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The Red Scare was a collective fear of socialistic, communistic, and anarchistic ideologies that nativists believed many immigrants held, specifically Eastern Europeans.

D tier- Nativist fear of immigrants and a stereotypical ideology assigned to them was emblematic of a capitalistic, racist society.

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In 1920, the eighteenth amendment banned the sale and manufacture of alcoholic beverages. This resulted in the creation of thousands of speakeasies, particularly within urban areas. Bootlegging became widespread, and alcohol consumption rose sharply.

C tier - While federal restrictions of freedom are generally bad, making an attempt to decrease alcoholism is likely in good faith. However, the reaction to prohibition barred this from having any sort of real influence other than an increase in criminal activity.

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The Harlem Renaissance was incredibly important, as it created many pathways for African Americans in America. The Harlem Renaissance was a vibrant cultural and intellectual movement, that took place in Harlem, New York City. The movement played a crucial role in shaping and celebrating African identity, challenging racial stereotypes and promoting social and political awareness.

S Tier - The Harlem Renaissance brought more awareness to African American art which prompted more support and self - pride for African Americans. It also made an impact for future generations of African American artists.

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Flappers were women who refused to give up the independence afforded to them during WWI, keeping their jobs, wearing short dresses and short hair, and keeping an active life outside of the domestic sphere.

A tier- Represented significant growth for women's rights as women expressed themselves more openly and were not quite as restricted in their clothes and behavior.

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Beginning in 1916, the Great Migration occurred after mass lynching and anti black hate crimes. In total, six million people migrated from the rural south into urban areas. Beforehand, 90% of black people lived in the rural south and by 1970 that number was basically cut in half. This allowed for black people to have access to higher paying jobs rather than exclusively agricultural and factory work.

A tier- This was a bold act of resistance against southern racial hierarchies. Furthermore, it brought forth much more success for black people within the United States. However, the fact that leaving their homes in the first place was necessary to live, and have anywhere near the same opportunities that whites did, is emblematic of southern racist violence at large.

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Henry Ford's innovative approach to manufacturing, revolutionized the automobile industry. Ford's introductions of the assembly line and mass production techniques made automobiles more affordable and accessible. The assembly line also changed the American economy and the society itself.

B tier - This would be a B tier, as Henry Ford's creations led to an increase of mobility, job creation, and economic growth. The wages of workers significantly went up and better working conditions.

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Characterized by indulgence, art deco, endless celebration, the Jazz age lasted from 1918 to 1929, ending due to the Great Depression. Jazz itself fell under attack from large, white institutions as it originated from black artists and culture. Religious Institutions and Women's Groups united under a call for legislature to eradicate the music and New York followed suit with the Colito Bill, which forced dance halls to close after 12 and thus preforming music was made financially unsustainable. However, in Harlem the bill was loosely enforced so Jazz continued to thrive there. Paul Whiteman captured mass appeal with his music, selling millions of Jazz records.

S tier- The Jazz age represented a drift from conservative, traditional values within the youth and allowed for more freedom of expression outside of religious standards.

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The post war riots, highlighted the ongoing racial tensions and inequalities in American society. These riots sparked due to racial conflicts and acts of violence against African Americans. This led to widespread destruction in many cities across the nation. The riots exposed the racism African Americans and other minority groups faced and also prompted need for social and political change.

F tier - These riots led to more divisions and animosity among different racial groups. The riots also led to destruction of property and many people lost their lives.

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The scopes trial, also known as the Monkey Trail, led to the discussion regarding the denial of the biblical account of human creation. The trail tested Tennessee's newly passed law that prohibited the teaching of evolution in schools. John T. Scopes, a high school teacher, was charged with teaching Darwin's theory of natural selection. The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) saw this as a threat to scientific inquiry and academic freedom. The trial challenged the law's constitutionality and sparked a larger debate about the role of religion and science in education.

