# data[].attributes.body
press releases
press conferences
letter writing
personal contacts
staging dramatic events

# data[].attributes.body
policymakers look at the policy agenda which is pushed by the media and policy entrepreneurs because their issues are popular among the masses, which in turn sets the political agenda

# data[].attributes.headline
investigative journalism and yellow journalism

# data[].attributes.subject
investigative journalism and yellow journalism

# data[].attributes.headline
media enhances the importance of communication between people and govt

# data[].attributes.subject
media enhances the importance of communication between people and govt

# data[].attributes.body
hence the linkage institution...

# data[].attributes.headline
minorities will only be seen to vote more than whites if they have equal economic and social status

# data[].attributes.subject
minorities will only be seen to vote more than whites if they have equal economic and social status

# data[].attributes.headline
civil disobedience: Henry David Thoreau, MLK Jr, Rosa Parks, anti-Vietnam demonstrations (Kent State), Keystone Pipeline

# data[].attributes.subject
civil disobedience: Henry David Thoreau, MLK Jr, Rosa Parks, anti-Vietnam demonstrations (Kent State), Keystone Pipeline

# data[].attributes.body
conventional:

VOTING

running for office

petitions

unconventional

protests

civil disobedience

(violence)

# data[].attributes.body
such polarizing issues like gay marriage and abortion and drug legalization that there IS NO MIDDLE GROUND

# data[].attributes.headline
liberals and conservatives, left and right, democrat and republican

# data[].attributes.subject
liberals and conservatives, left and right, democrat and republican

# data[].attributes.body
pic link: http://infobeautiful4.s3.amazonaws.com/2015/05/1276_left_right_world.png

# data[].attributes.body
vietnam, watergate, iranian hostage, gulf war, monica lewinsky, more and more

# data[].attributes.body
ideologues: connect opinions to policies of party/candidate
group benefit voters: form opinion by a group they like/dislike

what can I and my group get out of this if its approved / elected

nature of the times voters: depends on economy, good means keep, bad means time to go
no issue content voters: always vote a certain way no matter what, vote one way b/c they like personality of candidate

# data[].attributes.headline
bandwagen effect: poll results influence voters

# data[].attributes.subject
bandwagen effect: poll results influence voters

# data[].attributes.headline
random sampling for polling is difficult because random digit dialing doesn't always work

# data[].attributes.subject
random sampling for polling is difficult because random digit dialing doesn't always work

# data[].attributes.body
cell phones more popular than landline
reaching cellphones is too expensive
reaching through internet is not always random
just plain expensive

# data[].attributes.headline
1986 simpson mazzoli act = have employers make employees prove citizenship before hiring

# data[].attributes.subject
1986 simpson mazzoli act = have employers make employees prove citizenship before hiring

# data[].attributes.body
cut down illegal immigration
didn't really work

# data[].attributes.headline
hispanics have outnumbered blacks in america since 2000

# data[].attributes.subject
hispanics have outnumbered blacks in america since 2000

# data[].attributes.headline
IMPORTANT: media gives sooo much political information yet the public is still stupidly and sadly uninformed about politics

# data[].attributes.subject
IMPORTANT: media gives sooo much political information yet the public is still stupidly and sadly uninformed about politics

# data[].attributes.body
go america

# data[].attributes.body
how? well bc they always focus on the prez v. congress as a group
OR
they show how easy it is to become politically popular w/o poli parties

# data[].attributes.body
criticizes politicians to keep em in check
does criticism encourage politicians to take action or to be pushed down and not act at all???
media are the reformists!
skeptical of their govt, always ask what they can do, holds them responsible

# data[].attributes.headline
policy entrepreneurs REALLY make it their job to influence political agenda

# data[].attributes.subject
policy entrepreneurs REALLY make it their job to influence political agenda

# data[].attributes.body
use press conferences and letters and interest groups to get their ideas and demands about things such as health care and education and immigration to politicians who can make a change about it
example: Civ Rights in 1960s

# data[].attributes.headline
agenda setting reflects whats important in media. And what's important in media is what the ppl care about

# data[].attributes.subject
agenda setting reflects whats important in media. And what's important in media is what the ppl care about

# data[].attributes.body
its a CYCLE :o

increase in public attention of an issue or event changes the ppl's evaluations of poli. leaders and situations

