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The acronyms for visual impairments include VA(visual acuity) & VI (visual impairment)

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-Difficulty seeing clearly

-Blurred Vision

-Difficulty with depth perception

-Light sensitivity

-Reduced visual acuity

-Night blindness

-Tunnel Vision

-Seeing rings/halos around lights

-Seeing spots in front of your eyes

-Seeing double

-Distorted vision

-Squinting/rubbing eyes frequently

-Difficulty focusing on objects

-Complaining about not seeing things

-Blinking frequently

-Sitting close to television/screens to see

-Not noticing stains/mismatched clothing

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Identification Procedures & Service Delivery

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Identification Procedures & Service Delivery

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How are students identified?

Students that have visual impairments are identified typically by different medical evaluations given by optometrists and ophthalmologist. They can also be identified through functional vision tests from teachers (TVI'S) & learning media assignments.

What tests are used to determine visual impairments/blindness?

Tests include visual acuity tests such as the Snellen Test, visual test like the Amsler grid tests, Functional vision assessments and specialized tests like (ERG) & (VEP).

Where do most of the students receive their education?

Many students with visual impairments & blindness attend there local schools and receive extra help.

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-Braille materials

-Large print

-Assistive technology

-Preferable seating

-Adjusted lighting

-Orientation & mobility training

-Screen readers

-Text to speech software

-OCR software

-Tactile materials

-Audiobooks/Recordings

-Clear & safe travel paths

-Extended time for assignments/tests

-Alternative test environments

-Copies of notes

-Auditory lab warning signals

-Peer support & social integration

-Tactile models of graphic materials

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Behavior Management & Social Strategies, Adaptations or Accommodations

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Behavior Management & Social Strategies, Adaptations or Accommodations

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-Focus on multi sensory approach

-Clear communication

-Consistant routines

-Promote positive interactions

-Model appropriate behavior

-Hands on learning

-Describe images

-Provide accessible materials

-Identify triggers

-Positive reinforcement

-Seek professional support

-Be patient

-Collaboration

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1) https://www.hdesd.org/services/vision-services/visual-impairment-resources-for-educators/

This source shares many tools teachers can use in the classroom setting when working with students that have visual impairments.

2) https://www.prcvi.org/resources/resources-for-teachers/support-for-classroom-teachers/

This resource has specific education plans for children of different grades with different vision impairments.

3) https://www.pathstoliteracy.org/

This resource lastly has different activities and strategies to use for students.

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High Desert Education Service District - Improving student outcomes with excellence, equity and efficiency.

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The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) officially defines the category as "an impairment in vision that, even with correction, adversely affects a child's educational performance. The term includes both partial sight and blindness."

Accessibility options to help with viewing/reading

Tools for learning about braille/literacy

"In addition to all the core curricular areas included in the general educational curriculum, students with a visual impairment need to be assessed and receive instruction in very specific skills that have been demonstrated to be potential problem areas for persons with a visual disability." - Wisconsin National Agenda

The Nine Specific Skill Areas listed below comprise the Expanded Core Curriculum (ECC):

1. Assistive Technology

2. Career & Vocational Education/Transition

3. Compensatory Skills

4. Independent Living Skills & Personal Management

5. Orientation and Mobility Skills

6. Recreation and Leisure Skills

7. Self Determination

8. Social Skills

9. Sensory Efficiency Skills

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Visual Impairment Resources For Educators - High Desert Education Service District

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VI Resources for Educators What is Visual Impairment (VI)? The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) officially defines the category as "an impairment in vision that, even with correction, adversely affects a child's educational performance. The term includes both partial sight and blindness."

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1) https://www.loc.gov/nls/services-and-resources/informational-publications/resources-for-parents-of-blind-and-low-vision-children/

This website describes different education plans and ways parents can support there kids with blindness and visual impairments.

2) https://afb.org/blindness-and-low-vision/familyconnect

This website displays many different articles for parents to read about how to assist their children in various ways.

3) nfs.org

This website helps parents local programs near them that could help their children.

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National Library Service for the Blind and Print Disabled (NLS) | Library of Congress

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Resources for Parents of Blind and Low-Vision Children - National Library Service for the Blind and Print Disabled (NLS) | Library of Congress

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Introduction This guide lists resources for parents of children who are blind or low vision. In it, you will find an explanation of terms parents should know when raising children with visual disabilities, support organizations for parents, where to find accessible reading materials, sports and athletic organizations for blind and low-vision athletes, games, camps, federal

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Besser, E. (n.d.). Visual impairment characteristics. Eduardo Besser, M.D. Retrieved March 25, 2025, from https://www.eduardobessermd.com/blog/visual-impairment-characteristics#:~:text=There%20are%20a%20number%20of,to%20low%20or%20dim%20light.

Chicago Lighthouse. (n.d.). Home. The Chicago Lighthouse. Retrieved March 25, 2025, from https://chicagolighthouse.org

Behavioral issues in children with visual impairments and blindness: A guide for parents. (n.d.). American Printing House for the Blind. Retrieved March 25, 2025, from https://aphconnectcenter.org/familyconnect/browse-by-age/babies-and-toddlers/development/behavioral-issues-in-children-with-visual-impairments-and-blindness-a-guide-for-parents/#:~:text=Common%20behavioral%20issues%20include%20repetitive,seek%20independence%20and%20manage%20emotions.

Medical News Today. (n.d.). Medical News. Medical News Today. Retrieved March 25, 2025, from https://news.medical.net

ResearchGate. (n.d.). Abbreviations: VA visual acuity, VI visual impairment, WHO World Health Organization. Retrieved March 25, 2025, from https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Abbreviations-VA-visual-acuity-VI-visual-impairment-WHO-World-Health-Organization_fig1_303380011#

Trinity University. (n.d.). Home. Trinity University. Retrieved March 25, 2025, from https://trinity.edu

Resources for classroom teachers. (n.d.). Pacific Resource Center for the Visually Impaired. Retrieved March 25, 2025, from https://www.prcvi.org/resources/resources-for-teachers/support-for-classroom-teachers/

Paths to Literacy. (n.d.). Retrieved March 25, 2025, from https://www.pathstoliteracy.org/

Library of Congress. (n.d.). Home. Library of Congress. Retrieved March 25, 2025, from https://loc.gov

National Federation of the Blind. (n.d.). Home. National Federation of the Blind. Retrieved March 25, 2025, from https://nfs.org