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Esta es una herramienta que sirve para hacer el seguimiento de pacientes crónicos en el país de España

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mTiba (Kenia)

¿Qué es?
Una plataforma de gestión de salud móvil que funciona a través de M-Pesa (el sistema de pago móvil). Permite a los usuarios recibir, almacenar y enviar fondos específicamente para servicios de salud.

Impacto:

Financiación sanitaria: Facilita el acceso a servicios médicos a poblaciones no bancarizadas.

Transparencia: Los fondos solo pueden usarse en centros de salud autorizados, reduciendo el malgasto.

Datos en tiempo real: Proporciona información valiosa sobre patrones de enfermedad y uso de servicios.

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Home - Simplify your health insurance journey

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M-TIBA is one mobile platform where everyone’s health is digitally connected. Making healthcare more affordable and accessible to millions of Kenyans.

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1. IBM Watson Health (Inteligencia Artificial en diagnósticos)

Área impactada: Diagnóstico médico y tratamiento personalizado.

Impacto: Watson analiza miles de artículos científicos y datos clínicos en segundos, apoyando a los médicos en la detección de enfermedades como el cáncer y en la elección de tratamientos más efectivos. Esto acelera la toma de decisiones y mejora la precisión en los diagnósticos.

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Adoption of healthcare technology and digital reinvention have accelerated in recent years.

IBM helps drives transformation in the healthcare industry with a smarter architecture, modernized core systems, adoption of open standards and scaled data value. We design secure platform experiences for data and artificial intelligence needs across enterprise.

We also offer you advanced healthcare technology solutions to drive impact, services to digitally transform and the ability to implement at scale with a trusted partner.

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IBM healthcare technology solutions designed to simplify operations, provide data insights and enable efficiency and resiliency to improve population health.

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Fitia es una aplicación móvil que genera planes nutricionales personalizados para que los usuarios alcancen sus objetivos de pérdida de peso, ganancia muscular o comer mejor.

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Fitia - Pierde o Gana Peso con Un Plan Inteligente

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Conoce tus requerimientos de calorías y macronutrientes. Obtén sugerencias de comidas personalizadas. Accede a miles de recetas. Descarga FITIA gratis.

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Es una plataforma que provee servicios de salud a distancia, en las instancias de promoción, prevención, diagnóstico, tratamiento o rehabilitación, por profesionales de la salud.

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Telemedicina: Un futuro al alcance de todos - We Doctor

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Los avances en la ciencia y la tecnología, llegan a la vida de las personas trayendo nuevas propuestas, y también nuevos desafíos. El campo de la salud, no queda afuera de esta realidad. El proceso salud-enfermedad es una cuestión que nos implica a todos, en cualquier momento de la vida; la atraviesa, la transita y

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Permite a los ciudadanos acceder a servicios de salud digitales, gestionar citas, diagnósticos complementarios, terapéuticos, historial, etc.

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Scribe (Quirónsalud)

Qué es: Herramienta de inteligencia artificial generativa que transcribe automáticamente la conversación médico-paciente en tiempo real, identifica los elementos clínicamente relevantes y genera informes estructurados. Diario de Sevilla+3ConSalud+3Computing+3

Área impactada: Atención médica / consultas médicas, privado. ConSalud+1

Impacto: Reduce la carga administrativa para los médicos, permite que se enfoquen más en la interacción directa con los pacientes; agiliza la documentación clínica y mejora la calidad del informe, además de contribuir a una mejor experiencia del paciente.

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Quirónsalud ha puesto en marcha el proyecto Scribe, la innovadora iniciativa con la que el Grupo evoluciona la asistencia sanitaria tradicional en España hacia un nuevo modelo centrado en la completa humanización de la atención. Este enfoque sitúa la relación médico-paciente como eje vertebrador de la consulta, eliminando distracciones tecnológicas y trámites administrativos para que los profesionales puedan focalizar su atención exclusivamente en el paciente. " Mirar a los ojos del paciente durante la consulta médica, entender lo que necesita cada uno, es nuestra forma de atender a lo más importante para nosotros, las personas", afirma la Dra. Cristina Caramés, directora asistencial y de investigación de Grupo Quirónsalud.

El uso en consulta de Scribe, una nueva capacidad tecnológica de Quirónsalud que, mediante el uso de Inteligencia Artificial generativa lo hará posible, pues permite la transcripción automática e interpretación de la conversación entre médico y paciente. De esta forma, a partir de la voz, se automatiza la introducción de datos en el sistema, se identifican los elementos claves para ir completando la historia clínica del paciente, se elimina toda la información que no sea relevante o no esté relacionada con el proceso clínico y, además, se guía al profesional a lo largo de la cita para que pueda dedicarse al cuidado de la persona de principio a fin. Todo ello da lugar a un nuevo modelo asistencial que fomenta una relación más cercana, optimiza significativamente el tiempo útil de la consulta y emite informes médicos de mayor calidad, que son entregados al paciente una vez revisados y validados por el facultativo, asegurando una redacción clara y sin abreviaturas para facilitar la comprensión de la situación, diagnóstico y su tratamiento, tanto por parte de los pacientes como de sus familiares.
Humanización de la consulta: sin pantallas, sin barreras, sin interrupciones
La tecnología, aunque sigue siendo un pilar fundamental y en crecimiento en los centros de Quirónsalud, se ha integrado para no interrumpir la dinámica asistencial y permitir al sanitario compartir información relevante con el paciente solo cuando es necesario, sin que esto afecte la fluidez de la conversación, "lo que asegura que la atención esté siempre dirigida al paciente y no a los dispositivos tecnológicos. Con Scribe, devolvemos el contacto visual y la atención plena al paciente".

Scribe refuerza la misión de Quirónsalud de ofrecer una atención sanitaria más humana, cercana, eficiente y alineada con los altos estándares de calidad que caracterizan al Grupo, en el que la tecnología está al servicio del paciente y el profesional, pero nunca como una barrera, sino como una ayuda importantísima que agiliza y personaliza la consulta, optimizando el tiempo y mejorando la experiencia.
Transformación íntegra del patient jouney
La evolución del modelo no solo mejora la experiencia del paciente, sino también la del médico, que puede concentrarse en lo que realmente importa. Se diferencia del modelo tradicional desde el momento en que el paciente se autoadmisiona y avisa de cuándo puede acceder directamente a la consulta, sin pasar por una sala de espera. Una vez en la consulta, el especialista revisa la historia clínica y, si es necesario, muestra los resultados de las pruebas, potenciando la transparencia y colaboración con el paciente en su propio proceso clínico.

