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This is an overhead view of Fort Hamilton as it appeared in 1792.

Arthur St. Clair, a general in the United States Army, ordered the construction of Fort Hamilton in September 1791. The fort was the first of many built north from Cincinnati in American Indian territory. Fort Hamilton served as a supply depot for American expeditions against natives living along the Great Miami River, the Auglaize River, and the Maumee River during the early 1790s.

Fort Hamilton consisted of a four-sided, square stockade. Each wall was approximately fifty yards in length. There were four diamond-shaped projections called bastions sticking out from the stockade's walls. St. Clair provided a detailed description of the Fort Hamilton's construction in his Narrative of the Campaign Against the Indians:

The circuit of the fort is about one thousand feet, through the whole extent of which a trench about three feet deep was dug to set the piquets [posts] in, of which it required about two thousand to enclose it; and it is not trees taken promiscuously, that will answer for piquets, they must be tall and straight, and from nine to twelve inches in diameter.

When found, they are felled, cleared of their branches and cut into lengths of about twenty feet. They were then carried to the ground and butted, that they might be placed firm and upright in the trench with the axe, or cross-cut saw; some hewing upon them also necessary, for there are few trees so straight that the sides of them will come in contact when set upright.

Upon the fort's completion in early October, 1791, St. Clair left a small group of soldiers and two cannons to garrison it. He proceeded northward forty-five miles, where he constructed Fort Jefferson. In early November, St. Clair's men marched northward. On November 4, 1791, the region's American Indians won a major victory against the invading Anglo-American settler forces in a battle that came to be known as St. Clair's Defeat. Fort Hamilton continued to serve as an important garrison as Anglo-American settlers continued their offensive against American Indian peoples residing in western Ohio. Modern-day Hamilton, Ohio, is located on the site of Fort Hamilton.

References

1. Edel, Wilbur. Kekionga!: The Worst Defeat in the History of the U.S Army. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1997.

2. Hurt, R. Douglas. The Ohio Frontier: Crucible of the Old Northwest, 1720-1830. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1996.

3. Smith, William Henry, ed. The St. Clair Papers: The Life and Public Services of Arthur St. Clair, Soldier of the Revolutionary War; President of the Continental Congress; and Governor of the North-western Territory; With His Correspondence and Other Papers, Arranged and Annotated by William Henry Smith. Cincinnati, OH: R. Clarke & Co., 1882.

4. Wilson, Frazer Ells. Arthur St. Clair, Rugged Ruler of the Old Northwest; An Epic of the American Frontier. Richmond, VA: Garrett and Massie, 1944.

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This is an overhead view of Fort Hamilton as it appeared in 1792. Arthur St. Clair, a general in the United States Army, ordered the construction of Fort Hamilton in September 1791. The fort was the first of many built north from Cincinnati in American Indian territory.

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Ohio has been referred to as the "Mother of Presidents." Seven U.S. presidents were born in Ohio: Ulysses Grant, Rutherford Hayes, James Garfield, Benjamin Harrison, William McKinley, William Howard Taft and Warren G. Harding. And an eighth, William Henry Harrison, was born in Virginia but lived most of his adult life in Ohio.

The last president with Ohio roots was Warren G. Harding, who served from 1921 to 1923. But with U.S. Senator Sherrod Brown and former Ohio Governor John Kasich as possible 2020 candidates, could the next president come from Ohio?

Joining Cincinnati Edition to discuss Ohio's contributions to our nation's leadership are Miami University W.E. Smith Professor of History, Steven Conn, PhD.; local historian and President of Applied History Associates, Dan Hurley (@dancincy); and WVXU Senior Political Analyst Howard Wilkinson (@howardwilkinson).

TourismOhio and Ohio History Connection recently announced the new Ohio Presidential Trail, which highlights the birthplaces and other sites of importance to U.S. presidents with Ohio ties.
Never miss an episode of Cincinnati Edition by subscribing to our podcast on your favorite provider. And if you have a chance, please rate, review and share with friends:

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Ohio Has Produced 8 Presidents - Who Could Be Next?

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Ohio has been referred to as the "Mother of Presidents." Seven U.S. presidents were born in Ohio: Ulysses Grant, Rutherford Hayes, James Garfield, Benjamin Harrison, William McKinley, William Howard Taft and Warren G. Harding. And an eighth, William Henry Harrison, was born in Virginia but lived most of his adult life in Ohio.

