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The Snowden revelations suggest the NSA can collect 5 billion records of mobile phone location a day and 42 billion internet records – including email and browsing history – a month.

The Stasi took surveillance to unprecedented, intrusive levels to gather deep knowledge about what people did and said, which they used to manipulate and control the population.

The Stasi’s surveillance network spiralled out into every aspect of daily life. Among an estimated 274,000 employees were at least 174,000 informants, which would have been about 2.5% of the working population.

Tools of the Spy Trade

In the Stasi museum, you will see the sinister spying tools and techniques of the past: machines for steaming open letters, disguises (fake moustaches), training for infiltrating “subversive” groups, and cameras hidden in ties, cigarette packs, or simply in apartment walls.

- The Stasi steamed open letters, copied them, filed them and sent them on. They went into homes when people were out and bugged them. They tapped into the phone infrastructure of buildings.

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Communist regimes now offered their subjects limited latitude in terms of the music they listened to, the TV they watched, and the clothes they wore: but there was an expectation that these would remain privatized pleasures. Increased secret police surveillance was part of this preoccupation with keeping things in the right place – an attempt to ensure that individuality was not spilling out of the private sphere and that matters were not being taken too far. Eastern European rulers may have felt compelled to allow some degree of individualism, but they also made strenuous attempts to contain and compartmentalize it.

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                                              History

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                                              History

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One of the most exciting historiographical trends of the past decade has been this exploration of what the ‘Imaginary West’ meant in concrete terms, and how it was incorporated into indigenous imaginaries.3 Did a love of the Beatles make one feel less Soviet?4 Did a Polish punk fan feel a greater attachment to the global punk community than to her or his local ‘scene’?5 These developments raise important questions about the relationship between where events took place, and the meaning attributed to them.6 Did the relocation of individual agency to the private sphere lead to a narrowing of mental horizons – or could events that took place in private still feel like they had significance beyond the walls of the home? We are just starting to think about how the privatization of the 1970s and 1980s articulated with growing global awareness within Eastern Europe.7 This article takes up these questions, using a case study of lesbians and gay men living in East Berlin in the 1970s and 1980s. This was a group at the cutting edge of social change in the Eastern Bloc. Sex between men had been decriminalized in 1968 (sex between women had never been prohibited), but the authorities’ expectation was that same-sex sexuality would remain firmly behind closed doors.8 Homosexuality remained an almost total taboo in the public sphere. Meanwhile, news of the blossoming gay rights movement in West Germany and beyond filtered through via Western TV and visitors. Caught between a prohibitive public sphere at home, and a rapidly developing international gay politics abroad, how did gay men and lesbians negotiate the restrictions of state-socialist rule? I approach this question using the concept of ‘scale’ to analyze the relative importance of local, national, and global places, events, and explanatory frameworks in everyday lives. As I will argue, the production of scale was both an imaginative tool for making sense of the world, and a political strategy in dealing with the state.

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How East Berlin is like as a movie reference

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How East Berlin is like as a movie reference

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The Lives of Others | Official Trailer (2006)

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The punk kids who are partying in Xanthe's apartment

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In 1946, also under Soviet pressure, the German Communist Party (KPD) and the German Social Democratic Party (SPD) were merged to form the Socialist Unity Party (SED). The SED remained the centre of power in the GDR until 1989.

The rulers created a system of power based on force, threats, rewards and privilege. Individuals were taught to conform, comply and, whenever possible, participate. The SED, with unrestrained access to almost all areas of life - the churches remained an exception - could control the population comprehensively and reward and reprimand as needed.

The Ministry for State Security (MfS) constituted the centre of the ruling apparatus. Under the SED leadership, the so-called “Shield and Sword of the Party” was responsible for protecting the “workers’ and peasants’ state” and securing the SED dictatorship.

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Pin by Eiserner Engel on Die zerrissene Stadt, geteiltes Land | Berlin wall, Berlin, Fall of berlin wall

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This Pin was discovered by Eiserner Engel. Discover (and save!) your own Pins on Pinterest

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Reference of Manthe (Blonde Hair) and Xanthe (Black Hair) 

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Reference of Manthe (Blonde Hair) and Xanthe (Black Hair) 

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This image is almost exactly how I imagined them, except with Xanthe much shorter, and it's more kind of like a pixie cut that I imagined because she's secretly a rebel, so that's the type of feeling I got. Manthe in her casual way like if she was at work, I would say her hair would be tied up in a military bun and she has a serious face, but this is kind of an image showing her in a happy environment. In height wise Manthe is shorter than Xanthe and Xanthe would be like 170cm

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Deze pin is ontdekt door Memories of the past, 
The old. Ontdek (en bewaar!) je eigen pins op Pinterest.

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Xanthe: outside world, she is a bit strict, quiet and keeps it to herself, but with Max and Manthe, she is a bit outgoing and a bit of a tease.

Manthe: outside world, she is uptight, she doesn't like people going in her space, and she keeps hold of herself. When she's with Xanthe, she's a bit sassy, likes to do at her way and doesn't like anyone getting in her way.

Peter: A manly man, likes to flirt, but he is secretly sensitive.

Max: Can be serious when he wants to, but overall can he's playful, but when it comes down to business he likes to take care of his business himself.

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Peter is more like in his 30s, with dark hair, a scar on his right cheek, and he's built.

Max is more fit on the younger side, I would say he is 25 or 26, that's where he gets his playfulness from, I would not have him as a blonde and have him with dark hair and medium-built.

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「Hombres válidos」おしゃれまとめの人気アイデア｜Pinterest｜Val-Knj Kim | ヘタリア, ミーム, ポーズ集

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2024/12/27 - このピンは、Val-Knj Kimさんが見つけました。あなたも Pinterest で自分だけのピンを見つけて保存しましょう！