablar en español a personas que no saben lo que está diciendo.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Rowzman of SuperStupidPoop presents "Bad Redneck Spanish." I did this video for my Latino friends who watch SSP. I put subtitles for those who don't speak Spanish. If you can't read or don't speeky da Espanol...then don't waste your time. I'm a regular white guy who has learned to speak fluent Spanish over my lifetime.

# data[].attributes.body
Un video un poco tonto explicando la lengua de "spanglish".

# data[].attributes.body
Me
english and spanish
Brother
english, italian, spanish
Parents
english
Paternal Grandparents
english
Maternal Grandparents
english

# data[].attributes.body
Personas que se hablan español tienen diferentes  acentos, dialectos, y pronunciaciones del idioma. Hay acentos que son asociados con diferentes países, y también con diferentes regiones de unos países. Unos estilos de español son muy reconocible y otros no son bien sabidos. Es probable que mucha gente sabe el acento de España, pero es difícil reconocer el acento guatemalteco.

# data[].attributes.headline
Las Diferencias de la Pronunciación en España

# data[].attributes.subject
Las Diferencias de la Pronunciación en España

# data[].attributes.body
Este hombre explica cuales letras se cambian para la pronunciación española.

# data[].attributes.body
Esta mapa demuestra que español puede ser diferente en diferentes regiones, aún en el mismo país.

# data[].attributes.body
El acento guatemalteco es lo más normal que los de otros países. Posiblemente no sería fácil detectarlo porque no es bien distinto.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Guatemalan Spanish Accent vs Other Spanish Accents

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
http://preparetoserve.com Guatemalan Spanish Accent vs Other Spanish Accents. Mexican Spanish, Guatemalan Spanish, etc.

# data[].attributes.body
Este mujer usa el humor a explica los acentos de español que los tienen personas de diferentes países.

# data[].attributes.headline
CAPíTULO 7: Variación lingüística en español

# data[].attributes.subject
CAPíTULO 7: Variación lingüística en español

# data[].attributes.body
En el estudio de la semántica, aprendimos la importancia de cada palabra y la forma en la que usamos las palabras. El enfoque o acento que ponemos, diferentes palabras que parecen el mismo, y palabras en oraciones sin sentido podían formar una vida loca imposible a comunicar. Sin embargo, el lenguaje sirve en una manera increíble!

# data[].attributes.body
Es común que en conversaciones, las dos personas hablando o participando entienden lo que está pasando, pero otras personas no pueden entender sin saber el contexto.

# data[].attributes.body
Sabemos que tenemos muchas palabras homófonas en ingles, pero hay unos en español también.

# data[].attributes.body
Homófonos son palabras de diferente significados pero el mismo sonido. Puedes decir las mismas palabras pero realmente decir dos diferentes cosas.

# data[].attributes.body
Depende en cual palabra recibe la énfasis, la oración puede significar muchas diferentes cosas.

# data[].attributes.headline
CAPíTULO 6: significado, semántica, pragmática 

# data[].attributes.subject
CAPíTULO 6: significado, semántica, pragmática 

# data[].attributes.body
Las lenguas romances, incluyendo el español, fueron derivadas de latin. Idiomas y el lenguaje pueden cambiar con tiempo y evolucionar a algo diferente. Hoy en día, se habla español en muchos diferentes lugares y hay diferentes versiones o dialectos. Así es con los otros lenguas romances también.

# data[].attributes.body
Este "TED talk" explica el concepto que idiomas cambian con el tiempo.

# data[].attributes.body
Hay un numero de idiomas que son de origen latino. Este video explica que son estos idiomas.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The Romance Languages and What Makes Them Amazing

# data[].attributes.body
El dibujo representa un mapa de europa y las lenguas que se hablan en diferentes partes del continente.

# data[].attributes.body
El diagrama explica como el idioma de español ha extendido y ahora es hablado en muchos lugares.

