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There isn’t

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Ek2 + Wf = Ek1

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F = Force
f = friction

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What are the fundamentals?

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1. Simultaneous Equations
2. Linear Inequalities
3. Quadratics - simplifying and factorising (Chap 3 and 4)

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you can change (x^4) into (x^2) (x^2)

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First, manupilate the equation in y = mx + c
then draw the graph

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You can write mobile delocalised electrons as just mobile electrons (but it is safer to write the full thing)

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You can write mobile delocalised electrons as just mobile electrons (but it is safer to write the full thing)

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How do we draw graphs for Simultaneous Inequalities? 

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How do we draw graphs for Simultaneous Inequalities? 

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Should not put pressure as N/cm², instead put it as N/m²

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metals are better conductors of heat because metals have mobile delocalised electrons, which are smaller than atoms . These mobile delocalised electrons when heated gain kinetic energy and increase in speed. These mobile electrons would then collide with the metal atoms and help transfer thermal energy in addition to the vibrating and colliding metal atoms

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Heat: Transfer of thermal energy, Transferred from region of higher to lower temperature
Temperature: Type of measurement, indication of how hot or cold an object is

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Weight: Spring Balance
Mass: electronic balance or beam balance

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Answers must be within 3sf (2sf also can depending on question, but it is safer to write 3sf)

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Answers must be within 3sf (2sf also can depending on question, but it is safer to write 3sf)

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Acceleration is an object increasing in velocity (basically change in speed)

Gravitational Potential Energy is a type of acceleration

Velocity can be assumed to be the same as speed

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-all objects radiate infra-red radiation
-radiation that enters a greenhouse is absorb by the plants and re-radiated as lower energy radiation which cannot be pass through the glass and would be trapped. This causes the greenhouse effect.

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1. Surface temperature of body->higher temperature, greater the rate of thermal emission

2. Surface area of body
->larger surface area, greater rate of heat absorbed from surroundings or emitted to surroundings

3.Colour and texture of surface->shiny, white and smooth=poor emitters/absorbers of radiation; black, dull and rough surfaces=good emitters/absorbers of radiation (why is this so?-shiny and glossy materials are better reflectors of infra-red radiation)

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pressure is the force exerted on per unit area

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When a fluid gains heat, it expands and becomes less dense. causing it to rise. When it rises to a cooler area, the fluid loses heat, contracts and becomes denser. This causes the fluid to sink to a warmer area, where it gains heat again and rises, continuing the cycle. Convection involves the transfer of heat through bulk movement of particles or substances.

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1. What is it: It is the transfer of thermal energy through electromagnetic waves like infra-red radiation from the surface of a body.
it does not require a medium(but can occur through one).
2. Examples of where it is used: Cooling Fins, Fuel Tanks

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When an object gains thermal energy, its particles gain kinetic energy. As the particles vibrate around more and hence collide into each other more, they transfer the kinetic energy, thus the object gains thermal energy.
Conduction involves the flow of thermal energy without the flow of a medium

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Difference Between Gravitational Field Strength and Gravity 

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Difference Between Gravitational Field Strength and Gravity 

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Gravitational Field Strength is 10N/kg

Gravity is Mass x Gravitational Field Strength x Height

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The man exerts an upward force on the tray of food. However, the tray of food moves in a direction perpendicular to this force, hence no work is done by the man (on the tray of food) / (against gravity)

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The man exerts an upward force on the box.
Since the box moves in the direction of the force, work is done by the man on the box

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Energy cannot be created or destroyed but converted from one form to another. The total energy in a closed system at any point in time remains unchanged / is always constant

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N - Newtons - Weight, Force
J - Joules - Energy
Kg - Kilogram - Mass
Pa OR N/m² - Pascals - Pressure

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Ek = ½mv²
Ep (Gravitational Potential Energy) = mgh
F = ma
Work Done (W) = Fd
Weight (W) = mg
P = F/A
Density = m/vol.
Acceleration = Change of speed (ms⁻¹) / time (s)
= ms⁻²

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1.  If a body is at rest or moving at a constant speed in a straight line, it will remain at rest or keep moving in a straight line at constant speed unless it is acted upon by a force (Inertia)

2. The acceleration of an object is directly related to the net force and inversely related to its mass. Acceleration of an object depends on two things, force and mass. (Factors affecting acceleration)

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Weight and Normal Contact Force

1. Draw weight arrow from the centre of gravity

2. Draw normal contact force arrow from the bottom of the object and pass through the centre of gravity (must be perpendicular to surface)

3. Draw normal contact arrow force same length as weight arrow

4. If the object has specific contact points (like wheels) on a surface, draw the normal contact force arrows from the bottom of the contact points

5. Write Weight and Normal contact force in full, don't write W or Fn unless stated

6. If the object is stationary arrows should be the same length