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CHAPTER 9 "They said that I sounded like a horse"
-Gulliver is in Houyhnhnms’ island. The Houyhnhnms are a population of horses more acculturated and clever than the Yahoos. “Yahoo” is the way in which the Houyhnhnms call humans in this book. In this island every four years there is an assembly to discuss about the problem of the population. In their discussions they always speak about the problem of the Yahoos. A couple of Yahoos had appeared on the island one day many years ago, and now there are too many of them. Gulliver’s master propose at the meeting a way to eliminate them. He thinks that the male Yahoos should not allow to have babies. In this way the Yahoos would become extinct naturally. The members of the Grand Assembley say to Gulliver’s master to throw out him from the island. Gulliver with displeasure starts to build a canoe and he leaves Houyhnhnms’ island.
-In the evening he reaches a small desert island where he stays for 4 days, eating seafood and drinking the water of a little stream. On the island he sees a group of naked people and he escapes from them. Then he finds a boat of sailors and he tries to row away, but they finally catch him and they tie him up. The captain of the boat, Pedro de Mendez, brings Gulliver to Portugal and he finally goes back home in England. Gulliver’s wife is very surprised and content to see him because she thought he was dead. Since he stayed a lot of time with Houyhnhnms he sound like a horse and he can’t put up with his family, because they are Yahoos. For this reason he decides to buy two horses, and he considers them his friends. Gulliver discovered a lot of new places, but he never tells anyone.

-The author of the book is Jonathan Swift. He started writing the novel in 1726 in Dublin and London and the first pubblication date back to november 1730. The book is written in english and the genre is satire, because with this novel Swift wants to make people understand that is time to improve english society.

The narrator of the book is the main character, Gulliver, that speaks about his long journey around the world.

In chapter 9, the protagonist told us how he came back home to his wife and family.

The climax is the part of the story when he decided to build a little canoe and swim back home and the major conflict is the part of the story when he had to escape from a group of naked savages with a deep cut in his leg. The point of view is the first person singular.

Thanks to this journey he improved a lot his culture, discovering customs and traditions of the people he came in contact with.

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Chapters 4,5

Although Gulliver was very happy in Brobdingnag, he had several accidents because of his size. One day his nurse left him alone in the garden because she had a lesson with her teacher. When Gulliver was alone an hailstorm arrived and he was immediately knocked down. When the hailstorm finished he was so injured and he couldn’t go out for ten days! Another incident was when the gardener’s dog found Gulliver, picked him up and carried him between his teeth. After that the queen asked a craftsman to make a boat for Gulliver and a large canal too. He often sailed for his own pleasure, but also for the queen. Gulliver visited the king only twice a week and they spoke about politics, English government, law system and strong army. Once the king told Gulliver that the England was the most unfriendly country and that the English people were like a vermin, because they continued go to war. Gulliver understood that the education of these people was very limited: they only learned history, poetry and mathematics and if someone said a bad comment about the law system were punished by death. They didn’t print books, but in a little library Gulliver found a book of their history and another book said that Europeans are so small and unable to defend themselves.

After two years Gulliver began to dream of being free again, because he missed his family and he could not live in a cage with the constant fear of being squashed from someone. One day he and his nurse became hill. So a servant carried him in his box to the beach so he could breathe some fresh sea air.  While Gulliver was sleeping and the servant was taking a walk on the rocks, the box  and Gulliver were picked up by an eagle who after some time dropped him and his box in the sea. After several ours some English sailors found  him and the box. Gulliver told them his strange adventures and showed them the objects he collected from Brobdingnag. After nine months he finally returned home and his wife asked him never go to sea again.

Ten days after a captain asked Gulliver to set off with him. He managed to convince his wife to agreed. Then they set off and after several months the were attacked by pirates. Gulliver asked one of them, in his language, to set him off, so he put Gulliver in a boat and pushed him in the sea with no food. When Gulliver was away from pirates he saw a group of islands, with the telescope. He arrived at the rocky island in the evening and he fell asleep. When he woke up was a sunny  day but suddenly something like a large cloud covered the sun. The object started come down and when it got closer he could see a crowd of strange people with the head on one side waving at him. He got on a chair they sent down with rope and then pulled him up. Some of the people had servants called “flappers” because they flapped a balloon on the master’s hears or mouth to tell them they needed to speak or listen. They seemed always lost in important thoughts.