Durante la consulta, Scribe escucha y procesa la conversación entre el médico y el paciente, sugiriendo prescripciones y pruebas basadas en la información intercambiada. El médico podrá realizar una exploración física e indicar pruebas a realizar o prescribir el tratamiento adecuado. Tras revisar las sugerencias proporcionadas por la herramienta, el facultativo valida o ajusta la información, reduciendo el margen de error en el registro de datos, que son procesados de forma estrictamente confidencial y almacenados de forma segura.
Primeros pilotos con un alto grado de satisfacción por parte de los pacientes
El principal escenario de aplicación del modelo Scribe se centra en el ámbito ambulatorio de consultas, aunque tiene aplicación en otros escenarios dentro del hospital. De hecho, desde el pasado mes de junio, este modelo está operativo en el Servicio de Traumatología y Cirugía Ortopédica del Hospital Universitari General de Catalunya, con un alto grado de satisfacción por parte de los pacientes. Según la Dra. Sandra Quintela, traumatóloga de dicho centro, "cuando este modelo de futuro se implante globalmente lograremos romper definitivamente las barreras físicas para acompañar a los pacientes en todo el proceso de una manera más humana".

En Madrid también se comenzó a dar los primeros pasos bajo este modelo asistencial en diferentes especialidades como en el Servicio de Neumología del Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz; en el de Otorrinolaringología del Hospital Universitario General de Villalba; el de Urología en el Hospital Universitario Infanta Elena; o en el Servicio de Cardiología del Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos. "En estos cuatro centros, el 90% de los pacientes han mostrado su satisfacción con esta nueva forma de recibir asistencia sanitaria, destacando aspectos concretos como la cercanía del médico durante la consulta, la agilidad en la atención o el nuevo acondicionamiento de las consultas donde fueron atendidos", concluyen los doctores Damián García Olmo y Emilio Calvo, jefes respectivos de los departamentos de Cirugía General y Digestiva, y Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología de los citados cuatro hospitales.

Scribe ya está implantándose en nuevos servicios y unidades de distintos centros hospitalarios del Grupo Quirónsalud de toda la geografía española, con el fin de que el proyecto, a comienzos de 2025, lo usen ya más de 8.000 médicos, lo que equivale a más del 60% de los facultativos de la compañía.

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Quirónsalud rediseña su modelo asistencial reafirmándose en la humanización y la relación médico-paciente

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El Grupo comienza la implantación del proyecto Scribe a nivel nacional, que elimina las barreras tradicionales entre médico y paciente, con la Inteligen...

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Ampliamente impulsada tras la pandemia de COVID-19 para consultas a distancia, seguimiento de pacientes crónicos y acceso a especialistas en zonas rurales.

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La telemedicina es el uso de la tecnología que permite a un paciente tener citas médicas (o visitas) con su médico u otro miembro de su equipo de atención médica.

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Qué hace: es una plataforma nacional para recolectar datos clínicos grandes (historiales médicos electrónicos de hospitales) automáticamente para uso en investigación, salud pública, análisis con IA, etc.

Impacto: permite que los investigadores japoneses aprovechen datos reales a gran escala, lo que puede mejorar diagnósticos, tratamientos basados en evidencia, investigación epidemiológica.

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電子カルテ情報を活用したリアルワールドデータ収集・提供基盤の構築事業

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Startup es una empresa de reciente creación, que se basa en las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) para comercializar sus productos o servicios. Presenta un modelo de negocio escalable y su prioridad es crecer de manera ágil y rápida.

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¿Qué es una startup? Características y ejemplos de éxito | Repsol

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Descubre qué es una startup y cómo estas empresas emergentes impulsan el futuro de la energía. Conoce los desafíos y oportunidades que ofrecen.

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Es una plataforma nacional que permite a los ciudadanos descargar sus registros médicos consolidados desde distintos hospitales y clínicas.

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Abstract

Objectives

In the Fourth Industrial Revolution, there is a focus on managing diverse medical data to improve healthcare and prevent disease. The challenges include tracking detailed medical records across multiple institutions and the necessity of linking domestic public medical entities for efficient data sharing. This study explores MyHealthWay, a Korean healthcare platform designed to facilitate the integration and transfer of medical data from various sources, examining its development, importance, and legal implications.

Methods

To evaluate the management status and utilization of MyHealthWay, we analyzed data types, security, legal issues, domestic versus international issues, and infrastructure. Additionally, we discussed challenges such as resource and infrastructure constraints, regulatory hurdles, and future considerations for data management.

Results

The secure sharing of medical information via MyHealthWay can reduce the distance between patients and healthcare facilities, fostering personalized care and self-management of health. However, this approach faces legal challenges, particularly relating to data standardization and access to personal health information. Legal challenges in data standardization and access, particularly for secondary uses such as research, necessitate improved regulations. There is a crucial need for detailed governmental guidelines and clear data ownership standards at institutional levels.

Conclusions

This report highlights the role of Korea's MyHealthWay, which was launched in 2023, in transforming healthcare through systematic data integration. Challenges include data privacy and legal complexities, and there is a need for data standardization and individual empowerment in health data management within a systematic medical big data framework.

Keywords: Personal Health Records, Health Information Systems, Medical Records, Big Data, Electronic Health Records

I. Introduction

Medical treatment approaches are increasingly data-driven, utilizing a variety of medical data collected from individual patients through diverse tests, medical examinations, and history-taking. Data-driven care not only facilitates precise treatment, but also increases the survival rate and improves quality of life by enabling the early prediction of diseases [ 1, 2]. In medicine, the term "data" typically refers to information generated during an individual's medical treatment, including medical and nursing records, diagnoses, test names and results, medication usage, surgical procedures, and imaging and genomic information [ 3]. Historically, the scope of medical data was confined to data obtained through treatment within medical institutions. However, there has been a significant expansion in their scope recently, driven by increased societal interest in health, a greater understanding of health issues, and the advent of concepts such as smart healthcare [ 4]. Medical data now include not only traditional records of specific disease treatments and changes in medical institutions but also personal health-related data such as food photo logs, vital signs, and daily step counts. This shift has been characterized by the innovative use of medical data, leading to improvements in the quality and efficiency of medical services, the implementation of patient-centered care, and an effective response to the rising number of patients with chronic diseases in an aging society. In summary, while medical data in the past were primarily generated through direct patient-doctor interactions in hospitals, they now broadly encompass all health-related data [ 5].

