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Working with kids and young adults who are oppositional can be challenging. Being oppositional might mean refusing to do work, breaking rules, and engaging in other challenging behaviors. The truth is, many kids can be oppositional from time to time, so many of these strategies work with all learners. With that said, these strategies are truly aimed at learners who are more significantly oppositional and defiant. These are the students who demonstrate challenging behaviors on a regular basis, purposefully do the opposite of what is told, engage in arguments, and might even show aggression.

Whether or not your student is diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder, it can be helpful to understand the disorder. Many of the strategies and techniques can be helpful for all kids who are displaying defiant or disruptive behaviors on a regular basis. If you think a child or young adult might have oppositional defiant disorder, it is important to talk it over with a professional in your area.

Simply put, kids and young adults who demonstrate oppositional behaviors are often in need of significant interventions and supports, not punishments. The list below highlights several strategies for before, during, and after challenging behaviors.

PROACTIVE STRATEGIES

Build a relationship. Spend time getting to know your student. Look far beyond their challenges and see who they are as an individual. Find ways to build a positive relationship over time.

Start fresh every day. This one is important. Treat every day as a new start. Not only does this help educators move past yesterday's challenges, but it also teaches the student that it is okay to have a bad day sometimes. Make this one your mantra.

Consider underlying needs. So often, oppositional behaviors are the result of underlying emotional challenges and needs. Take time to consider if a learner is struggling with feelings of anger, anxiety, or anything else. When it comes to challenging behavior, there is always a reason why, even if sometimes we don't see it right away.

Explicitly discuss expectations. Teach about social expectations using simple words and visuals. Note that just discussing them once isn't enough. They need to be openly talked about on a regular basis.

Explain your why. When you have a rule or expectation, explain the why behind it. For example, if you want student to turn their work into a specific bin, explain that this is so you don't end up misplacing their work. It might seem silly, but sometimes just a valid reason is enough to help a student understand and follow along.

Watch your tone. Tone of voice can mean a lot to kids, and especially to kids with oppositional defiant disorder. Notice the way that you say things. "Please take out your homework for today," is much nicer and calmer than, "Take out your homework right now." Sometimes, it's the small things that make a big difference.

Explicitly discuss consequences. Before challenging behaviors happen, make sure to openly discuss what the consequences will be. Together, come up with a list of what some consequences might be in your setting and discuss why they might happen.

Make sure consequences make sense. Logical consequences are always more beneficial than punishments. In the simplest terms, logical consequence are consequences that make sense and aim to repair the problem, rather than simply punish. For example, if a student makes a mess, the consequence might be to clean up. If a student says something mean to someone else, maybe they should do a kind deed or write a letter.

Give choices often. Rather than giving one direction or instruction, give a choice between two or three things. Choice can make a BIG difference! For example, if you want your student to spend time reading, ask them, "Would you rather pick out a novel, read a magazine, or listen to an audiobook?" As an educator, you are still making sure your student is working towards their goals, but you are also giving the student a say in how they get there.

Develop small goals together. Spend time 1:1 with your student and come up with small and manageable SMART goals that the child can work on. It's important to make the goals short-term and attainable so that they can reach them and feel successful. Keep in mind that sometimes kids with oppositional challenges don't see that success often. Getting a taste of it can really change their life. Use that momentum to keep pushing the student forward in the right direction.

Be consistent. Kids and young adults thrive on consistency. Make an effort to have the same routines, expectations, and consequences each day. This makes it much easier for learners to understand and follow along with the expectations you set.

Teach strategies for mindfulness. Many kids and young adults don't know how to put the brakes on when they are upset. Practice mindfulness once or twice a week together to encourage students to develop these skills over time. It is not a skill that develops right away, so lots of practice is necessary. One big positive is that practicing mindfulness in the right way can be fun for kids and young adults.

Develop routines. The more routines you have for students, the easier it is for everyone. Develop routines for starting group work, turning in homework, writing homework down, lining up, and switching from one subject to another. The more concrete and consistent these routines are, the less behavioral challenges will come up along the way.

Get all adults on the same page. Consistency from adult to adult is critical. If a student is allowed to run in the hall with one adult but not the other, this can be confusing and even frustrating for the learner. Talk with other professionals, including paraeducators and parents, to try and set similar expectations for the student.

Practice deep breathing techniques. Teaching kids and young adults to control their breathing can help give them tools to calm down in the moment. It's important that we teach these strategies ahead of time, so kids can use them when they really need them. Use these free mindful breathing boards to give mindful breathing a try.