# data[].attributes.headline
CAPíTULO 5: Historia de la lengua español 

# data[].attributes.subject
CAPíTULO 5: Historia de la lengua español 

# data[].attributes.body
El estudio de sintaxis, aunque no es el favorito de la mayoría de la gente, todavía es una parte importante para aprender y entender el estudio el idioma. Sintaxis incluye las diferentes partes de oraciones- incluyendo los conjunciones, todos los formas de "se," y diferentes tipos de verbos como los reflexivos.

# data[].attributes.body
Esta puerta de un salon de clase contiene cartas con conjunciones. En el sintaxis de oraciones, a veces una oración tiene que tener un conjunción para completar la idea.

# data[].attributes.body
Aunque este ejemplo está en ingles, la idea transfiere a español. Es importante que las palabras en una oración estén en el orden correcto o la oración no va a tener sentido.

# data[].attributes.body
Tres formas de la palabra "se" son se reflexivo, se pasivo, y se impersonal. Este video explica las diferencias y como usar cada tipo de "se"

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
http://www.SpanishDict.com/learn - Learn more uses for "Se"! http://www.SpanishDict.com is the world's largest Spanish-English dictionary, translation, and language learning website. We develop and provide reliable, accurate, easy-to-use resources for learning Spanish. We also aim to cultivate a fun and active community where members can ask and answer questions, practice with each other, and experience the joy of using a new language.

# data[].attributes.body
Este pruebita con dibujos pregunta por los verbos correctos en el forma de infinitivos reflexivos. Todos los acciones son hechos a sus mismos.

# data[].attributes.body
En la morfología de palabras, siempre estamos cambiando la estructura de algún palabra para ajustar al situación o el resto de la oración. Hacemos diferentes cambios con palabras en todos los diferentes idiomas, pero hay categorías similares de morfología en cada idioma. No importa cual idioma es, hay diminutivos que se pueden usar, tiempos verbales, palabras con diferentes significados depende el contexto, y desafíos para superar.

# data[].attributes.body
Este dibujo es un poco chistoso, pero realmente es un buen ejemplo de como difícil es el gramática de Ingles. Tener que cambiar el raíz de una palabra es algo que se hacen en ingles, español, y también otros idiomas.

# data[].attributes.body
A veces para español dibujamos una linea para explicar la diferencia del presente, futuro, y pasado- especialmente la diferencia del pretérito y el imperfecto.  Sino no recordamos que exista un dibujo casi el mismo para los tiempos en ingles.

# data[].attributes.body
Este enlace incluye una lista de diferentes diminutivos en ingles y en español. Es fácil pensar en diminutivos en español como "-ito" pero no nos damos cuenta que los usamos en ingles también.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
By Mark Nichol

Who knew there were this many ways to alter a word to connote belittlement or affection, or merely diminishment in size? Now, you do. Here's a big list of little affixes:

1. -aster: This generally pejorative suffix denoting resemblance was common a couple hundred years ago but is rare today; the only well-known surviving instance is poetaster, a word describing an inferior poet.

7. -elle: This rare suffix occurs in organelle.

8. -en: This suffix denotes a small or young form, as in kitten, though chicken is a reverse example: Originally, in Old English (as cicen), the term for adults was fowl, and chicken denoted a young bird. It also refers what something is made of, as in woolen.

9. -erel: As with -rel, words ending in -erel are sometimes pejorative, as in doggerel.

11. -ster: This diminutive refers to a person who does or is what the root word indicates: gangster (and bankster, the recently coined sardonic extension in reaction to the perceived criminality of large banks), youngster.

14-15. -etto, -etti: The singular and plural Italian equivalents of -et are evident in borrowings from that language such as amaretto and spaghetti.

18-19. -illa, -illo: This Spanish diminutive appears in such words as vanilla and cigarillo.

20-21. -illus, -illi: This Latin form is rare, confined in usage to bacillus/bacilli and lapillus/lapilli.

22. -ine: This French diminutive is on display in figurine, tambourine, and the like. Sometimes, as with linguine, words so appended derive from Italian.