In addition, the growing role of advanced digital technology and regular preventive healthcare based on personal medical data is evident. Consequently, interest in the use of personal health information is on the rise [ 6]. With the introduction of MyData, a concept that consolidates scattered personal information into a single system managed by the data provider, individuals can now actively utilize and share their personal information with desired services [ 5]. This approach, when applied to healthcare, is referred to as medical MyData.

In today's society, it is rare for individuals to receive medical services from only one institution throughout their lives. If an individual's medical history can be tracked without the constraints of physical location and time, it becomes feasible to provide accurate, personalized treatments and more convenient medical service delivery [ 7]. The right to self-determine medical MyData ensures that individuals, as data providers, have the authority to make decisions about their data. This right allows for medical data derived from an individual to be made available in a usable form to third parties, but only with the individual's consent [ 8]. It includes the right to decide on data usage and the right to data portability, which encompasses the ability to request data transfers. Having control over one's medical data empowers individuals to directly manage and process their information. This shift has led to a new paradigm where the focus of data utilization has moved from public institutions and companies to individuals [ 9]. In essence, managing personal health and improving quality of life by relying solely on medical records from a single medical institution has its limitations. Addressing these challenges requires a connection between national and public medical institutions and related public entities, as well as the organic sharing and management of medical data [ 10].

MyHealthWay is a national system designed to manage and utilize personal health records (PHRs). It integrates data from medical devices, public health information, and scattered medical records from various medical institutions, serving as a key infrastructure for implementing MyData. MyHealthWay functions as an information relay system that facilitates the easy provision of PHRs in an integrated and standardized form, allowing individuals to share them as they choose. This study explores the emergence, role, current status, and legal issues associated with MyHealthWay, a Korean healthcare platform that enables the seamless relay of medical data from multiple institutions. Through MyHealthWay, a comprehensive dataset that includes medical records from various individuals and information from related public institutions is made available. The platform provides access to medical records, such as medical checkups and drug prescription information, to MyData service institutions. It ensures the safe and reliable transmission of patients' medical data using advanced technology and strict security policies. Additionally, the security of patient data is prioritized by regular improvements of its security systems and initiatives to promote transparent data management.

II. MyHealthWay

MyHealthWay is a platform built on the concept of medical MyData. It enables individuals to share their health information with medical professionals or institutions at their own discretion, based on their consent. This capability of sharing enables personalized precision care and assists individuals in overcoming the barriers to accessing medical care posed by physical distance. MyHealthWay increases the utility of medical data by facilitating the transmission of personal medical information, which aligns with its primary goal of serving as treatment data. The platform seamlessly integrates various individual medical records with information from relevant public institutions, creating a comprehensive dataset. These integrated data are essential for medical service providers to review an individual's medical history ( Figure 1).

Figure 1.

Schematic diagram of MyHealthWay. MyHealthWay, a data relay platform, constitutes a comprehensive dataset that includes medical records from various individuals and information from related public institutions. The platform provides medical records such as medical checkups and drug prescription information to MyData service institutions. This platform safely and reliably transmits patients' medical data using cutting-edge technology and rigorous security policies. Furthermore, the security of patient data is prioritized, with ongoing initiatives to strengthen its security systems and ensure transparent data management.

1. Sharing of Multi-Center Medical Data

Medical data have the potential to deliver social and economic benefits in research, system development, and personalized treatments [ 11]. Although the primary function of medical data relates to clinical applications, such as treatment and surgery, medical data also possess considerable secondary value in fields such as digital healthcare, research, and machine learning-based analysis. As a result, the extent of data sharing between medical institutions, and between individuals and these institutions, is on the rise [ 12, 13] ( Figure 2).

Figure 2.

Emergence and effects of health information highway platforms.

2. Data Linkage

Using the MyHealthWay platform, patients can directly consent to the use of their medical data. This facilitates the consolidation, viewing, storage, and transmission of medical data, which are often dispersed across various medical and public institutions, to a chosen location. This process upholds an individual's right to control their personal data. Previously, the information available through MyHealthWay was limited to medical diagnoses and dosage details from the past year, vaccination history over a lifetime, medical checkup data from the past 10 years, and life log data (such as steps and sleep time). However, as of September 2023, the Korean government has significantly expanded the network of medical data-providing institutions connected to the health information highway by incorporating 860 medical institutions nationwide. The expanded MyHealthWay network now includes data from nine tertiary general hospitals, 13 general hospitals, and 838 hospitals and clinics. The scope of the data provided has been broadened to include 113 items across 12 categories, such as diagnostic details, drug prescription information, diagnostic and pathology tests, and surgery details ( Figure 3). Consequently, individual patients can now easily access a broader range of personal health information at once, based on their consent. Additionally, medical doctors can access more comprehensive medical histories, including recent medical exams, diagnoses, and surgeries, along with the patient's diagnosis and dosage information.

Figure 3.

Expanded and changed scope of MyHealthWay. Previously, MyHealthWay provided information limited to medical diagnoses and dosage details from the past year, vaccination history throughout a patient's lifetime, medical checkup records from the past 10 years, and life log data such as steps taken and sleep duration. However, the scope of MyHealthWay has now been significantly expanded. The network now encompasses data from nine tertiary general hospitals, 13 general hospitals, and 838 hospitals and clinics. The range of data provided has also been broadened to include 113 items across 12 categories, which now cover diagnostic details, drug prescription information, diagnostic and pathology tests, and surgery details.