D teir - The trial had a lasting impact on the teaching of evolution in schools and highlighted the clash between traditional beliefs and emerging scientific ideas. However, the trail focused more on the legal aspects rather than the scientific evidence itself creating a very narrow perspective

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During the roaring twenties, stock prices were high, and many people were investing in the market. However, there were underlying issues that eventually led to the crash. One of the main factors was the excessive speculation and buying on margin, where investors borrowed money to buy stocks. This created an unsustainable bubble in the market. On October 24, 1929, also known as Black Thursday, panic selling began, and stock prices plummeted. The crash had a ripple effect, leading to bank failures, unemployment, and the Great Depression.

A tier - The stock market crash was a period of unusual growth and prosperity, however, it also had its downsides. Excessive speculation and risky investments were present, leading to an unsustainable market. This financial failure had a very huge impact on the economy of the United states.

The Stock Market Crash

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The Washington Naval Conference in the 1920s gathered world leaders to discuss naval disarmament and ease tensions in East Asia. The conference resulted in three major treaties, including the Five-Power Treaty, which set limits on warship tonnage for the US, UK, Japan, France, and Italy. It aimed to prevent another arms race and promote peace. It was a significant step towards preventing future conflicts.

C tier - The Washington Naval Conference had a significant impact on global politics and international relations at the time. The treaties signed during the conference helped to reduce tensions and prevent a potential arms race among major naval powers. It was a crucial step towards promoting peace and stability in the world.

Washington Navel Conference of 1921 - 1922

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The discovery of Penicillin in 1928 by Dr. Alexander Fleming was very significant towards the advancement of medicine. Dr Fleming noticed mold growing on a Petri dish of Staphylococcus bacteria. He observed that the mold was preventing the bacteria around it from growing. Dr. Fleming identified the mold as producing a chemical called penicillin, which could kill bacteria. The "Penicillin Project", led my Dr Fleming, led to the successful development of penicillin as a life-saving antibiotic.

B tier - The discovery of Penicillin revolutionized medicine and saved countless lives. The accidental discovery had a huge impact on the treatment of bacterial infections and paved the way for the development of antibiotics and enhanced medical practices in many ways.

How Penicillin was discovered

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Beginning in the 1920s, the government under president Harding was being bribed by companies to drill oil on federal land in Ohio and California worth millions of dollars. Organized by the Secretary of the Interior Albert Hall, Harding's campaign had been backed by oilmen and Hall had financial incentive. The government bribed the press not to publish the scandal, but eventually incurred investigation from the senate and Hall lost hundreds of thousands of dollars and was sent to Jail.

C tier - The Teapot Dome Scandal was a corrupt deal in the first place, allowing the wealthy to lord power over the government. However, the publicization and willingness to challenge high ranking government officials helped make strides towards a just and progressive society.

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Teapot Dome Scandal - Definition, Dates & Effects

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The Teapot Dome Scandal of the 1920s shocked Americans by revealing an unprecedented level of greed and corruption within the federal government. In the end, the scandal would empower the Senate to conduct rigorous investigations into government corruption.

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Although it had existed for decades, the popularity of the radio increased exponentially over the 1920s and they became a core facet of an American household. In the mid 1920s, the "Golden Age of Radio" began, and entertainment as a whole became far more accessible than it had been prior. This was representative of the shift from a work-focused lifestyle towards a more relaxed, enjoyment focused one. From 1925 to 1930 the percentage of radio owners doubled from 20% to 40% over just five years. Televised sports games and broadcasting companies began to be formed. From one of these broadcasting companies came the first radio station, KDKA created in 1920.

B tier - The radio allowed for widespread access to entertainment and the arts was an invaluable asset to furthering society during the 1920s. However, it increased the rate of capitalistic consumption for the average person, and helped propel Americans towards the state of technology reliance that is seen today.

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Think about radio, and what often comes to mind is the crystal clear music and spoken words broadcast by FM stations across America. But radio wasn't always so advanced -- or so popular. Like many technologies, it evolved gradually and gained acceptance slowly. Today, radio continues to evolve as it competes with other technologies to attract and hold an audience.