23-25. -ina, -ino -ini: These feminine and masculine forms, of Italian or Spanish origin, are shown in marina, palomino, and many other words. The plural form, -ini, is mostly associated with food: panini, zucchini.

28-29. -ita, -ito: Spanish words including the feminine form -ita (such as fajita) and -ito ( burrito, for example) have been borrowed into English.

30. -kin: This Dutch diminutive is usually found in obscure words like cannikin, but napkin survives in general usage; mannequin, more common than the Dutch-derived manikin, is the only French derivation to be used widely in English. The plural form is often attached to given names to form an affectionate diminutive: Mollykins, for example.

34. -ling: Words formed with this diminutive are generally but not exclusively affectionate: darling, duckling, but underling.

36. -ock: This form from Old English is best know in the plural usage buttocks, but it's also recognizable in hillock, mattock, and other words.

38. -ole: This rare French suffix appears in casserole.

39-40. -olo, -oli: Piccolo, borrowed from Italian by way of French, is a double diminutive, because the root word means "little"; ravioli includes a plural form of -olo.

41. -olus: This Latin diminutive shows up in scientific terminology from Latin, such as nucleolus.

44. -rel: This more common variant of -erel is often but not always pejorative: mongrel and scoundrel, but not kestrel.

In addition, the flexible prefix mini- is easily attached to any existing word, such as in miniskirt, minivan, and so on.

Subscribe to Receive our Articles and Exercises via Email

5 Responses to "50 Diminutive Suffixes (and a Cute Little Prefix)"

Klaas Jac. Eigenhuis
Only few English words have suffix -oc, -ock. Haddock 'the fish' e.g. is not an example, it is a loan from French
hadot.
In a few bitd names, like Dunnock, the suffix has a parallel in gaelic -ag.
Thanks.
Klaas Jac. Eigenhuis

Mark Nichol
ApK:

You aren't missing something, but the error has been corrected.

Clint
What about dis-aster,
and ridi-cule?

Mark MacKay
It's interesting that adding a feminine ending transforms some words into an insulting diminutive. So, the person hurling the epithet believes that the target will feel diminished, be made smaller or weaker - less than, unmaled - by an association with the feminine. Misogyny abides.

ApK
Interesting. Calculus....who'd a thunk it.
One question, though:

7. -elle: This French diminutive, appended to a person's name, is often used in forming the scientific name of a species of bacteria, as in salmonella (the legacy of one D. E. Salmon).

Am I missing something (again) or is giving an -ella example an odd way to illustrate -elle?

ApK

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
50 Diminutive Suffixes (and a Cute Little Prefix)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
By Mark Nichol Who knew there were this many ways to alter a word to connote belittlement or affection, or merely diminishment in size? Now, you do. Here's a big list of little affixes: 1.

# data[].attributes.body
Esta tabla demuestra unos ejemplos de palabras que tienen diferentes significados en el forma femenino y el forma masculino.

# data[].attributes.headline
CAPíTULO 3: La estructura de las palabras: morfologí

# data[].attributes.subject
CAPíTULO 3: La estructura de las palabras: morfologí

# data[].attributes.body
El tema de la fonética es algo complejo pero simple al mismo tiempo. Sencillamente es la división de palabras y transcripción, como silabificación y el uso del alfabeto fonético internacional. Pero también hay complejidades como las partes del boca que se usan para hablar y la pronunciación de vocales juntas en diptongos.

# data[].attributes.body
Acá es un ejemplo de las letras de una canción con las palabras divididos en sílabas. La división en español es más fluido con vocales que como los hacemos en ingles.

# data[].attributes.body
Hay una sistema internacional para transcribir cada palabra dicho en algún idioma que existe. El hombre en el video explica como usar los símbolos fonéticos.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
How can we track all of the sounds of language, exactly how we hear them? Why aren't our regular writing systems up to the challenge? This week on The Ling Space, we talk about the International Phonetic Alphabet: what it is, why we need it, and how the charts are arranged.

# data[].attributes.body
Este diagrama demonstra las partes de la boca y garganta que son usados para pronunciar los sonidos de los consonantes.