Then Gulliver was taken to see the king but he was thinking about an important problem. After more than an hour, when, at least, a flapper touched the king on the mouth, they started to talk but they didn’t understand to each other because they spoke different languages. So the king found a teacher for Gulliver. He learnt that the island was called Laputa, which means “floating island” and that it could move in any direction over all the king’s lands because of a magnet in a cave in the center of the island. This was very usefull because the king and his court could control the people living on the land below. If any of the towns tried to rebel, the people could be punished: the island was moved to float above them to stop the rain from falling and the sun from shining. If the towns continued to rebel stones or even the whole floating island was dropped down on the land. The people and the king were polite and kind, but they spoke only about science and music, so they weren’t practical at all. Even if Gulliver was fascinated by Laputa, he wanted to leave. So he was given permission  and he left on February 16th. He was put down near the city of Lagado, the capital of the country of Balnibarbi. On the advice of his only friend in Laputa, one of king’s cousins, he visited a rich man called Munodi, who showed him around the city which was all in ruins and nothing was growing. Lagado had an Academy where scientists studied methods of agriculture, but unfortunately they were still looking for one helpful. Here the scientists made very strange experiments that Gulliver couldn’t understand. So he decided to return to England.

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Jonathan Swift's life and characters
YAHOOS,HOUHNHNM AND LILLIPUTIANS
On his first voyage Gulliver met The Lilliputians a population of tiny people six inches tall, that lived Lilliput. In Lilliput all is little and petty ,this city was ruled by an emperor,that was taller than the others. They thought that morality is more important than ability,they had really strict rules and for example the children were taken from their family and educated since they were 2 years old. The Lilliputians were really good at mathematics and mechanics also they were a work hard population.
When his crew decided to abandon him on an island Gulliver met the Yahoos and the Houyhnhnm that were horses. The Yahoos were animals in human form, but they had more hair on bodies and more beard than normal people. They  didn’t wear clothes and they were so dirty. They were like primitive creatures, they were really strong and athletic but they weren’t smart and they didn’t use their reason . Gulliver consider them like the lawyers in England because both pay no attention to the important facts.   Instead the Horses were really intelligence, they were full of knowledge and they wanted to know what horses do, what they are use for in Gulliver’s country. As well they wanted to know curiosity about the economic and political aspects of Europe and the wars. The horses always respected the law in fact they could never destroy one of them because Lilliputians had an orderly and peaceful society. They had a lot of art and philosophy ,they didn’t had words for bad things like lies, greed and things like that.
EXTRA: JONATHAN SWIFT'S LIFE
Jonathan Swift was born in Dublin in 1667.
He grew up with his uncle and he studied at university in Dublin.
In 1668 he went to London and worked as secretary for an English politician, Sir William Temple.
Ten years later Swift became the teacher of Esther Johnson, who always was important in his life.
In 1699 Sir William died, so Swift became a priest in a Protestant church near Dublin.
In 1701 he started writing small books and writing for a political newspaper in London.
He also wrote all his experiences in letters to Esther, which became "A journal to Stella" after his death.
In 1714, disappointed that he couldn't find a job in the government or in the church, Swift returned to Dublin and started writing satire pamphlets called "A modest proposal", about the political situation in Ireland.
In november 1762 his most famous work was published, Gulliver's Travels.
Unfortunately, in the same year Esther fell ill and Swift stayed with her. After her death he wrote "The Death of Mrs. Johnson" and a lot of people thought that they had married in secret.
Swift died in 1745 after 7 years of illness and he was buried next to Esther.
BROBDINGNAG GIANTS AND STRULDBRUGS

Brobdingnag is a population of giants. Gulliver met them on an island were he landed after a storm.