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Home of Indian Wars

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Fort St Clair Park: Home to a Tree That Has Witnessed History Since the Revolutionary War | Butler County Connect

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Early American History Close to Butler County Ohio May 20, 2020-Butler County Connect If you lean into the massive oak tree at Fort St.Clair Park, it might whisper to you about what it has seen over 250 years...a bloody battle, children playing, spring flowers, and peaceful snows.

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WATCH: Where do we go from here? Chaos or community celebration

The Underground Railroad Museum is located in Flushing, Ohio. The Underground Railroad Museum features an extensive collection of publications, books, memorabilia and other articles. The museum was founded in 1993 by the late Dr. John Mattox and his late wife, Rosalind to preserve the past for future generations. The exhibits portray what is known about slavery and the Underground Railroad in Ohio, and presents an understanding of the culture in the 1800's. Much of the information and artifacts Mattox has gathered came from local sources. Mattox and the museum were accepted to the National Underground Railroad Network to Freedom Program.

Visitors to the museum are encouraged to tell him their own stories and to ask questions as they observe the vast collection of objects, artifacts and documents of the three-story building. The goal of the museum is to demonstrate what we all have in common today rather than placing blame and to prompt young people to seek additional awareness and wisdom. The Ohio Valley area was very active in the Underground Railroad during the 19th century, having been home to many Quaker settlers who were passionate abolitionists.

Hours are Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Thursdays from 11am - 3pm EST, and on Saturdays by appointment only. Feel free to contact us by phone at 740-968-2080 to schedule an appointment.

To Our Visitors....

Admission into the museum if free of charge, however, donations are greatly appreciated. Your contribution to the exhibit will enable us to continue securing these documents and ensure that the pain and suffering of our forefathers will not be forgotten!

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underground railroad museum flushing ohio belmont county wheeling west virginia slave slavery freedom black history month speeches louisiana destrehan ormand plantation rescue harriet tubman north star drinking gourd safe house field abolitionist collecti

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WATCH: Where do we go from here? Chaos or community celebration The Underground Railroad Museum is located in Flushing, Ohio. The Underground Railroad Museum features an extensive collection of publications, books, memorabilia and other articles. The museum was founded in 1993 by the late Dr. John Mattox and his late wife, Rosalind to preserve the past for future generations.

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Okeana, OH Butler county

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Ohio is home to largest Amish Communities

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Ohio is home to largest Amish Communities

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Reliable information from one of the largest Amish sites on the web.

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Amish Community Info | Book Giveaways | Amish Writers & non-Amish Experts | More Get email updates

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Ohio is home to the highest number of Amish congregations The Amish have made their home in Ohio since 1808, when the first settlers moved west from Somerset County in Pennsylvania to settle the hills and valleys of eastern Ohio. Today, Amish number nearly 60,000 in Ohio, spread across 52 individual settlements and over 400 ...

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Zoar Village was founded in 1817 by a group of over 200 German Separatists seeking escape from religious persecution in their homeland. These Separatists thrived as a unique society for more than 80 years, making Zoar Village one of the most successful communal settlements in American history.

Today, Zoar Village is made up of approximately 75 families living in homes built from 1817 to the present. Visit us to tour the museum buildings, see early American architecture, and enjoy the quaint village scenery. Start planning your visit today!

Tours include: General information and history; Till the Cows Come Home- The Dairy Industry; From Sheep to Shawl- The Textile Industry; Back to School- Children's Life in Zoar; The Art of Zoar

Tours (in season) are Wednesday- Saturday 10am-4pm. Tours leave at 10am, 11am, 1pm, and 3pm. Sundays tours leave at 11am, 1pm, and 3pm. Please leave the earliest tour times for our senior citizens and vulnerable populations. Click here to purchase tickets!