3. Data Security and Management

National-level security against information leaks and hacking for MyHealthWay, a medical data-sharing platform, is provided through a robust system managed by the National Information Resource Service. The platform and its users are protected by database encryption solutions that use unique keys for each entity and exclusive channels to block external access, thereby strengthening data security. Vulnerabilities in MyHealthWay's web services, apps, and infrastructure operations are continually evaluated, and it is maintained as a high-security system that has received partial Information Protection Management System (ISMS) certifications, covering physical, managerial, and technical aspects. Data-providing institutions protect against external access by using unique security channels for transferring data between electronic medical record (EMR) systems and Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) servers. Moreover, all data linkage processes utilize transport layer security (TLS) technology for network encryption. Data transmission and reception occur through hypertext transfer protocol secure (HTTPS) channels. To ensure the highest level of security, individual identifiers such as resident registration numbers and specialized medical data are safeguarded using both asymmetric and symmetric encryption methods. Access is further restricted by assigning designated unique Internet protocol (IP) addresses to the MyHealthWay platform and the participating institutions.

III. Case Comparison

This section systematically examines, compares, and validates the progress, introduction, and application of medical data sharing systems similar to MyHealthWay in various countries, highlighting a trend of progressive development in this sector. In the United States and Europe, medical MyData systems, which are based on advanced IT technology and utilize acquired personal medical information, are being actively established. These systems operate based on comprehensive consent and offer the option to opt-out. Furthermore, in Finland, the Act of Secondary Use of Personal Medical Data is being developed and made openly available to the public. In Hong Kong, personal medical information is accumulated in public institutions under the national health insurance system. We present international examples of state-led medical MyData models that operate for a similar purpose to MyHealthWay.

1. Republic of Korea

Since its pilot in 2022, which included 245 medical institutions, MyHealthWay expanded in September 2023 to over 600 additional institutions. This expansion has facilitated the integration of a broad spectrum of medical data from public sources, organized into 12 standardized categories such as health histories, prescriptions, diagnostics, and more. Users can access this data through the MyHealth Records app, which enables direct sharing of data with healthcare staff in a viewer format at healthcare facilities. MyHealthWay emphasizes interoperability and adheres to international standards such as FHIR and the Korean Core Data for Interoperability (KR CDI) system. The KR Core transmission standard promotes effective data exchange, while forthcoming guidelines for patient-generated health data (PGHD) are set to standardize major data initiatives and promote integration across healthcare projects.

2. The United State: Blue Button+

In 2010, the US Department of Veterans Affairs, in collaboration with the Insurance Agency and the Department of Defense, launched a system to access the medical information of retired military personnel. This system utilizes the American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) to convert records into electronic formats. In 2012, the Coordinator for Health Information Technology introduced Blue Button+, an expansion under the HITECH bill, to include general medical institutions and individuals. This expansion employs HL7 CDA standards for content and a certificate-based information protection ecosystem [ 14].

In 2013, under the 21st Century Cures Act, the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services broadened its services to include PHR services for individuals, utilizing Medicaid and Medicare claims data. These PHR services enable individuals to access comprehensive medical information, including previous prescriptions, treatments, and procedures, via Medicaid and Medicare billing data. This enhancement facilitates data sharing with new healthcare providers, aims to reduce redundant testing, and improves the continuity of care, all while complying with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). The objective is to encourage the voluntary sharing of medical data by improving external access standards for personal medical data and strengthening rights to personal medical data ownership. This system permits the sharing of medical data, such as prescription histories and test results, with family, medical professionals, and hospitals, which is particularly beneficial in the context of new treatments or different doctors by preventing redundant tests and reducing costs [ 15].

Currently, over 17,000 medical institutions are participating in this data-sharing system, which has also expanded to include government agencies and the private sector. This expansion is standardizing data formats to improve the exchange of medical data and facilitate the use of third-party applications with individual consent. This system actively supports personal health management by leveraging a variety of information shared through the system, including medications taken, allergy information, treatment details from hospitals and doctors, health insurance claim data, and blood test results.

3. Hong Kong: Electronic Health Record Sharing System (eHRS)

This system, which was developed in 2016, facilitates the sharing of medical data between public and private medical institutions. It provides a comprehensive range of data, including personal identifiers, demographic information, allergy and drug side effects, diagnostic procedures and medications, hospital appointments, clinical records and summaries, birth and vaccination records, blood and imaging results, other reports, and customized medical recommendations. To ensure privacy, the system uses cryptographic storage for all medical data, maintains detailed system access history records, and imposes restrictions on data downloads. It is designed to permit downloads following appropriate procedures, support seamless patient treatment, and assist in clinical decision-making. Medical professionals can access patient information for legitimate purposes, such as previsit preparation or follow-up management after treatment. The system offers two types of consent for the provision and sharing of information: indefinite consent, which remains valid until the patient withdraws or cancels it, and 1-year consent, which includes the option for immediate withdrawal 1 year after giving consent. This approach ensures informed decision-making in the sharing and provision of personal information.

4. Finland: MyKanta

MyKanta integrates social security services by extracting personal health and prescription data, allowing users to access their medical records, examination results, and welfare service data. The platform ensures data accessibility and transparency by recording separate access logs for each user, managing information about every user accessing the data and their individual access records [ 16, 17]. In 2019, Finland navigated the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) by establishing its own legislation, the "Law on Secondary Use of Health and Welfare Data," which permits the controlled use of healthcare data. This legislation has enabled public research institutes, universities, companies, and local governments to utilize healthcare data for health promotion and management. On October 25, 2023, a new version of the platform was released that simplifies prescription renewal requests and incorporates management of life-sustaining medical rights and post-organ donation records, safeguarding individuals' rights to their health data.

5. EU: European Health Data Space

The European Health Data Space (EHDS), established in 2022, enables individuals to manage their medical data and facilitates data sharing among healthcare professionals, researchers, industries, and policymakers. It adheres to GDPR for data protection, the Data Governance Act to promote data sharing, and the Network Information Service regulation to ensure system and data security. The EHDS is planned to incorporate the Cyber Resilience Act for cyber-security in hardware and software, with the goal of establishing a robust data system by 2025. It plans to utilize medical data from approximately 450 million EU residents for cross-border healthcare and research [ 18]. The economic benefits derived from personal health data include primary uses such as improving telemedicine and reducing healthcare costs, as well as secondary uses in research, analysis, and the formulation of public health policies. The EU is committed to empowering individuals with control over their medical data, thereby strengthening self-determination in healthcare and advancing medical services and treatments [ 19].

