# data[].attributes.headline
Two divisions of the automated nervous system and their alternate names 

# data[].attributes.subject
Two divisions of the automated nervous system and their alternate names 

# data[].attributes.body
Sympathetic Nervous System – fight, fright, flight

adrenergic

Parasympathetic Nervous System – rest and digest

cholinergic

# data[].attributes.body
Sympathetic nervous system

Acetylcholine (ACH)

Norepinephrine (NE)

Epinephrine (EPI)

Dopamine (DA)

Parasympathetic nervous system

NT is acetylcholine (ACH)

# data[].attributes.body
Sympathetic nervous system:

Acetylcholine (ACH)-cholinergic

NT released at ganglia from presynaptic nerve endings (both systems)

Norepinephrine (NE)-adrenergic

NT released at postganglionic nerve endings

Epinephrine (EPI)-adrenergic

acts on adrenergic receptors

produced by adrenal medulla

Dopamine (DA)

sympathetic and CNS neurotransmitter

precursor to NE

stimulates many receptors (alpha, beta, dopaminergic); different actions based on dose given

Parasympathetic nervous system

NT released at ganglia and postganglionic nerve endings is ACH (cholinergic)

# data[].attributes.body
Sympathetic

Alpha 1: found on glands, smooth muscles, eyes, most arteries and veins

Beta 1: located on the heart

Beta 2: Located on smooth muscle, lungs. Uterus, skeletal muscle arteries, coronary arteries

Parasympathetic

muscarinic:

located on cardiac, smooth muscle, and glands

at parasympathetic postganglionic nerve endings

decrease HR, bronchoconstriction, digestion, GI secretions, and urination, pupillary constriction

nicotinic 1 (Nn):

at ganglia of parasympathetic nerves and sympathetic nerves (synapse area)

nicotinic 2 (Nm):

somatic, neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle

If stimulated, muscle contracts. (Somatic Nervous system-voluntary control; division of Peripheral Nervous System)

# data[].attributes.body
Sympathetic

Adrenal medulla → Release of epinephrine

Arteries → Vasoconstriction (exceptions are the coronary arteries and arteries to skeletal muscles which are dilated)

Heart → Increase heart rate and AV conduction; increases contractility

Intestines, GI motility, and secretions → Decreased

Postganglionic neurotransmitter → Norepinephrine released

Pupil of the eye → dilation (mydriasis)

Respiratory passages, lower → Bronchodilation

Urinary bladder → Relaxation

Urinary sphincter → contraction

Parasympathetic

Adrenal medulla → NA

Arteries → most arteries are not supplied by parasympathetic nerves

Heart → Decreases heart rate and AV+ conduction; Slightly decrease in contractility

Intestines, GI motility, and secretions → increased

Postganglionic neurotransmitter → acetylcholine released

Pupil of the eye → constriction (miosis)

Respiratory passages, lower → bronchoconstriction

Urinary bladder → contraction

Urinary sphincter → Relaxation

# data[].attributes.headline
Sympathetic- Drug Classification, Receptors, and MOA 

# data[].attributes.subject
Sympathetic- Drug Classification, Receptors, and MOA 

# data[].attributes.body
Classification: Adrenergic Agonists

Receptors: Alpha-1

Action: contraction of smooth muscle, blood vessels constrict, increases BP

vasoconstriction of nasal passages → decongestant effect

Stimulates all alpha and beta receptors, an exception

Vasopressor-vasoconstriction, increases BP

Cardiac stimulant

Bronchodilator

Classification: Adrenergic-blocking drugs

Receptors: Alpha-1

MOA:

binds to alpha-1 receptors and blocks them

relaxation of smooth muscle

vasodilation of blood vessels, decreases BP

relaxes smooth muscle of ureters and increases urine flow

Classification: Beta-adrenergic agonists

Receptor: Beta-1

MOA:

Low dose-stimulates dopaminergic (d-1) receptors in kidneys causing vasodilation and increased renal blood flow

Moderate dose-stimulates  beta 1 receptors-heart, increases force of contraction and cardiac output

High dose- stimulates alpha-1 receptors causing vasoconstriction à increase in blood pressure

Receptor: Beta-2

MOA:

stimulates beta 2 receptors

relaxation of the smooth muscle of the lungs → bronchodilation

relaxation of the smooth muscle of the uterus

Classification: Beta-adrenergic blocking drugs

Receptors: Selective Beta-1 blockers

Action:

beta-1 receptor is blocked (antagonizes beta-1 effects of NE and EPI)

decreases the force of contraction  (negative inotropic), decreases cardiac output

decreases HR  (negative chronotropic)

decreases conduction (negative dromotropic)

decrease in cardiac output also decreases BP

Receptor: Non-selective beta blockers

Action:

block beta-1 and beta-2 receptors

decreases the force of contraction  (negative inotropic), decreases cardiac output

decreases HR  (negative chronotropic)

decreases conduction (negative dromotropic)

decrease in cardiac output also decreases BP

can cause bronchoconstriction

# data[].attributes.body
Sympathetic

Alpha-1 Adrenergic Agonists

ephedrine

phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine®)

Adrenergic Agonists

epinephrine (Adrenalin®)

Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blockers

prazosin (Minipress®)

terazosin (Hytrin®)

doxazosin (Cardura®)

Beta-1 Adrenergic Agonists

dobutamine

Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonists

formoterol (Foradil®)

albuterol (Proventil®, Ventolin®)

terbutaline (Brethine®)

Beta Blockers

Nonselective

nadolol (Corgard®)

propranolol (Inderal®)

timolol (Blocadren®)

Selective

atenolol (Tenormin®)

metoprolol (Lopressor®)

# data[].attributes.headline
Parasympathetic- Drug Classification, Receptors, & MOA

# data[].attributes.subject
Parasympathetic- Drug Classification, Receptors, & MOA

# data[].attributes.body
Classification: Direct-acting cholinergic agonists

Receptor: Muscarinic

MOA:

directly stimulate/bind to the muscarinic receptors in the parasympathetic division

mimics ACH

Classification: Indirect-acting cholinergic agonists

Receptor: All receptor sites (Muscarinic, Nicotinic-neural, Nicotinic-muscle)

MOA:

inhibit acetylcholinesterase, the enzyme that destroys ACH in the synapse

increases ACH

Classification: Anticholinergics/parasympatholytics

Receptor: Cholinergic/ Muscarinic

MOA:

bind to a cholinergic receptor

acts as a blocking drug; competitive antagonism

# data[].attributes.body
Direct Acting Cholinergic Agonist

acetylcholine

pilocarpine (Pilocar®)

bethanechol (Urecholine®)

Indirect Acting Cholinergic Agents

neostigmine (Prostigmin®)

Anticholinergics

atropine

dicyclomine (Bentyl®)

# data[].attributes.body
https://use.vg/8k73XD
https://use.vg/Ac3xG7