VIRTUAL TOUR

Seeing is believing in Historic Zoar Village. We hope you'll make time to visit very soon but, in the meantime, you can explore Zoar virtually ... Read More

PLAN YOUR VISIT

Historic Zoar Village is a must-see destination for anyone interested in history, art or architecture. But the greater Zoar area isn't just for history buffs! ... Read More

VISIT OUR VIRTUAL STORE

Support Zoar when you shop Historic Zoar Village's General Store! Pottery, candles, books, soaps, socks, cards, clothes and more are available online. Shop Now

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Zoar Village was founded in 1817 by a group of over 200 German Separatists seeking escape from religious persecution in their homeland. These Separatists thrived as a unique society for more than 80 years, making Zoar Village one of the most successful communal settlements in American history.

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The John Rankin House-An Underground Railroad stop

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The John Rankin House-An Underground Railroad stop

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John Rankin House
NHL-NPS Photo

A National Historic Landmark, this was the home of Presbyterian minister John Rankin who is reputed to have been one of Ohio's first and most active "conductors" on the Underground Railroad. In addition, he wrote Letters on American Slavery, first published in book form in 1826, and among the first clearly articulated antislavery views printed west of the Appalachians. Letters on American Slavery became standard reading for abolitionists all over the United States by the 1830s. From 1822 to 1865, Rankin, along with his wife and children, assisted hundreds of escaped slaves in their trek to freedom. Located on the Ohio River, John Rankin's home (and Ripley, Ohio in general) were considered one of the first stations on this route of the Underground Railroad. It was here that Harriet Beecher Stowe heard the escaping slave's story which became the basis for part of her famous work, Uncle Tom's Cabin. John Parker, a Ripley abolitionist and former slave who was active in the Underground Railroad, wrote of Rankin, "At times attacked on all sides by masters seeking their slaves, [John Rankin and his sons] beat back their assailant, and held its threshold unsullied. A lighted candle stood as a beacon which could be seen from across the river, and like the north star was the guide to the fleeing slave."
The John Rankin House is located in Ripley, Ohio at 6152 Rankin Road. Now a museum it is open from May 2 through October 31 from 10:00am to 5:00pm Wednesday-Saturday, and 12:00pm to 5:00pm on Sunday. The museum is also open on Sunday, December 16 from 1:00 pm to 5:00 pm for the Historic House Tour. The museum is open by appointment only during other times of the year, please call 937-392-4044. There is a fee for admission. For further information, visit the museum's website.

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Aboard the Underground Railroad-- John Rankin House

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John Rankin House NHL-NPS Photo A National Historic Landmark, this was the home of Presbyterian minister John Rankin who is reputed to have been one of Ohio's first and most active "conductors" on the Underground Railroad. In addition, he wrote Letters on American Slavery, first published in book form in 1826, and among the first clearly articulated antislavery views printed west of the Appalachians.

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Ohio played an important role like many areas of the country. Ohio was western front and thwarted attempts by united British and Native American forces to seize northwest Ohio and important ports along Lake Erie's southern shore.

Like many Americans Ohioans initially thought this would be a quick and decisive battle with little threat to their own safety. There was a strong military presence in Ohio. William Hull had been appointed Brigadier General of the new Army of the Northwest that would protect Ohio from any British invasion from the north.

Having Hull take command of this newly formed army may have eased a few of Ohio's citizens, but most had seen or new of someone that had fallen prey to random attacks by painted Indians. In Franklin, new arrivals from the east were afraid to leave their homes because they had heard the war hoops coming from the nearby woods.

From central Ohio north to the lake citizens were terrified of the Native Americas that had become somewhat united and vowed to take their revenge against any Americans they could find. While the British supported these efforts in material supplies, they didn't condone such acts of violence.

The federal government felt confident in the outcome of this ill fated war. Discussions and serious war planning had been going on Washington since the beginning of 1812. Execution of the plan would prove difficult. However, by the time the war came to a bloody end, Ohio, which had officially became a state 9 years before the start of the war, would become a new destination for settlers. Roads developed by the war machine, would be used by farmers and commerce. The American Indians that had maintained control over northwest Ohio, were no longer a force. Those that sided with the British were forced onto reservations, that would eventually be moved further west across the Mississippi River.

Leading up to the War of 1812

Long before June 18, 1812 when war was officially declared, a number of unsettling events had been stewing between Great Britain and the United States. Even before the United States had won her freedom, the seeds had been planted in 1781 when American forces combined with the French navy and army outwitted the British, trapping a large number of their army and their southern commander, Lord Cornwallis in the little seaport town of Yorktown. Cornwallis was forced to surrender and two years later led to the British surrender. There were exceptions to this surrender however.