IV. Challenges and Recommendations

1. Data Management

Currently, MyHealthWay is managed by several key organizations. The Ministry of Health and Welfare plays a pivotal role in the implementation of health services, responsible for establishing the legal foundations for MyHealthWay, formulating policies, developing operational strategies and guidelines, and providing budgetary support. It sets objectives, monitors outcomes, and performs strategic analyses in healthcare. The Korea Health Industry Development Institute plays a crucial role in the research and development aspects of MyHealthWay. It enacts related legislation, develops evaluation guidelines for organizations, promotes the nationwide utilization of services, and supports the commercialization of the healthcare industry. The Korea Health Information Service is responsible for planning and executing health service construction projects. It manages communications among stakeholders, coordinates and supports MyHealthWay service programs, and maintains and develops the technological infrastructure. Additionally, it provides backup and support for information systems. To maximize MyHealthWay's impact on the healthcare ecosystem, foster collaboration with related organizations, stakeholders, and medical institutions, and manage further data expansion, it is advisable to either establish a dedicated organization or strengthen ties with existing ministry-affiliated institutions. This strategy would ensure systematic data management and support the sustained growth of MyHealthWay.

2. Data Standardization

Integrating health and medical data sharing involves significant costs, time, and active collaboration among healthcare institutions [ 20]. Although state-led investment is crucial from a public-interest perspective, relying solely on government funding may not be adequate in all areas [ 21]. Depending solely on initial national investment without compensation mechanisms can result in only short-term benefits, as medical institutions might not immediately recognize the advantages of data quality management and standardization. Over the long term, it is essential to foster an environment where sustainable business models utilizing healthcare data can be developed. Moreover, when involving multiple institutions and individuals, it is critical to prioritize consent and trust in the handling of personal data. While individuals benefit from overseeing and managing their information, the risk of personal data breaches remains a significant concern. It is advisable to evaluate potential barriers to accessing, exchanging, or using electronic health information, rather than indiscriminately using individual medical data. Implementing national measures against illegal activities, such as imposing restrictions on research participation and data use, can bolster user confidence and security.

1) Standardization plans and models

Standardization efforts are underway, including a certification system for EMRs, which would be essential for MyHealthWay. However, clinical trial data in South Korea face challenges due to the absence of a standardized model, unlike the United States, which adheres to Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium standards for clinical trials. The United States also utilizes the Biomedical Research Integrated Domain Group model for interoperability, integrating general care data (HL7 FHIR) and clinical trial data, which facilitates data exchange and mapping. This complexity can escalate when considering data integration in daily life, where different formats and standards may exist, leading to diverse challenges in data integration and standardization. Detailed standard specifications for correlating and exchanging personal health records using MyHealthWay have been established. However, these specifications, while addressing general medical institutional characteristics, may not fully meet the specific needs of specialized treatment fields. Therefore, it is anticipated that future efforts will be required to develop detailed specifications tailored to each specialized field, ensuring that all relevant data can be effectively standardized. To improve data quality management and ensure data reliability and validity, comprehensive periodic management practices are necessary. While rapid data collection is leading to a quantitative expansion of medical data, ensuring high-quality and beneficial data necessitates adherence to a step-by-step manual aligned with established guidelines. This manual should cover the entire lifecycle of data, including its generation, secure storage and extraction, use, and disposal. Additionally, the EMR of various medical institutions needs to be aligned with the specific FHIR standards.

To address these challenges and streamline future multi-center data collection, the HL7 Korea FHIR KR Core Implementation Guide should be systematically and efficiently incorporated into the interoperability criteria of the EMR certification standards. Additionally, electronic data standardization is recommended to include attempts and efforts related to Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) and Korean Standard Terminology of Medicine (KOSTOM). SNOMED CT is a comprehensive, multilingual clinical healthcare terminology that provides a standardized language enabling consistent capturing, sharing, and aggregating of health data across specialties and sites of care. It facilitates the effective exchange of health information among different health systems and IT applications, covers a broad range of clinical specialties, allows detailed representation of patient data, supports a wide array of clinical content, and can represent complex concepts specific to healthcare. However, its extensive scope and depth make it complex to implement, require significant training, and necessitate ongoing updates and management to keep up with medical advancements, which can be resource-intensive. KOSTOM is a localized clinical terminology and extension of SNOMED CT adapted for use in Korea. It is tailored to meet the specific needs of the Korean healthcare system, including integration of traditional medicine, works in conjunction with international standards like SNOMED CT, improving interoperability while maintaining local relevance, and addresses both Western and traditional Korean medical practices, promoting comprehensive healthcare service. However, it has limitations as it is primarily focused on the Korean context, which may limit its use in international settings, is primarily in Korean, posing challenges for non-Korean speakers, and limiting its broader adoption. Integrating traditional and Western medical terminologies presents unique challenges and complexities. This approach will help to ensure that data from diverse medical institutions adhere to standardized procedures and formats. Clear standardization guidelines are vital for maintaining data quality and consistency. High-quality data, secured through effective data quality management and improvement efforts, can significantly increase data utilization and improve the overall quality.

3. Legal and Ethical Issues

1) Ethical issues following the revision of the Personal Information Protection Act

Both legal and ethical issues must be considered when handling sensitive personal medical information in digital healthcare [ 22]. It is crucial to be aware of the ethical implications and potential risks associated with the commercialization of medical data for both individual and corporate profits. To address these concerns, robust ethical guidelines must be established to govern the use, sharing, consent, responsible data stewardship, and protection of sensitive medical information. Additionally, oversight and supervision mechanisms should be implemented to ensure adherence to these ethical standards. Stakeholders, including government agencies, healthcare institutions, technology providers, and the public, should collaborate to create a framework that promotes responsible data usage while protecting individuals' rights and interests.