Brobdingnag society was a monarchy governed by the king and the queen who welcomed Gulliver in their home. They had a high morality, infact they rejected the idea of war. Gulliver offered the king the recipe of gunpowder, but he was shocked and didn't want to talk about it anymore.

Struldbrugs are immortal people who lived in Luggnagg land and had a red dot above the left eye. However they weren't eternally young, but they continued aging, so their life wasn't happy.

After the age of forty they became unhappy and unable to enjoy life, at ninety they lost all their teeth and hair and at the age of two hundred they were no longer able to have a conversation.

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Chapter 6 + EXTRA
CHAPTER 6
Gulliver wanted to return to England.
He descovered that not far from Balnibarbi there was an island called Luggnagg and ships sailed frequently between the island and Japan.
So he travelled to the port of Maldonada, in order to sail for Luggnagg.
But when he arrived there were no boats leaving for at least one month,.
So he decided to go to the island of Glubbdubdrib, a small island of magicians.
Its governor, with his magic skills, calls people back from from the dead and then uses them as his servants.
When he arrived, he visited the palace and he was invited to dinner, which was served by his servants-ghosts.
Gulliver was afraid so he didn't sleep in the palace.
But the more he saw the servant-ghosts, the more interested he became in them, so the governor gave him permission to call back from the dead anyone he liked and ask them all the questions he  wanted.
Gulliver would get true answers, because the dead never tell lies.
So he spent his last three days examining men from recent history and he was surprised by how many lies historians write.
After ten days, he returned to Maldonada and then he finally arrived to Luggnagg, but a customs officer ordered him to stay there until he was called to see the king of Luggnagg.
When the invitation arrived, he went to the king and he had to lick the floor as he approached the king.
He stayed in Luggnagg for three months no more because, after so many adventures, he wanted spent the rest of his days with his family.
One day a man explained to Gulliver that sometimes children are born with a red spot over the left eye.
This mark means that they are immortal.
Gulliver was very excited by this information and he thought about what he would do if he was immortal.
But the man told him that the immortal people were really sad, angry, lonely and with very little money.
Then Gulliver wanted to return home so the king gave him permission and a letter which reccomanded him to the emperor of Japan.
When he arrived in Japan, he asked to the emperor a safe journey to Nagasac.
After a long journey he arrived in England  and he found his family all in good health.

EXTRA-"Jonathan Swift: science and satire"
Jonathan Swift was born in Irland in 1667, in a period now called the "Enlightenment".
During the 17th and the 18th centuries, people in Europe started to believe that it was possible to explain nature not only in terms of religion.
It was not a completely new idea, because it had already been suggested in the works of of the philosophers Bacon and Hobbes, and of natural philosophers such as Galileo and Kepler.
The English Elightenment really began in the 1680s with the scientist Isaac Newton's Principia Mathematica and the philosopher John Locke's Essay Concerning Human Understanding.
Isaac Newton lived at the same time as Jonathan Swift, and his scientific method for studying nature and theuniverse became fashionable and popular.
Newton received an important position in the government.
Swift was not agaist science, he didn't believe that Newton's studies could really be useful to ordinary people.
The progress made in science encouraged new descoveries and inventions, leding to the Industrial Revolution in 18th-19th century, like new inventions in agriculture.
Swift attacks the ideas of the Enlightenment in Gulliver's Travels. He thought that science wasn't the answer to men's problems.
Gulliver's Travels was written in the form of a classical Latin satire: the writer creates an extreme situation to describe and ridicule something in a serious way without giving any explanations to the reader.
Many people, in fact, were shocked by his work and didn't understand his aim.