With the Treaty of Paris in 1783, the newly formed United States of American would gain all of the land east of the Mississippi River and roughly south of the St. Lawrence River. Britain would retain the land north of Lake Erie and the St. Lawrence. France would retain possession of the land west of the Mississippi River. Navigation on the Mississippi River from its source to the Gulf of Mexico would forever remain free and open to France, Great Britain and the United States. Native Americans that sided with the British against the Americans were left with nothing. In fact they weren't even mentioned in the treaty.

The Treaty of Paris brought a temporary peace and withdrawal of British forces from the American colonies. British subjects remaining loyal to the Crown were allowed to remain in the United States and given 12 months to seek return of seized property or restitution for property destroyed during the war because they remained loyal to the Crown. They also were given the option of moving to England, north to Canada, or, in some cases where their homes and land had been taken by the Americans, they would eventually be given land in the Northwest Territory just south of Lake Erie, a strip of land called the "Fire Sufferers Land" or later just the "Firelands" because it was a stretch of land designated as repayment to Connecticut families that "suffered" when the British destroyed them during the Revolutionary War.

An uneasy peace

While the treaty brought an official end of conflict, it did little to settle unresolved problems. A great number of English were unhappy about the outcome of the war. They felt the revolt had been mismanaged and poorly executed. How could a poorly trained, poorly supplied army on the verge of collapse, almost from the beginning, and certainly towards the end, come out victorious over the best trained army in the world?

Cornwallis' defeat at Yorktown was as much to do with luck, or as some might suggest: Divine Intervention. If only a sudden storm hadn't come up and destroyed many of Cornwallis' ships he needed to cross the York River and escape the siege. If only Lord Clinton hadn't delayed sending reinforcements by 5 days. If only Cornwallis hadn't given up his best defensive positions surrounding Yorktown almost without a fight. If only George Washington had decided to attack New York instead of moving south to Virginia. These were the questions being asked back in England as they became aware of the circumstances years after they occurred. Putting down the American revolt was within their grasp, if they had only...

Native Americans after the Revolution

Most people forget that the Revolutionary War was also being fought along the western frontier in the Ohio Territory. In these battles, Native Americans mostly sided with the British. The battle at Fort Laurens was one engagement during the early years of the revolution. Just before the end of the war American Colonel Crawford was captured along the Olentangy River after a battle against both Native Americans and British forces. Crawford was tortured and burned alive because it was suspected that he had taken part in the Ghadenhutten Massacre earlier in the year.

After the war and the Treaty of Paris Native Americans learned they had been completely ignored by both sides. For some of the Nations, hatred against the United States only intensified. For some of the Nations their bitterness was directed at Great Britain for ignoring their contribution to the fighting. These feelings would create much strife within the Native Americans and would become a major factor in Ohio a few years later.

At the end of the Revolution, the United States was financially broke. There was not enough money to pay any bills, including pay that had been promised to the army's officers. Instead they were given plots of land in Ohio. Few officers actually took possession, but instead sold their claims to eager settlers looking for a new opportunity. This brought on a flood of pioneers moving into the the rich Ohio valley, exactly where many Native Americans called home.

It didn't take long for misunderstandings between the Native Americans and settlers to result in armed conflicts that continued to escalate over the years. Pleas from the settlers for the United States to bring order to the area resulted in numerous military expeditions that ultimately led to defeat for the Native Americans and them signing away most of their claims to Ohio except for the northwest corner of the state. It was a treaty that would quickly be broken by both sides.

Next: Ohio and the War of 1812>>

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Ohio played an important role like many areas of the country. Ohio was western front and thwarted attempts by united British and Native American forces to seize northwest Ohio and important ports along Lake Erie's southern shore. Like many Americans Ohioans initially thought this would be a quick and decisive battle with little threat to their own safety.

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For any and all commercial licensing inquiries for the use of the Wright brothers' publicity rights including their name, likeness, quotation, trademarks and copyrights, please fill out the form below, and an authorized representative of the Wright brothers will contact you promptly.

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The Official Licensing Site of The Wright Brothers

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For any and all commercial licensing inquiries for the use of the Wright brothers' publicity rights including their name, likeness, quotation, trademarks and copyrights, please fill out the form below, and an authorized representative of the Wright brothers will contact you promptly.