2) Differences in perspectives regarding the third-party provision of medical data

Relevant institutions and organizations have different perspectives regarding the third-party provision of medical data, and the sharing, utilization, and linkage of sensitive personal medical information [ 23]. Medical institutions and organizations have expressed concerns about the third-party provision of medical data from individual patients, including potential gaps in the management and supervision of sensitive medical information, information leakage, potential commercial transactions, and legal disputes. The recently revised request for Personal Information Transmission of the Personal Information Protection Act in 2023 established the right of data subjects to request personal information management agencies to transmit their personal information to a third party. The personal information that a data subject can request to be transmitted is limited to information processed by devices such as computers. Information created by analyzing and processing personal information collected by the data processor is not subject to the right to request transmission and is excluded. Upon receiving a request for transmission, the data processor is obligated to transmit the information within a reasonable range of time, cost, and technology. They may refuse the request or suspend transmission if the identity of the data subject cannot be verified. Furthermore, the revised law specifies that exercising the right to request the transmission of personal information must not infringe on the rights or legitimate interests of others. This right constitutes a foundational element for expanding the MyData business beyond the financial and public sectors to other industrial sectors, and growth is anticipated in related industries following this revision. However, since detailed regulations are deferred to the Enforcement Decree, it is necessary to continue monitoring related discussions.

It has also been argued that the right to transmit personal information, as stipulated in the Personal Information Protection Act, contradicts the objectives of the Medical Law, which prioritizes medical information protection, as it allows the transmission of all medical records upon the request of individual patients. Simultaneously, concerns have arisen regarding practical issues, such as the potential increase in administrative tasks resulting from data transmission and the storage and management of medical records. Finally, third-party involvement in the transmission and management of patients' medical records may undermine the objectives of the Personal Information Protection Act [ 24]. For medical consumers who are data subjects, a system capable of mandating a confirmation of third-party transmission history, interrupting transmission, and destroying data destruction should be established to strengthen individual sovereignty over medical information [ 25]. Systematic improvement measures are necessary to adequately inform individuals about the purpose of data collection, usage methods, and third-party provisions to prevent the commercialization of personal information and ensure individuals' right to know. The Ministry of Health and Welfare has emphasized that such a system could increase public satisfaction and play a significant role in enabling individuals to directly access and manage their medical data, medications, treatment, and examination records through dedicated applications [ 24].

3) Personal consent stability and reliability

In situations where the stability and reliability of personal consent are in conflict, the public benefit derived from the use of personal information must be weighed against the risk of data breaches [ 26]. In the realm of large-scale medical big data collection and linkage, individuals are typically notified individually and asked for their consent to use their data. However, this often results in data subjects not fully understanding how their personal medical information is being processed. While there are benefits to various forms of information collection and provision, the authenticity of consent has become a significant concern due to the complexity of the consent items [ 22]. In the context of big data, the volume of data and the policies governing its processing that require consent from information providers are continually increasing. This expansion has led to a growing information gap between personal information controllers and subjects. This complexity is particularly evident in everyday life, where data use and linkage agreements are presented to individuals [ 27]. Furthermore, personal consent often serves more as a criterion for deciding whether to use a service rather than as a means to make an informed choice about how one's data are processed [ 28]. Therefore, there is a need to highlight the key points and provide summaries within the existing narrative to improve users' understanding of the provision and utilization of personal medical data [ 29].

V. Discussion

This report examines the emergence of medical MyData and the official introduction of the MyHealthWay platform service in Korea in 2023. It explores MyHealthWay's operational status and its linkage structure, both within Korea and on an international scale, while also discussing its legal and ethical dimensions. MyHealthWay's system is in line with global trends and aims for progressive changes informed by its status abroad. In the future, this system is anticipated to make significant contributions to national interests and public health by continuing to improve treatment, personal health, and information management.

Acknowledgments

This research is partly based on the KOSMI Issue Report (2023), which was supported by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea. In addition, this research was supported by the Ministry of Science and ICT, Korea, under the Innovative Human Resource Development for Local Intellectualization support program (No. IITP-2023-RS-2023-00260267) supervised by the Institute for Information & communications Technology Promotion (IITP) and supported by a grant of the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI), funded by the Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (No. HI23C0733).

Footnotes

Conflict of Interest

No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

References

12. Choi J, Park H, Chie EK, Choi SW, Lee HY, Yoo S, et al. Current status and key issues of data management in tertiary hospitals: a case study of Seoul National University Hospital. Healthc Inform Res. 2023;29(3):209-17. doi: 10.4258/hir.2023.29.3.209. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Healthcare Informatics Research are provided here courtesy of Korean Society of Medical Informatics

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Status of MyHealthWay and Suggestions for Widespread Implementation, Emphasizing the Utilization and Practical Use of Personal Medical Data

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In the Fourth Industrial Revolution, there is a focus on managing diverse medical data to improve healthcare and prevent disease. The challenges include tracking detailed medical records across multiple institutions and the necessity of linking ...

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CureApp SC — terapia digital prescrita para cesación tabáquica (Prescription DTx)

Qué es: una aplicación de terapia digital prescrita (digital therapeutic) que apoya la cesación del tabaquismo (incluye componente para medir CO, seguimiento entre visitas).

Impacto: fue la primera DTx aprobada y reembolsada por el sistema público japonés (implementación y reembolso desde 2020), lo que marca un hito en la adopción de DTx en Japón y facilita su uso clínico rutinario.

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Re-evolving "therapeutics"
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We strive for the ideal of medical care, a world where all people can receive high-quality treatment without worry. Evolving treatment with the power of technology, we will solve the social issues surrounding healthcare and realize ideal medical care.

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Esta plataforma de MyHealthway permite a pacientes ver y descargar sus registros de salud desde distintos hospitales, en formato estandarizado. Incluye datos como resultados de pruebas, informes de cirugía, patología, etc.

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Río de Janeiro, Estado de Río de Janeiro, Brasil

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Río de Janeiro, Estado de Río de Janeiro, Brasil

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Río de Janeiro, Estado de Río de Janeiro, Brasil

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La aplicación Meu SUS Digital apoya la medicina al ser una plataforma digital que permite a los ciudadanos brasileños acceder y gestionar su información de salud de manera fácil y segura. Facilita el seguimiento del historial clínico, resultados de exámenes, datos de vacunación, medicamentos dispensados, y la posición en listas de espera para trasplantes, entre otros servicios. Además, ofrece emisión de documentos y certificados como el Certificado de Vacunación, y permite localizar servicios de salud cercanos, contribuyendo a la continuidad del cuidado y al empoderamiento del paciente sobre su propia salud.