# data[].attributes.body
usually more liberal - big city reporters are more liberal bc THEY ARE IN A BIG CITY DUH

audiences want organized chaos
americans attracted to tragedies and gossip

# data[].attributes.body
TV and Internet: short headlines, superficial, sound bites instead of full speeches

"skimming off the cream"

--> accurate poli info not spread

it's a business, they need a profit: lean more towards superficial and entertainment than correct info in order to max. audiences

broadcasting networks sharing less political info in full form

# data[].attributes.headline
journalists spread politicians messages and in return politicians keep reporters in the loop

# data[].attributes.subject
journalists spread politicians messages and in return politicians keep reporters in the loop

# data[].attributes.body
mutualistic symbiosis
science yo

if not -- issue of censorship

# data[].attributes.headline
news seeps from beats - White House, big cities like NY, DC

# data[].attributes.subject
news seeps from beats - White House, big cities like NY, DC

# data[].attributes.body
reporters in that area = specialists

# data[].attributes.headline
newsworthy = unusual, not routine, shocking, interesting, NEW

# data[].attributes.subject
newsworthy = unusual, not routine, shocking, interesting, NEW

# data[].attributes.body
decrease in sophistication of news (not really in newspaper tho)
trial balloons
shift from normal news to airing dirty laundry started w/ vietnam and watergate ... all downhill from there YIKES

# data[].attributes.headline
private control of media more pop. in US w/ our freedom of speech and press

# data[].attributes.subject
private control of media more pop. in US w/ our freedom of speech and press

# data[].attributes.body
we can bash our prez while in other democracies, you sometimes can't and there would be serious consequences

# data[].attributes.body
journalism = biz
need for profit --> advertisements

decline in foreign reporting b/c too expensive

chains!!!!

# data[].attributes.body
increases communication btwn ppl and politicians
easy for campaign activists to bond
more voices hear

BAD:
anyone can say anything, true or not (credible?)
blogging
narrowcasting
not always informative on important poli issues
does not mean everyone = poli. informed

# data[].attributes.headline
slective exposure causing ppl to only view one side and only what they want to hear --> block out the opposite/opposing side

# data[].attributes.subject
slective exposure causing ppl to only view one side and only what they want to hear --> block out the opposite/opposing side

# data[].attributes.headline
newspaper readers are better informed and more likely to vote

# data[].attributes.subject
newspaper readers are better informed and more likely to vote

# data[].attributes.headline
private control of media leads to more advertisement for money

# data[].attributes.subject
private control of media leads to more advertisement for money

# data[].attributes.body
chains
govt/publicly owned programs have less viewers

# data[].attributes.headline
internet is ultimate tool for research but people don't use it to their advantage for politics

# data[].attributes.subject
internet is ultimate tool for research but people don't use it to their advantage for politics

# data[].attributes.body
usually pop culture
the political info that is there is biased
anything can be put up, credibility issue
GOOD THING: increases communication between politicians and the masses, more voices heard

# data[].attributes.headline
politics through comdey --> infotainment

# data[].attributes.subject
politics through comdey --> infotainment

# data[].attributes.headline
broadcasting (networks) v. narrowcasting (cable)

# data[].attributes.subject
broadcasting (networks) v. narrowcasting (cable)

# data[].attributes.body
goal of prestige v. goal of proft
young adults use narrowcasting cable tv as #1 news source
2/3 americans have cable

cable lack political info

just talk, only 11% covers stories

ideologically run (biased stations) --> selective exposure

only shows conflict btwn people and sensationalized stories

talking heads

# data[].attributes.headline
many shows biased and many channels biased

# data[].attributes.subject
many shows biased and many channels biased

# data[].attributes.body
repub: fox
dem: MSNBC, CNN

# data[].attributes.headline
Federal Communication Commissions (FCC) 

# data[].attributes.subject
Federal Communication Commissions (FCC) 

# data[].attributes.body
regulates communications via radio/tv/phone/cable/satellite
1. prevent monopolies, no single owner can own greater than 35%
2. examine goals and performance of stations
3. fair treatment rules

# data[].attributes.body
Nixon v. JFK debates televised -- caused JFK to win
vietnam: horrific journalism, videos of US not winning war

(also lead to distrust of govt)