Identify triggers. It's critical to spend time to think about our students' emotional triggers. Knowing that group work, doing work in front of the class, or independent work are triggers can help you structure your class in a way to minimize those challenges. Sometimes, it takes structured observations to figure out the triggers. If you struggle with this, consider having another staff member take time to observe the student and notice what situations immediately precede the behaviors.

Develop a calm down area. Not all kids will need a calm down area, but the ones who need it, really need it. A calm down area is just a special spot for students to go and regulate themselves when they are angry or upset. It is a helpful strategy to keep kids in the room, have them practice coping strategies, and get them back to learning quicker.

Give genuine praise. When a learner is doing something positive, privately let them know. Remember to be specific and genuine in your approach. You might say, "I noticed you worked really hard through that test even though it was a little bit frustrating. That was awesome of you and it showed you're really doing your best. Thank you."

Provide breaks. Kids with social-emotional needs can't be at their best all of the time. They need down time. Schedule structured breaks and activities to give some down-time in their day.

Teach coping strategies. So often, kids don't know how to calm down on their own. They need to be explicitly taught skills that can help them feel calm, safe, and regulated. Most importantly, kids need to learn and practice these skills when they are calm (not when they are upset). That means spending time actually practicing listening to music, writing in a journal, and coloring. Teaching coping strategies is not a waste of time; it's a life skill. Learn about unique ways to teach coping strategies or grab this free list of coping strategies to get your students started.

Stay organized. Keeping the classroom and schedule organized will keep your learners organized, too. A lack of organization can frequently be a trigger for oppositional kids who need extra structure in their lives.

Give special responsibilities. Help your most oppositional learning develop a greater connection to the school and classroom by allowing them to give back in some way. Assign the student to water the plants each morning, pass papers back, or be in charge of technology. Try to align the classroom responsibilities with their interests, if possible.

Teach social skills. Simply put, if kids aren't behaving in a socially appropriate way, we need to teach and re-teach those social skills until they can. To support this need, I have developed social skills lessons for elementary kids and social skills lessons for middle and high school students.

Use student interests. One effective way to keep learners engaged is using their personal interests in lessons and activities. Choose read alouds with trains or bikes, if that is what your student loves. Use math problems about dogs, if that is a particular interest.

Avoid power struggles. A power struggle with a student is always a losing battle. Your best defense is using techniques to avoid power struggles in the first place.

Let the little things go. If a student wants to use a pink gel pen to complete their work, let them! If a learner wants to work standing up, why not? Ask yourself if the behavior is interfering with their learning or not. If it isn't, try to let the little things go!

Learn ways to calm yourself. Dealing with a student's challenging behaviors can be difficult in the moment, especially if those outbursts are directed specifically at you. Find ways to calm yourself down, such as deep breathing or positive self-talk). The calmer you can be, the better it will be for all your learners.

Integrate strategies for social emotional learning. Kids and young adult who are oppositional often need supports with social and emotional skills. Learn how to you can integrate social emotional learning or start with these free strategies for SEL.

Brainstorm with other professionals. When you are looking for new strategies and solutions, it's often helpful to talk with other specialists in your school who know the child. Brainstorm with the school counselor, social worker, psychologist, and any other professionals who work with him or her. Brainstorming with a paraeducator who works with the student can also often be very helpful.

Consider incentives and rewards. While intrinsic rewards are always better, it's true that sometimes kids and young adults need some extra encouragement along the way. Use this free list of rewards and incentives to get ideas to help motivate your learners.

Talk with the child's counselor. If possible, get permission from guardians to talk with the child's outside counselor. It can help to try and work on some of the same strategies together.

Focus on your own self-care. Working with a student who is oppositional can be extremely stressful for the adults involved. Remember to focus on your own self-care so that you can be the best you for all of your learners. Grab this free educator self-care poster as a reminder.

IN THE MOMENT STRATEGIES

Stay calm. Kids and young adults feed off others' energy. Make it your mantra to stay calm. Sometimes this might mean acting like you are calm, even when you are not! Having a calm attitude is essential to helping kids and young adults feel safe and protected. Not only does a calm demeanor help students regain calm themselves, but it also models appropriate behaviors for them at the same time.

Be clear and concise with expectations. Give specific and simple directions as to what the student is expected to do. It's important to watch your tone of voice and say these expectations in a non-emotional way. If a student is refusing to start their work, calmly tell them, "Please complete up to number 10. Thank you."