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O Meu SUS Digital, antigo Conecte SUS, é uma solução de Saúde Digital que visa facilitar o acesso às informações em saúde, promovendo a continuidade do cuidado, a transparência e a segurança dos dados. O aplicativo possibilita aos cidadãos brasileiros o acesso às suas informações de saúde, bem como a de seus familiares.

O usuário pode acompanhar seu histórico clínico, os dados de vacinação, resultados de exames, medicações, posição na fila de transplante, entre outros serviços a fim de efetivar a informatização da atenção à saúde por meio da inovação e transformação digital.

O Meu SUS Digital está disponível nas versões Web e em aplicativo iOS e Android e é abastecido pelas informações disponíveis na Rede Nacional de Dados em Saúde (RNDS), o qual envia e recebe as informações de saúde de forma segura, íntegra e auditável.

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O Meu SUS Digital, antigo Conecte SUS, é uma solução de Saúde Digital que visa facilitar o acesso às informações em saúde, promovendo a continuidade do cuidado, a transparência e a segurança dos dados. O aplicativo possibilita aos cidadãos brasileiros o acesso às suas informações de saúde, bem como a de seus familiares.

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My HealthWay es una plataforma digital desarrollada por el gobierno de Corea del Sur que permite a los ciudadanos acceder, gestionar y compartir su historial médico de forma centralizada y segura. Su objetivo es mejorar la continuidad del cuidado médico, facilitar el intercambio de información entre hospitales y empoderar a los pacientes al darles control sobre sus datos de salud. Ha tenido un gran impacto en la eficiencia del sistema sanitario, reduciendo costos, evitando duplicación de estudios y apoyando la medicina personalizada y la telemedicina. Esta herramienta ha sido clave especialmente durante la pandemia, al permitir un manejo más efectivo de la información clínica.

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EMR, EHR y PHR ➤ Herramientas Digitales para Registros Médicos - Mental Test Lab

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EMR, EHR y PHR: Herramientas Digitales para Registros Médicos, diferencias y beneficios. ¡Empieza a mejorar la eficiencia y precisión en la atención hoy mismo!Puntos Importantes Los avances tecnológicos en salud han revolucionado la gestión de registros médicos. Con EMR, EHR y PHR, se mejora la eficiencia y precisión de los datos clínicos. Estas herramientas optimizan procesos, mejoran la coordinación entre proveedores y garantizan acceso seguro a la información del paciente. Reduciendo la dependencia del papel, minimizando errores y

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App colombiana que permite al usuario solicitar atención médica a domicilio, en consultorio o en línea, sin necesidad de afiliación previa.

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Meddbase sirve como una solución integral y segura de software en la nube para la gestión de la atención médica, permitiendo a los profesionales sanitarios administrar y optimizar el funcionamiento de sus consultorios y organizaciones de salud. Ayuda a mejorar la eficiencia operativa y la atención al paciente mediante la automatización de procesos como la gestión de citas, la facturación, el almacenamiento de historiales clínicos y las comunicaciones, todo en una plataforma integrada y segura.

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Best Electronic Health Records Software | Meddbase 2025

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A secure electronic health records software (EHR Software) with hundreds of features needed to improve patient health.

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Meu SUS Digital es la aplicación y portal oficial del Ministerio de Salud de Brasil. Sirve para consultar el historial de vacunación, resultados de exámenes y atenciones médicas dentro del Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), además de emitir certificados digitales de salud.

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Plataforma que ofrece consultas médicas online, referidos hospitalarios, citas, gestión de salud, farmacia, etc. Se puede usar desde navegador web además de app móvil.

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El Australian Centre for Disease Control es una institución en desarrollo cuyo objetivo es fortalecer la respuesta de Australia frente a emergencias sanitarias y enfermedades transmisibles.

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Safeguarding Australia from human diseases and public health threats.

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Facilitan consultas médicas a distancia mediante videollamadas, lo que creció mucho durante la pandemia de COVID-19 y sigue vigente para zonas rurales y seguimiento de pacientes crónicos.

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Hospitales como el de Bellvitge ya tienen varios robots quirúrgicos para intervenciones mínimamente invasivas (por ejemplo, el robot Versius) que permiten mayor precisión, menos trauma para el paciente, recuperación más rápida.

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Bellvitge se convierte en uno de los primeros hospitales de España con cuatro robots quirúrgicos

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Es el sistema nacional de historia clínica personal de Turquía, administrado por el Ministerio de Salud. Permite a los ciudadanos acceder, consultar y gestionar sus datos de salud digitales, resultados de pruebas, historial médico, etc. Wikipedia+2PMC+2
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Third prize winner in category Digital Transformation in EPSA 2023-24 Context The digitalisation in healthcare services has become a widely prevalent global trend with the increase in technological developments. Main factors influencing this trend include ageing, childhood diseases and deaths, epidemics, high costs, migration and the negative effects of poverty on access to healthcare services. Having…

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1. Historia Clínica Compartida (HCC): Una plataforma digital que integra la información clínica y administrativa de pacientes a nivel nacional, permitiendo una visión holística y mejor comunicación entre prestadores de salud.

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 Desde la implementación del Hospital Digital en 2019, nuestro país ha mostrado
avances sistemáticos en el uso de plataformas para ofrecer telemedicina, integrar
bases de datos de pacientes y acercar la atención a zonas rurales
 "Chile es un referente regional en salud digital gracias a sus avances normativos y
tecnológicos", explica María José Gamboa, Líder Clínica en Salud Digital de
Minsait ConoSur.