The great imagination that Swift uses in Gulliver’s Travels to attack the politicians, scientists and philosophers of his time, make him one of the most important and creative writers of satire in the English language.
In Gulliver’s Travels Swift explores an ideal community and ridicules different aspects of English life through the behaviour of populations on the islands Gulliver visits.
For example on the first island, Lilliput, Swift sees the tiny people as the politicians of his time.
They have small minds and are always at war with the nearby island of Blefuscu about silly problems, like England with France.
In addiction the laws Gulliver must agree to are a satire on the laws of England, and the methods the Lilliputians intend to use to kill Gulliver are cruel such as the methods used in England at that time.
On Laputa, the floating Island, scientists and mathematicians have their heads in the clouds.
They are so concentrated on science that they need special servants to tell them when to listen and when to speak.
The only practical application of their science is the magnet that keeps their island in the clouds.
This is a satire on those scientists who do not live in the real world and do nothing to improve the lives of ordinary people.
The Academy of Lagado is another direct attack on scientists, in particular on the ones of the Royal Society in London.
In fact Swift believed that at the Royal Society scientists were wasting time while the people of Ireland were dying because there wasn’t enough food.
The president of the Society from 1703 to 1727 was Isaac Newton.
So the book Gulliver’s Travels, published in 1726, was a direct attack on him.

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Chapter 3+extra "famous explorers and pirates"
-Chapter 3:
Gulliver,as we know,was a restless soul so he decided to sail for Surat,with the ship called "the adventure".
After a long trip,lasted for a year and,unfortunately, a storm,he and the others sailors found out a land and they started exploring it to find some food and water.
But they discovered that there were living giants,so all the sailors returned fastly to the ship except for Gulliver,that saw what was happening when it was too late,and he stayed alone on the shore,hidding himself.
But a giant found him and took him back to his house. In a first moment his wife was scared but after she and her daughter took care of him,even if they couldn't understand each other because of the different languages.
He bacame very fond of his "little nurse",which was the daughter of who found him.
After some days,after a suggestion by a family's friend,they decided to put him in an exhibition to show him to the rest of the population,but after a lot of performances,where gulliver had to speak too loudly and to do circus tricks,he was too exausted and about to die.
So the queen,after seeing him,bought Gulliver for a lot of money and gold and he started a pleasant life and during this time he travelled a lot and discovered wonderful places around the land,which was called Brobdinagnag.
-Extra "famous explorers and pirates"
During the Ottoman empire,in 15th century begun the "age of discovery".
Famous explorers like Bartolomeu Diaz,Christopher Columbus,Vasco De Gama and Ferdinand Magellan discovered new lands and oceans.
But sea travels,at that time,were very dangerous because of pirates' crew. In fact they attacked the ships and they stole gold,food and also water.Some of them were "legal" pirates called privateers:the Governement paid them if they attacked enemy ships and took their treasures. But,very often,they became pirates working for themselves.
In the Caribbean these pirates were called bucaneers and their flag was the Jolly Roger,which is a black or red flag with nothing on it,or artworks like a skeleton.
The pirates had exsited since the Greeks and the most famous captain was Barbarossa,who worked for the Ottoman empire.
Also Gulliver was attacked by pirates during one of his travels.