Give space. When kids are upset, the last thing they need is an adult talking at them and telling them what to do over and over. So often, they already know but need time to get there. Talking to them can sometimes just create more of an argument. Tell them what you need to tell them, but then walk away. Give them space to get themselves started.

Avoid taking materials away. While this is a critical de-escalation strategy, I think it's important enough to mention separately. If a child or young adult is using their phone when they shouldn't be, never take it out of their hands. If they hand it over to you, that's one thing. It is never advisable to forcefully take something from a child or young adult, though. This just creates a power struggle and will only incite more anger from the child or young adult. Give the instruction, walk away, or give wait time, but never take something physically from a learner.

Let the little things go. When kids and teens are struggling, make a concerted effort to ignore minor challenging behaviors. Ignore the small things when you can instead of redirecting every problematic behavior that comes along. Sometimes kids and teens need that space and time to make a better choice on their own. For example, if a student is making silly noises to get your attention during independent work time, try letting it go. Keep working through and helping the child, as needed. Again, this technique is specifically for minor challenging behaviors when it is more beneficial to let them go than address them in the moment. As always, it's important to be responsive to the child's mental and emotional needs. Just like with other techniques, it might be important to follow-up with other interventions at a later time.

Help the child regulate their emotions. When a student is upset, it's always most important to help them get back on track. Give the student time to regulate their emotions by going to a calm down area, spending a few minutes to themselves, or getting a drink at the water fountain.

Don't take it personally. This is easier said than done, but it's important to remind yourself not to take behaviors personally. Kids and young adults with behavioral challenges are struggling. They are acting out in the best way they know how to get the support they need in the moment. Take a deep breath and walk away when you need to.

POST-PROBLEM STRATEGIES

Make sure the child is calm. Before reflecting on an issue, it is critical that the child or young adult is calm first. If a learner is still upset, give them extra time to calm down and chill out before moving forward. Remember that the ultimate goal is helping that student learn from their ups and downs. That is only meaningful when they are truly calm and ready to learn.

Give time for reflection and problem-solving. While challenging behaviors are happening is not the time to learn. Kid and young adults are emotionally overwhelmed at this stage, meaning no learning is taking place. However, after a child is calm is the perfect time to reflect and problem-solve for the future. This is when the new learning is happening. Spend time talking with the student. Be inquisitive about what happened and not accusatory. For example, you might say, "I noticed you had a problem today with ____________. What happened?" and "What could we do moving forward?" Spend some time brainstorming ideas, strategies, and solutions.

Be creative. It is critical to stay open-minded during the problem-solving phase. If a child or young adult gives you an idea, consider it. Not everything will work, and that's okay. It's important to allow the child or young adult to be part of the problem-solving process, though. For example, if a student says they think they would do better working while listening to music, consider it. Try it. It's okay to consider strategies even just a trial. Even if it doesn't work out, it helps give responsibility to the learner themselves. It also shows that you are fair and willing to try things to help them be successful.

Make a plan together. Sometimes, it's helpful to write out a specific plan with strategies moving forward. When you do this, it's important to list strategies that the student will do and strategies that the adults will do. While you don't always need to write out a plan, having these strategies listed and documented helps in a couple of ways. First, it holds all parties responsible for the strategies. Second, it documents that you are trying new strategies. This can be important in the future, so that if it works, you can continue (and if it doesn't, you can just try something else!). If necessary, you might also consider developing an entire behavior intervention plan.

Give strategies time to work. Not every strategy is going to work perfectly right away. Give them a few times and days before determining if they are effective or not.

Help makeup for mistakes. Teaching kids and young adults how to make up for their mistakes is important. It's also important that they don't feel they are thrown into this alone. Help them through it. For example, if a student said something mean to someone else, help them write an apology note to their friend. If a student made a mess in another teacher's classroom, help them find a time to go in and tidy or clean the room to give back. Not only will this help fix the damage, but it teaches a critical life skill.

Apologize when you mess up. Sometimes, in the moment, we all make mistakes. After some reflection time, if you think you've made a mistake, own up to it and privately apologize to the student. This often goes a long way with kids who are oppositional. A genuine apology can help mend relationships and help the student see that the world can sometimes be a fair place.

Forgive and move on. Remember that every day is a fresh start. Once an incident is over, do your best to forgive the student and move on. Kids (even big kids) are still kids who are learning and growing.

Don't give up. No matter what, never give up on your learners. Even the kids who are oppositional and challenging need all of your support, encouragement, and love. Tell them you won't give up with your words and show them with your unconditional support.