The first steps toward inventing radio involved discovering electromagnetic waves and their potential. Hans Christian Oersted was the first to proclaim, in 1820, that a magnetic field is created around a wire that has a current running through it. In 1830, English physicist Michael Faraday confirmed Oersted's theory, and established the principle of electromagnetic induction.

In 1864, James Clerk Maxwell, an experimental physics professor at Cambridge University, published a theoretical paper stating that electromagnetic currents could be perceived at a distance. Maxwell also boldly postulated that such waves travelled at the speed of light. In the late 1880s, German physicist Heinrich Hertz tested Maxwell's theory. He succeeded in producing electromagnetic waves, and confirmed Maxwell's prediction about their speed.

Not long after, Guglielmo Marconi, an Italian inventor, brought electromagnetic waves out of the laboratory and into the world.

He began with short-distance broadcasts in his own back yard. In September, 1899, he astounded the world by telegraphing the results of the America's Cup yacht races from a ship at sea to a land-based station in New York. By the end of 1901, Marconi had founded his own commercial wireless company and broadcast the first transatlantic signal.

For a time, wireless broadcasts were limited to coded dots and dashes. But on December 24, 1906, Canadian-born physicist Reginald Fessenden changed that by sending the first long-distance transmission of human voice and music from his station at Brant Rock, Massachusetts. His signal was received as far away as Norfolk, Virginia. The stage for commercial voice and music broadcasts was set.

A steady stream of inventions pushed radio forward. In 1907, American inventor Lee De Forest introduced his patented Audion signal detector--which allowed radio frequency signals to be amplified dramatically. Another American inventor, Edwin Armstrong, developed the superheterodyne circuit in 1918, and in 1933 discovered how FM broadcasts could be produced. FM provided a clearer broadcast signal than AM, but RCA's top executive, David Sarnoff, was pushing for the development of television. Sarnoff withheld FM from the public for more than a decade.

Still, the public demand for radio grew exponentially. Entertainment broadcasting began in about 1910, and included De Forest's own program, which he aired from the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City. An entertainment broadcasting venture based in Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania, became the first commercial radio station, KDKA, in 1920. The station WWJ, in Detroit, Michigan, also one of the firsts, began commercial broadcasting in the same year. Among the early proponents of entertainment broadcasting was Sarnoff, who used radio to create corporate empires at RCA and NBC.

The period between the late 1920s and the early 1950s is considered the Golden Age of Radio, in which comedies, dramas, variety shows, game shows, and popular music shows drew millions of listeners across America. But in the 1950s, with the introduction of television, the Golden Age faded. Still, radio remained a pop-culture force. Developments like stereophonic broadcasting, which began in the 1960s, helped radio maintain its popularity.

Among contemporary developments in radio is Digital Audio Broadcasting, or DAB. In the works since the late 1980s, it had not received FCC approval as of early 1999. According to proponents, DAB provides compact disc-quality sound without interference at any distance. DAB listeners can also become watchers: information such as programming schedules, and traffic and weather information, can be digitally displayed--on stereo "monitors" or LCD screens.

Already more than 100 years old, radio is still a powerful force in American life. According to a 1998 Arbitron report, over 95 percent of Americans listen to radio at least once a week. And with new technologies like DAB, the humble radio wave will likely retain its power for some time to come.

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The Development of Radio | American Experience | PBS

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From the discovery of that strange phenomenon known as electromagnetism to the advent of Digital Audio Broadcasting, radio sure has come a long way.

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The trail took place during a time of social and political tension, with anti-immigrant sentiments and fear of radical ideas running high. The trial became a symbol of the injustices faced by immigrants and those who held unpopular political beliefs. The trial highlighted the flaws in the justice system and the prejudices of the time.

F tier - The trial didn't really lead to any significant legal reforms or lasting changes in the justice system. While the case highlighted issues of prejudice and injustice, it didn't directly result in new laws or widespread social change.