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Okeana, OH Butler county

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Dayton, Ohio

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Carillon Historical Park is a 65-acre (26.3 ha) park and museum in Dayton, Ohio, which contains historic buildings and exhibits concerning the history of technology and the history of Dayton and its residents from 1796 to the present. The historical elements of the park were the brainchild of Colonel Edward Deeds. The major sections include settlement, transportation, invention, and industry. The park also contains the Carillon Park Railroad, a 7 in (190.5 mm) gauge miniature railway.

In 2005, Carillon Historical Park merged with the Montgomery County Historical Society to form Dayton History.

Kettering Family Education Center

The Kettering Family Education Center anchors the park and features changing exhibits in the National City Exhibit Gallery, a video about the park, and gift and snack shops. There are also rooms for education presentations.

Wright Brothers Aviation Center

The John W. Berry Sr. Wright Brothers Aviation Center houses the 1905 Wright Flyer III, the world's first practical airplane. The airplane, a unit of Dayton Aviation Heritage National Historical Park, was restored from 1948 to 1950 with the initial consultation of Orville Wright before his 1948 death.

Settlement exhibits

Newcom Tavern - 1796 home of Col. George Newcom and family, oldest building in Dayton

William Morris House - 1815 stone cottage

Locust Grove School - 1896 one-room schoolhouse used for over 30 years

Transportation exhibits

An original lock of the Miami and Erie Canal is located on the grounds, as is a canal toll office. The transportation center vehicles include the John Quincy Adams steam locomotive (built in 1835 by the B&O Railroad and is the oldest US-built locomotive that still exists), a Barney and Smith passenger car built in Dayton, a Conestoga wagon, a 1908 Stoddard-Dayton automobile, a 1915 Xenia cyclecar, an interurban railcar, and other vehicles associated with Dayton. Among the latter, added to the collection in 1988, is a 1949-built Marmon-Herrington trolley bus, which was number 515 in the fleet of the City Transit Company and provided service on the Dayton trolley bus system from 1949 until about 1982. It arrived at the museum in August 1988 and replaced a similar Marmon-Herrington trolley bus, ex-Dayton 501, that had been on display there since April 1988 but was then donated to the Cincinnati Transit Historical Association under an agreement in which Carillon Park received No. 515 from the Miami Valley Regional Transit Authority in exchange. The center also displays the final SUV made at the former General Motors Moraine Assembly, next to the first windshield made by Fuyao Glass America, which redeveloped the factory.

Invention and industry

Deeds Barn - features such inventions as a Liberty aircraft engine, early Frigidaire refrigerator, 1912 Cadillac with the Delco automobile electric system.

Print Shop - working 1930s print shop

Corliss Engine Building - houses the Corliss Engine that provided both electrical power and steam heat for the National Cash Register Company from 1902 to 1948.

Deeds Carillon

The park is named for the 151-foot-tall (46 m) Deeds Carillon. Colonel Edward Deeds, in whose name the tower was built, was a Dayton industrialist and innovator. The art moderne-style carillon tower was built in 1942 and designed by New York architects Reinhard & Hofmeister. It was funded by Edward Deeds' wife Edith Walton Deeds and was designed to commemorate the Deeds family. When the tower was built, each of 23 bells was inscribed with the name of a family member, with the "silent" bells bearing the names of deceased family members and ringing bells cast with the names of family members then living. Today, with 57 bells, the carillon is Ohio's largest. The National Park Service listed the Deeds Carillon on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.

Carillon Park refurbished the carillon in 1988, converting it from an electric keyboard controlled instrument to a traditional, baton-keyboard mechanical carillon. The Park's carillonneur, Larry Weinstein performs live carillon concerts every Sunday at 3:00 from May to October.

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Carillon Historical Park is a 65-acre (26.3 ha) park and museum in Dayton, Ohio, which contains historic buildings and exhibits concerning the history of technology and the history of Dayton and its residents from 1796 to the present. The historical elements of the park were the brainchild of Colonel Edward Deeds.

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Teacher of passion in Science and Social Studies

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For some reason we can add stuff to this Padlet

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For some reason we can add stuff to this Padlet

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