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chapter 7,8

Chapter 7
Gulliver stayed at home very happily with his family for five months. But then one day, he was offered a job as captain of a ship. He agreed to the proposal, so, on August 2nd 1710, he left his wife who was expecting his third child. Several men in his crew died while crossing the ocean, so in Barbados he had to look for more men. Many people of his new crew were pirates that abandoned him on an island. He decided to explore the island. Finally Gulliver saw some strange animals. They had beards like goats, a lot of hair on the front of their bodies, but none on the back, no tails and claws very long and sharp. Suddenly these creatures surrounded Gulliver and covered him with their excrement. When some horses appeared they ran away. After a discussion between them, Gulliver went with the horses that carried him to a low building. Gulliver expected to hear some human voices, but there were none. A grey horse took him to a room where a female horse studied him and said the word "Yahoo". Yahoos were those disgusting creatures that Gulliver met before. Over the next few days,  Gulliver started to learn the language  of Houyhnhnms ( this was the name of these horses). His master ( the grey horse ) was very interested in knowing where Gulliver was from, and the differences between Yahoos and Houyhnhnms in his country. Gulliver explained that yahoos were leaders in his country and he was amazed. Gulliver told him that Houyhnhnms, in summer, lived free in the fields and, in winter, they lived in houses. Gulliver told him, also, that horses were used in races, with a lot of kindness until they were old or ill. Then they were sold and their skins were used and their meat was fed to dogs. Gulliver's masters was shocked when he explained how humans trained and rode horses. He could not believe that a creature as weak as a Yahoo would try to ride a creature as powerful as a Houyhnhnm.
Chapter 8
In two years, the Gulliver's knowledge of the Houyhnhmn language improved. He had many discussion with the master about Europe. Gulliver told him about the civil war with France. He told him that sometimes in the wars it's right to invade a nearby country. The master hated the Yahoos and knew how disgusting they were. Gulliver described to the master the lawyers among the Yahoos. The master was confused by the idea that lawyers worked because they wanted to get rich, so Gulliver explained to him the purpose of money. The master thought that the Gulliver's country was a very miserable place. As they talked about food, Gulliver explained that the people of the Gulliver's country loved to drink something called wine. To the master  it seemed very strange that illness could grow in body and Gulliver informed him that his people did many things that were not healthy, such as eating when they were not hungry and drinking when they were not thirsty. Gulliver told the master that in his country the nobles were imperfect, they were often born as the result of marriages that were made only for money. The children of the nobles had weak bodies and weak minds. One morning Gulliver asked the master if he could study the Yahoos more carefully and he agreed. From what he saw, it was impossible to teach Yahoos. The Yahoos were strong, but they were not brave and not onest.The houynhnmns, on the other hand, were polite and honest.  in the education of the houynhnmns' young children, the most important lessons were "how to work hard" and "how to exercise" and "how to be clean. The master thought it was terrible that the females were taught in a different way from males, he suggested that by giving no education to the females, they were useful only for having children, and that was cruel.

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chapters 1,2
Lemuel Gulliver is an assistant to a famous doctor, he lives in London and he studyed for three years at Cambridge University. His biggest passion is travel and so he decided to study also mathemathics and navigation. During that time he also married Mary Burton. But when the doctor died, he has few patient and little money, so he and his wife decided that he should became a ship's doctor. He made money and learnt many languages very quickly because he has a very good memory.but his next voyage was very different. he left on a ship sailing to the est indies.Six months later his ship was completely destroyed in a terrible storm and he was the only one left live. he swam for a long time, and he arrived on land,but there were no houses or people,so he fell asleep on the beach. When he woke up he found that he couldn't move. Around him there were hundreds of small people that tied him with chains, and they were shooting arrows at him. He didn't understand their language but he understood that the name of the land was "Lilliput". The emperor decided to send some men to teach him his language, and he learnt it very well. The emperor decided that he could be free if he agreed to some rules. He agreed and he was allowed to visit the capital city, Mildendo. After about two weeks, he had a visit from Reldresal, the emperor's secretary he talked to him about the danger of attack from the island of Blefuscu. For the last three years the two countries had been at war. Reldresal told him that Blefuscu was going to invaded the country. Gulliver preferred to stay out of Lilliput's politics but he had agreed to defend his country.Gulliver decided to swim across the port of Blefuscu.

When the enemy sailors saw how big be was , they jumped form their ships , then Gulliver put chains on the biggest ships and pulled them back with him to Lilliput.

The emperor of Lilliput was so proud that immediately made him a Nardac, wich is the highest favour in the land.

On day Gulliver was woken up at midnight by hundreds of people at his door who told him that the empress bedroom was on fire. When he arrived to the palace, decided that the best way to help was to urinate on the flames. The fire was put out and the palace was saved , but in Lilliput it was considered a terrible thing to urinate near the palace.

Gulliver lived in Lilliput for nine months since one evening one of his small friends told him that some court officials said that he was dangerous for Lilliput so Gulliver decided to escape.

He sent a letter to emperor of Blefuscu requesting permission to visit him and, without waiting for an answer, he swam across the sea to the island of Blefuscu

A few days later a letter arrived from Lilliput , asking Blefuscu to send him back, but the emperor of blefuscu wrote back saying that it would be impossible. Gulliver decided to leave as soon as possible and the people of Belfuscu  were haply to hel him

Gulliver arrived back in England about seven months later , but he stayed here only 2 months.