# data[].attributes.body
Diptongos son palabras que contienen dos vocales de seguida. Los sonidos que crean son diferentes en español que en ingles. Este sitio de web provee una oportunidad escuchar a unos ejemplos y como se dicen los en los dos idiomas.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Develop a native-like accent, feel successful from the very beginning, progress more quickly . . . there are lots of reasons that good pronunciation is important.

You must speak out loud!

Use this section to quickly develop confidence in your Spanish pronunciation skills. With that confidence, you will progress much more quickly. But remember, for these exercises to be effective you must speak out loud, at normal conversational volume.

Spanish Vowels

The first five lessons cover the vowels. In Spanish, the vowels have only one sound each. That's one of the reasons that Spanish words are spelled exactly how they sound. Here's an interesting fact: It only takes Spanish-speaking children about a year to master spelling. Compare that to English. I'm still wurking on my English speling!

Don't stress out over the "rr"!

You may be familiar with the "trilled r" as represented by the "rr" character. Many English speakers find this sound difficult to reproduce. If you are one of those people-don't worry about it! Eventually, you will probably get it. But even if you don't you can still sound good. You'll just have a bit of an exotic foreign accent.

If you're serious . . .

If your goal is to speak Spanish conversationally, what you really need is a complete, step-by-step conversation course. Compare your options.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Spanish Pronunciation with Audio | Learn Spanish Pronunciation

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Develop a native-like accent, feel successful from the very beginning, progress more quickly . . . there are lots of reasons that good pronunciation is important. Use this section to quickly develop confidence in your Spanish pronunciation skills. With that confidence, you will progress much more quickly.

# data[].attributes.headline
CAPíTULO 2: los sonidos de la lengua: fonética y fonología

# data[].attributes.subject
CAPíTULO 2: los sonidos de la lengua: fonética y fonología

# data[].attributes.body
Cada de estos cuatro temas, enlaces, y diagramas explican algo diferente de capítulo uno en nuestro libro de texto. Este capítulo presenta y elabora la idea de que es la lingüística y como es especial a seres humanos. Hay hechos de lo de que  consta el linguaje, como el concepto que creamos letras y sonidos a formar palabras y ideas. También, hay teorías o hipótesis que nos ayuda a entender aspectos de la lenguaje.

# data[].attributes.body
Hay una hipótesis que personas tienen más éxito de aprender otra idioma si la aprendan entre tres y seis años de edad.

# data[].attributes.body
La definición del texto para fonemos:  sonido contrastivo en un idioma.
Juntamos fonemas insignificantes para formar  palabras con importancia.

Ajunto es el enlace a un juego para practicar a contar cuantos fonemas hay en unas palabras.

# data[].attributes.body
En el lenguaje humano usamos onomatopeyas- un forma de la comunicación icónica. Este concepto es genial porque es algo que creamos y cambia entre cada lengua. Este enlace incluye ejemplos que se dicen en varios países.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Between the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge welcoming their third child on April 23, 2018 and Prince Harry's upcoming marriage to star Meghan Markle in May, the line of succession to the British throne has become a topic of interest all over the world. And the truth is, it's complicated. Though Queen Elizabeth II, who turned 92 years old on April 21, shows no signs of slowing down, here are the royals who could one day take her place on the throne-in one very specific order.

1. PRINCE CHARLES

Chris Jackson/Getty Images

As a direct result of his mother being the world's longest-reigning monarch, Prince Charles-the eldest child of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip-is the longest serving heir to the throne; he became heir apparent in 1952, when his mother ascended to the throne.

2. PRINCE WILLIAM

Tolga Akmen - WPA Pool/Getty Images

At 35 years old, odds are good that Prince William, Duke of Cambridge-the eldest son of Prince Charles and the late Princess Diana-will ascend to the throne at some point in his lifetime.

3. PRINCE GEORGE

RICHARD POHLE/AFP/Getty Images

On July 22, 2013, Prince William and Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge welcomed their first child, Prince George of Cambridge, who jumped the line to step ahead of his uncle, Prince Harry, to become third in the line of succession.