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Strategies for Kids with Oppositional Behaviors

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Working with kids and young adults who are oppositional can be challenging. Being oppositional might mean refusing to do work, breaking rules, and engaging in other challenging behaviors. The truth is, many kids can be oppositional from time to time, so many of these strategies work with all learner

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Implementing High-Quality Mental Health Consultation Resources

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Handout for Implementing High-Quality Mental Health Consultation (1).pdf

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National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

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| The National Academies Press | Tools for Supporting Emotional Wellbeing in Children and Youth

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While fewer children and youth have been sick with COVID-19 compared to adults, the COVID-19 pandemic has still had a major impact on their lives. Though typically resilient to everyday stressors, children and youth are dealing with new challenges due to COVID-19, like social distancing, changes to their routines, and a lost sense of security and safety, making them especially vulnerable to feeling stressed, anxious, or depressed.

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By Sangeeta Parikshak, PhD

Addressing mental health, which includes the social and emotional well-being of children and the adults who care for them, is key to addressing COVID-19. The COVID-19 pandemic is unique because it is a shared adverse event that has impacted us all in some way. These impacts may differ based on factors such as what resources an individual has access to or where they live. As programs continue to return to full in-person comprehensive services, there have been questions about how best to support children, families, and staff when it comes to their mental health and wellness. This is especially important given the concern of exposure to adverse experiences over the past year.

The first thing to remember - and take pride in - is that the Head Start program has a long history of promoting wellness and supporting the nation's most vulnerable children and families through stress, trauma, and adversity. We know that safe and predictable environments and nurturing and responsive relationships buffer the effects of stress. This is true for the mental health and wellness of children, as well as for adults. Adult and child mental health are inextricably linked. Addressing children's social and emotional needs cannot happen without first meeting the needs of the adults in their life.

The Head Start Forward webinar on mental health and staff wellness reminds us how to create safe environments and build nurturing relationships in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Programs should consider the following as they move toward full in-person services:

Make mental health everyone's business. Programs are returning to a new normal, and with that comes a level of uncertainty. It is not uncommon during times of uncertainty and stress to experience anxiety, feelings of grief, and loneliness. To be emotionally strong, it is important to first label the experiences we have gone through and recognize that not everyone's experiences are the same.

Offer space to families and staff to share their experiences. Doing so will help inform how to meet children and families where they are, both in the classroom and at home. It will also help staff understand what supports they need to do their job effectively.

Provide children, families, and staff with clear expectations of what will be the same and what will be different as they continue or return to in-person services. This can help ease anxiety and promote a sense of safety and security.

Build time in the day to reestablish relationships. Feeding and watering old and new relationships, and engaging in social connectedness after a time of social isolation, can improve the mental health and well-being of everyone in the program.

Prepare to reconnect with children who may have needs that went unmet and set up teams in advance to address those needs. This may be particularly helpful for children with an identified disability who have an Individualized Education Program or Individualized Family Service Plan, or for those children who are waiting for an evaluation. This strategy is also helpful for children who may not have had their basic needs met during the pandemic due to circumstances such as food insecurity or homelessness.

We must recognize that many members of the Head Start community have experienced potentially traumatic events, both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. All of these strategies are part of a trauma-informed care approach: supporting families by engaging in meaningful conversations, supporting staff with what they need to be emotionally well, and helping children regulate their emotions through relationships and consistency. This approach recognizes the role of trauma in people's lives. It empowers them by promoting trust, choice, collaboration, and safety. Trauma-informed care is central to meeting children's social and emotional needs and fulfilling the Head Start mission.

Just as we teach children and offer strategies to help them cope, we need to take intentional steps to boost our own wellness during this time of uncertainty. There are a number of strategies to consider:

Labeling and recognizing our own feelings

Taking a mental break from the news and other stressors

Doing something we enjoy

Taking care of our bodies and our minds

Focusing on the facts and educating ourselves about what we can do and what is in our control

Being more patient with ourselves and those around us

Reaching out for help when needed

Focusing on mental health and wellness is so important. We need to do it for ourselves, our families, our communities, and for the children we serve.

Sangeeta Parikshak is a Licensed Clinical Child Psychologist and the Lead for Early Childhood Behavioral Health for the Office of Head Start.

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Head Start Forward: Emotionally Strong Together | ECLKC

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Addressing mental health, which includes the social and emotional well-being of children and the adults who care for them, is key to addressing COVID-19. The COVID-19 pandemic is unique because it is a shared adverse event that has impacted us all in some way.