# data[].attributes.headline
very few political magazines - specific interests

# data[].attributes.subject
very few political magazines - specific interests

# data[].attributes.body
Time, Newsweek

# data[].attributes.headline
newspapers now on internet since readers have dropped from 1/2 to 1/5

# data[].attributes.subject
newspapers now on internet since readers have dropped from 1/2 to 1/5

# data[].attributes.body
online subs
$$ - need profit!

advertisement

mostly biz

# data[].attributes.headline
print media in US started w/ newspapers in Philly in 1783, US first amendment gives freedom of speech/press

# data[].attributes.subject
print media in US started w/ newspapers in Philly in 1783, US first amendment gives freedom of speech/press

# data[].attributes.body
this freedom allows anyone to write anything about politicians --> can criticize govt... there really is no regulation

# data[].attributes.headline
shift from politics and policies to personal life and scandals --> investigative journalism

# data[].attributes.subject
shift from politics and policies to personal life and scandals --> investigative journalism

# data[].attributes.body
cough cough monica lewinsky ahem

investigative journalism: usually unfavorable of candidates

# data[].attributes.headline
FDR invented media politics w/ Fireside Chats on radio 

# data[].attributes.subject
FDR invented media politics w/ Fireside Chats on radio 

# data[].attributes.body
communicated his policies to common american people during great depression

# data[].attributes.headline
common goal: get control over political agenda through being the priority on daily news

# data[].attributes.subject
common goal: get control over political agenda through being the priority on daily news

# data[].attributes.body
media events
political tv ads - costly, usually negative

# data[].attributes.headline
mass media = tv radio newspapers magazines internet -- social media

# data[].attributes.subject
mass media = tv radio newspapers magazines internet -- social media

# data[].attributes.body
meant to not only reach elites but the COMMON MASSES too

# data[].attributes.headline
tv ratings of presidential debates have gone down since Reagan (with 60) to Obama (with 32)

# data[].attributes.subject
tv ratings of presidential debates have gone down since Reagan (with 60) to Obama (with 32)

# data[].attributes.body
audiences decreasing for presidents
the masses are uninformed

# data[].attributes.body
https://quizlet.com/_2kcwy3

# data[].attributes.headline
political socializaiotn instilled at a young age 

# data[].attributes.subject
political socializaiotn instilled at a young age 

# data[].attributes.body
by Family, School, and Media
family: values, children copying parents ideas
school: promote national loyalty with pledge and gov classes and positive history lessons in early edu
media: the new parent?

# data[].attributes.body
senior citizens living longer, especially in florida.....
stress on Social Security

# data[].attributes.body
old population centered in northeast but now people are pushing west and south

Arizona, Texas, Florida
(Sunbelt)

*** as population increases in other states more than others, House is reapportioned every 10 years based on census and populations of states

# data[].attributes.headline
issue of illegal immigration, especially with Hispanics

# data[].attributes.subject
issue of illegal immigration, especially with Hispanics

# data[].attributes.body
from Mexico and other central american countries

DONT YOU DARE BUILD THAT WALL TRUMP

# data[].attributes.headline
minority majority is increasing in america and especially in highly urban areas

# data[].attributes.subject
minority majority is increasing in america and especially in highly urban areas

# data[].attributes.body
all minority groups together outweigh the whites (previous majority)

# data[].attributes.headline
used to have quotas but not any more --> priority for letting immigrants in is currently reuniting families

# data[].attributes.subject
used to have quotas but not any more --> priority for letting immigrants in is currently reuniting families

# data[].attributes.body
next would be argued that the other priority is skill

# data[].attributes.body
1 = early to mid 1800s w/ northwestern euros
2 = late 1800s to early 1900s w/ southeastern euros
3 = 1960s+ w/ Hispanics and Asians

# data[].attributes.headline
census is important bc it determines how taxes will be spread out and spent on hospitals, job training, schools, senior centers, public works, and emergency services

# data[].attributes.subject
census is important bc it determines how taxes will be spread out and spent on hospitals, job training, schools, senior centers, public works, and emergency services

# data[].attributes.body
census heavily impacts politics and culture

# data[].attributes.headline
increase in public opinion POLLING b/c of media

# data[].attributes.subject
increase in public opinion POLLING b/c of media

# data[].attributes.body
yet its hard to generalize all of the "American People" since there is so many of us and we are all diverse

# data[].attributes.body
obamacare

# data[].attributes.body
https://quizlet.com/_2ihgf0