4. PRINCESS CHARLOTTE

Chris Jackson/Getty Images

On May 2, 2015, William and Catherine added another member to their growing brood: a daughter, Princess Charlotte of Cambridge. Though her parents just welcomed a bouncing baby boy, she will maintain the fourth-in-line position because of the Succession to the Crown Act 2013, which went into effect just a few weeks before her arrival, and removed a long-held rule which stated that any male sibling (regardless of birth order) would automatically move ahead of her.

5. PRINCE OF CAMBRIDGE

Chris Jackson, Getty Images

On April 23, 2018, the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge welcomed their third child-a son, whose name has yet to be announced, but who has already pushed his uncle, Prince Harry, out of the fifth position in line to the throne.

6. PRINCE HARRY

Chris Jackson/Getty Images

As the second-born son of Prince Charles and Princess Diana, Prince Harry's place in the line is a regularly changing one. It changed earlier this week, when his brother William's third child arrived, and could change again if and when their family expands.

7. PRINCE ANDREW, DUKE OF YORK

Tristan Fewings/Getty Images

Prince Andrew is a perfect example of life before the Succession to the Crown Act 2013: Though he's the second-born son of Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip, he's actually their third child (Princess Anne came between him and Prince Charles). But because the rules gave preference to males, Prince Andrew would inherit the throne before his older sister.

8. PRINCESS BEATRICE OF YORK

Because Prince Andrew and his ex-wife, Sarah, Duchess of York, had two daughters and no sons, none of that male-preference primogeniture stuff mattered in terms of their placement. But with each child her cousin Prince William has, Princess Beatrice moves farther away from the throne. If Beatrice looks familiar, it might be because of the headlines she made with the Dr. Seuss-like hat she wore to William and Catherine's wedding. (The infamous topper later sold on eBay for more than $130,000, all of which went to charity.)

9. PRINCESS EUGENIE OF YORK

Chris Jackson/Getty Images

Though she's regularly seen at royal events, Prince Andrew and Sarah Ferguson's youngest daughter spends the bulk of her time indulging her interest in fine art. She has held several jobs in the art world, and is currently a director at Hauser & Wirth's London gallery.

10. PRINCE EDWARD, EARL OF WESSEX

Like his older brother Andrew, Prince Edward-the youngest son of Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip-jumps the line ahead of his older sister, Princess Anne, because of the older rule that put males ahead of females.

11. JAMES, VISCOUNT SEVERN

Danny E. Martindale/Getty Images

James, Viscount Severn-the younger of Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex and Sophie, Countess of Wessex's two children, and their only son-turned 10 years old on December 17, 2017, and celebrated it as the 10th royal in line of succession. (The birth of the youngest Prince of Cambridge pushed him back a spot.)

12. LADY LOUISE MOUNTBATTEN-WINDSOR

Chris Jackson/Getty Images

Because the Succession to the Crown Act 2013 wasn't enacted until 2015, Lady Louise Mountbatten-Windsor-the older of Prince Edward's two children-will always be just behind her brother in the line of succession.

13. PRINCESS ANNE, THE PRINCESS ROYAL

Princess Anne, the Queen and Prince Philip's second-born child and only daughter, may never rule over the throne in her lifetime, but at least she gets to be called "The Princess Royal."

14. PETER PHILLIPS

John Nguyen - WPA Pool/Getty Images

The eldest child and only son of Princess Anne and her first husband, Captain Mark Phillips, stands just behind his mother in line. Interesting fact: Had Phillips's wife, Autumn Kelly, not converted from Roman Catholicism to the Church of England before their marriage in 2008, Phillips would have lost his place in line.

15. SAVANNAH PHILLIPS

Chris Jackson/Getty Images

On December 29, 2010, Peter and Autumn Phillips celebrated the birth of their first child, Savannah Anne Kathleen Phillips, who is also the Queen's first great-grandchild. She's currently 15th in line.