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Your Healthiest Self
From the time you're born, your relationships help you learn to navigate the world. You learn how to interact with others, express yourself, conduct everyday health habits, and be a part of different communities from those around you. Positive social habits can help you build support systems and stay healthier mentally and physically. Flip each card below for checklists on how to improve your health in each area. Click on the images to read articles about each topic. You can also print the checklists separately or all together to share with others or as a reminder to yourself.
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6 strategies for improving your social health

Want to learn more?

NIH scientists study how your family, relationships, and communities impact your health and well-being. Read more resources from the NIH institutes advancing research in these areas.
More resources about social wellness "

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Learn how to create positive social habits that help you stay healthier mentally and physically.

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The Counseling Teacher.com-Teacher Video Memes:

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The Counseling Teacher.com-Teacher Video Memes:

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As educators, we cannot always take everything so seriously. It's important to find ways to laugh and use humor to release stress. Self care is a critical component to avoiding burnout. I hope you can relate to a few of these teacher videos & memes that I had great fun creating. Some of them can only be understood by teachers.

I hope you enjoyed these teacher video memes. They were fun to make. For more ideas for teacher stress busters, you might like this post. Also, download the Calm App for your phone to have a portable stress reliever any time you need it. Calm is currently free for educators through the "Calm Classroom Initiative." This is the link to the educator access. Enjoy!

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Funny Teacher Videos for Stress Relief - The Counseling Teacher

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As educators, we cannot always take everything so seriously. It's important to find ways to laugh and use humor to release stress. Self care is a critical component to avoiding burnout. I hope you can relate to a few of these teacher videos & memes that I had great fun creating.

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Taking Care of Ourselves: Stress and Relaxation 

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Taking Care of Ourselves: Stress and Relaxation 

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Taking Care of Ourselves: Stress and Relaxation

Stress is natural and can be inevitable. But stress can take a toll on your health and effectiveness as an early childhood educator or parent. It impacts the quality of care that you can give. When you are too stressed it is difficult to offer the praise, nurturance, and structure your children need.

Please use the resources below to help reduce your stress:

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Stress is natural and can be inevitable. But stress can take a toll on your health and effectiveness as an early childhood educator or parent. It impacts the quality of care that you can give. When you are too stressed it is difficult to offer the praise, nurturance, and structure your children need.

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The Backpack Connection Series was created by TACSEI to provide a way for teachers and parents/caregivers to work together to help young children develop social emotional skills and reduce challenging behavior. Teachers may choose to send a handout home in each child’s backpack when a new strategy or skill is introduced to the class. Each Backpack Connection handout provides information that helps parents stay informed about what their child is learning at school and specific ideas on how to use the strategy or skill at home.

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Whether it's your individual journey at focus or sharing the experience with others - taking action will lead you towards a happier life.

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Taking Care of Ourselves: Stress and Relaxation

Stress is natural and can be inevitable. But stress can take a toll on your health and effectiveness as an early childhood educator or parent. It impacts the quality of care that you can give. When you are too stressed it is difficult to offer the praise, nurturance, and structure your children need.

Please use the resources below to help reduce your stress:

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Stress is natural and can be inevitable. But stress can take a toll on your health and effectiveness as an early childhood educator or parent. It impacts the quality of care that you can give. When you are too stressed it is difficult to offer the praise, nurturance, and structure your children need.

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Login to MyPeers to receive latest company news, collaborate in teams with your colleagues, find company information and so much more.

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The Pyramid Model for Supporting Social Emotional Competence in Infants and Young Children. We have developed extensive, user-friendly training materials, videos, and print resources which are available directly from this website to help early care, health and education providers implement this model.

State Partnerships

Visit our states page to find more information about any of our state partners or new resources and information for all states.

State Partners: California, Colorado, Hawaii, Iowa, Maryland, Massachusetts, Nebraska, North Carolina, Tennessee, Vermont, and Wisconsin.

Stay Connected to CSEFEL: sign up for our electronic updates

Pyramid Model

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CSEFEL: Center on the Social and Emotional Foundations for Early Learning

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The National Center for Effective Mental Health Consultation (CEMHC) addresses the needs of Early Head Start/Head Start (E/HS) staff and families for practical guidance on effective ways to promote young childrenís social and emotional development and reduce challenging behaviors.