16. ISLA PHILLIPS

Chris Jackson/Getty Images

Less than two years after Savannah, Peter and Autumn Phillips had a second daughter, Isla, who stands just behind her sister in line. It wasn't until 2017 that Savannah and Isla made their Buckingham Palace balcony debut (in honor of their great-grandmother's 91st birthday).

17. ZARA TINDALL

Hannah McKay - WPA Pool/Getty Images

Not one to hide in the background, Zara Tindall-Princess Anne's second child and only daughter-has lived much of her life in the spotlight. A celebrated equestrian, she won the Eventing World Championship in Aachen in 2006 and was voted BBC Sports Personality of the Year the same year (her mom earned the same title in 1971). She's also Prince George's godmother.

18. MIA TINDALL

Tim P. Whitby/Getty Images

Zara Tindall's daughter Mia may just be 4 years old, but she's already regularly making headlines for her outgoing personality. And though she's only 18th in line to the throne, her connection to the tippity top of the royal family is much closer: Prince William is her godfather.

19. DAVID ARMSTRONG-JONES, 2ND EARL OF SNOWDON

HANNAH MCKAY/AFP/Getty Images

David Armstrong-Jones, the eldest child of Princess Margaret, isn't waiting around to see if the British crown ever lands on his head. The 56-year-old, who goes by David Linley in his professional life, has made a name for himself as a talented furniture-maker. His bespoke pieces, sold under the brand name Linley, can be purchased through his own boutiques as well as at Harrods.

20. CHARLES ARMSTRONG-JONES, VISCOUNT LINLEY

Chris Jackson-WPA Pool/Getty Images

David Armstrong-Jones's only son, Charles, may be 20th in line to the throne, but the 18-year-old is the heir apparent to the Earldom of Snowdon.

21. LADY MARGARITA ARMSTRONG-JONES

HANNAH MCKAY/AFP/Getty Images

Lady Margarita Armstrong-Jones, the youngest child of David Armstrong-Jones and his only daughter, is also the only granddaughter of Princess Margaret. Now 15 years old (she'll turn 16 in June), Lady Margarita made headlines around the world in 2011 when she served as a flower girl at the wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton.

22. LADY SARAH CHATTO

STEPHEN HIRD/AFP/Getty Images

Lady Sarah Chatto, Princess Margaret and Anthony Armstrong-Jones's only daughter, is the youngest grandchild of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother. In addition to serving as a bridesmaid to Princess Diana, she is Prince Harry's godmother.

23. SAMUEL CHATTO

The first-born son of Lady Sarah Chatto and her husband, Daniel, has a long way to go to reach the throne: He's currently 23rd in line.

24. ARTHUR CHATTO

For better or worse, Sarah and Daniel Chatto's youngest son Arthur has become a bit of a social media sensation. He's made headlines recently as he regularly posts selfies to Instagram-some of them on the eyebrow-raising side, at least as far as royals go.

25. PRINCE RICHARD, DUKE OF GLOUCESTER

At 73 years old, Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester is the youngest grandchild of King George V and Queen Mary. Formerly, he made a living as an architect, until the 1972 death of his brother, Prince William of Gloucester, put him next in line to inherit his father's dukedom. On June 10, 1974, he officially succeeded his father as Duke of Gloucester, Earl of Ulster, and Baron Culloden.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Between the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge welcoming their third child on April 23, 2018 and Prince Harry's upcoming marriage to star Meghan Markle in May, the line of succession to the British throne has become a topic of interest all over the world. And the truth is, it's complicated.

# data[].attributes.body
Según la teoría chomskyana, hay un gran diferencia de animales y seres humanos. Animales pueden comunicar pero no tienen lenguaje. Por eso, no tienen almas como nosotros, ni la habilidad formar oraciones, etcetera.

# data[].attributes.headline
CAPÍTULO 1: La lingüística: ciencia cognitiva 

# data[].attributes.subject
CAPÍTULO 1: La lingüística: ciencia cognitiva 