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Head Start and Early Head Start staff are better able to provide the care and nurturing children need to thrive when programs focus on the well-being of the adults. Programs can create wellness strategies that promote both physical and mental health for staff. In the resources below, learn ways to promote a culture of wellness for young children and the adults who care for them.

Explore Resources

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Explore these resource collections to learn about strategies to promote physical and mental health for staff in Head Start programs.

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Head Start and Early Head Start programs support the mental health of children, families, and staff every day. Early childhood mental health is the same as social and emotional well-being. It is a child's developing capacity to express and regulate emotions, form trusting relationships, explore, and learn-all in the cultural context of family and community. The mental health of children and the adults that care for them is essential for school readiness.

Explore Resources

Mental Health

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Head Start and Early Head Start programs support the mental health of children, families, and staff every day. Early childhood mental health is the same as social and emotional well-being.

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conscious discipline® dr. becky bailey education school family social-emotional bullying

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Conscious Discipline® is a comprehensive social- emotional and classroom management program that uses everyday life events to teach children and adults self-...

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PBIS World | A Complete Tier 1 Through Tier 3 Positive Behavior Interventions & Supports System

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PBIS World is in no way affiliated, associated, or connected with any other website, entity, organization, or federal, state, local, or other government agency, department, program, policy, organization, or initiative.

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Fast Facts

At least 1 in 7 children have experienced child abuse and/or neglect in the past year, and this is likely an underestimate. In 2019, 1,840 children died of abuse and neglect in the United States.

Each day, more than 1,000 youth are treated in emergency departments for physical assault-related injuries.

In 2019, about 1 in 5 high school students reported being bullied on school property in the last year.

8% of high school students had been in a physical fight on school property one or more times during the 12 months before the survey.

Each day, about 14 youth die from homicide, and more than 1,300 are treated in emergency departments for violence-related injuries.
It's important to recognize the signs of traumatic stress and its short- and long-term impact.
The signs of traumatic stress may be different in each child. Young children may react differently than older children.

Preschool Children

Fear being separated from their parent/caregiver

Cry or scream a lot

Eat poorly or lose weight

Have nightmares

Elementary School Children

Become anxious or fearful

Feel guilt or shame

Have a hard time concentrating

Have difficulty sleeping

Middle and High School Children

Feel depressed or alone

Develop eating disorders or self-harming behaviors

Begin abusing alcohol or drugs

Become involved in risky sexual behavior

The Body's Alarm System

Everyone has an alarm system in their body that is designed to keep them safe from harm. When activated, this tool prepares the body to fight or run away. The alarm can be activated at any perceived sign of trouble and leave kids feeling scared, angry, irritable, or even withdrawn.

Healthy Steps Kids Can Take to Respond to the Alarm

Recognize what activates the alarm and how their body reacts

Decide whether there is real trouble and seek help from a trusted adult

Practice deep breathing and other relaxation methods

Impact of Trauma

The impact of child traumatic stress can last well beyond childhood. In fact, research has shown that child trauma survivors may experience:

Learning problems, including lower grades and more suspensions and expulsions

Increased use of health and mental health services

Increase involvement with the child welfare and juvenile justice systems

Long-term health problems (e.g., diabetes and heart disease)

Trauma is a risk factor for nearly all behavioral health and substance use disorders.
There is hope. Children can and do recover from traumatic events, and you can play an important role in their recovery.
A critical part of children's recovery is having a supportive caregiving system, access to effective treatments, and service systems that are trauma informed.

Get Help Now
SAMHSA Behavioral Health Treatment Services Locator The National Child Traumatic Stress Network: Get Help Now Healthcare Toolbox: Basics of Trauma-Informed Care
Not all children experience child traumatic stress after experiencing a traumatic event. With support, many children are able to recover and thrive.

As a caring adult and/or family member, you play an important role.

Remember To:

Assure the child that he or she is safe.

Explain that he or she is not responsible. Children often blame themselves for events that are completely out of their control.

Be patient. Some children will recover quickly while others recover more slowly. Reassure them that they do not need to feel guilty or bad about any feelings or thoughts.

Seek the help of a trained professional. When needed, a mental health professional trained in evidence-based trauma treatment can help children and families cope and move toward recovery. Ask your pediatrician, family physician, school counselor, or clergy member for a referral.

Visit the following websites for more information:

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Recognize the signs of child traumatic stress and the impact that trauma may have on children. The infographic developed by SAMHSA's National Child Traumatic Stress Initiative (NCSTI) provides information on the prevalence and impact of traumatic events on children, and what actions can be taken to support children who experience traumatic events.