Santiago, julio de 2025.- Con el invierno aun golpeando fuerte en gran parte del país,
Chile enfrenta el desafío de las enfermedades respiratorias estacionales con una doble
estrategia: fortalecer la vacunación y aprovechar el poder de la tecnología. Bajo este
nuevo paradigma, la salud digital ha pasado de ser un complemento para transformarse
en un pilar fundamental del sistema sanitario chileno.
"Hoy más que nunca, necesitamos combinar prevención con innovación. La salud digital
es una gran aliada para anticiparnos, monitorear y cuidar mejor a nuestras comunidades
frente a los desafíos de morbimortalidad", sostiene la Dra. María José Gamboa, Líder
Clínica en Salud Digital de Minsait ConoSur, empresa de transformación digital con
presencia en más de 140 países.
Desde la implementación del Hospital Digital en 2019, Chile ha mostrado avances
sistemáticos en el uso de plataformas para ofrecer telemedicina, integrar bases de datos
de pacientes y acercar la atención a zonas rurales. Hoy, ese ecosistema se expande con
nuevos desarrollos como la Historia Clínica Compartida (HCC), que busca integrar la
información clínica y administrativa de cada persona en un solo registro interoperable a
nivel nacional.

Chile: referente regional en salud digital
Para los expertos, la salud digital permite no solo mejorar procesos y agilizar atenciones y
procedimientos que son útiles cuando el sistema convencional puede estar saturado, sino
también, otorgar acceso a la salud a personas que puedan estar más aisladas en zonas
de difícil acceso, cuya complejidad de acceder a un centro asistencial para una consulta
puede terminar siendo un problema. "El contar con acceso a internet, ya es un primer gran
paso que ayuda a las personas a la posibilidad de atenderse sin salir de sus casas, sin
dejar de lado que también es necesario recursos adicionales como adherir tecnología
basada en estándares internacionales específicos para salud", explica Gamboa.

La profesional destaca que nuestro país es referente en el continente sobre esto,
principalmente por "tener soluciones innovadoras, desde el avance que ha tenido el
Hospital Digital incrementando sus especialidades, incluyendo de manera muy eficiente la
telemedicina con dos modalidades: sincrónica y asincrónica. Además, en cuanto a la
normativa, la ley de interoperabilidad ha ayudado mucho a que se le considere un
referente al respecto".
Por cierto, uno de los pilares actuales es la transformación del Portal Paciente del
Ministerio de Salud en una aplicación móvil, lo que permitirá a cada persona acceder
desde su celular a sus antecedentes clínicos, vacunas, recetas e incluso alertas
personalizadas. "El objetivo es empoderar al paciente y hacer que participe activamente
en su salud. Que pueda ver su historial, tomar decisiones más informadas y evitar
consultas innecesarias", comenta Gamboa.
Avances con impacto concreto
Los beneficios del modelo de salud digital ya se sienten en distintos niveles del sistema:

Zonas rurales: permiten que pacientes accedan a especialistas sin tener que viajar
cientos de kilómetros.

Adultos mayores o personas con enfermedades crónicas: se implementan
soluciones de monitoreo remoto, como dispositivos que alertan sobre cambios en
signos vitales.

Equipos de salud: cuentan con información más integrada para tomar decisiones
clínicas en menos tiempo y con mayor seguridad.
Estas soluciones han sido respaldadas por iniciativas del propio Ministerio de Salud, como
el Plan Nacional de Salud Digital 2020-2030, que establece metas de interoperabilidad,
eficiencia y atención centrada en el usuario. Además, Chile participa activamente en la
Red de Salud Digital de las Américas (PAHO/OPS), colaborando en estándares
internacionales y buenas prácticas.
Desafíos pendientes: ciberseguridad y cambio cultural
Sin embargo, el camino no está exento de desafíos. Uno de los principales es la
ciberseguridad. Con cada nuevo sistema conectado a internet, aumentan también los
riesgos de vulnerabilidad. "La transformación digital debe ir de la mano de la protección de
datos sensibles. En Europa, el modelo del Centro Criptológico Nacional es una
inspiración. Chile necesita avanzar hacia un 'ciberescudo nacional' para resguardar la
información clínica de todos los ciudadanos", sostiene la experta de Minsait.
Otro obstáculo es el cambio cultural dentro del sistema de salud. "La tecnología no
reemplaza al personal de salud, sino que amplifica su capacidad. Hay que capacitar a los
equipos médicos para que lideren esta transformación y al mismo tiempo empoderar a los
pacientes", agrega.
Este punto es compartido por otros actores. Según el informe "Transformación Digital en
Salud en América Latina" (BID, 2024), más del 60% de los países de la región tienen

dificultades para incorporar herramientas digitales en la atención primaria debido a falta
de formación del personal y resistencia al cambio organizacional.
Lo que viene: un ecosistema predictivo e inclusivo
El objetivo futuro no es solo mantener plataformas activas, sino consolidar un ecosistema
inteligente, seguro e inclusivo. Desde Minsait y otras entidades tecnológicas se apunta a
una salud digital predictiva, capaz de:

Detectar brotes a través de datos en tiempo real

Personalizar tratamientos basados en la información clínica y genética

Automatizar procesos de gestión hospitalaria

Integrar la participación ciudadana en el monitoreo de riesgos
Chile avanza a paso firme hacia una nueva forma de entender la salud pública. Una
donde el paciente no solo espera ser atendido, sino que participa activamente en la
gestión de su bienestar. Una salud más cercana, preventiva y personalizada.
"Tenemos que dejar de ver la salud digital como una promesa de futuro. Ya es una
realidad que está salvando vidas, mejorando accesos y optimizando recursos. El desafío
ahora es escalarla, protegerla y hacerla parte de la cultura sanitaria del país", concluye
María José Gamboa.
"El objetivo principal de la inclusión de las diferentes tecnologías en los procesos clínicos
y administrativos es permitir al profesional contar con mayor tiempo en la atención del
paciente, esperando llegar a los objetivos mismos de la medicina es decir que sea
predictiva, preventiva, personalizada, participativa y no solo enfocada en el tratamiento de
la enfermedad", puntualiza la profesional de Minsait.

Fuente: wecomunicaciones.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Salud digital en Chile: cómo la tecnología está transformando el acceso y la prevención en el sistema público – MEDIABANCO Agencia de Noticias – Chile

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
 Desde la implementación del Hospital Digital en 2019, nuestro país ha mostradoavances sistemáticos en el uso de plataformas para ofrecer telemedicina, integrarbases de datos de pacientes y acercar la atención a zonas rurales “Chile es un referente regional en salud digital gracias a sus avances normativos ytecnológicos”, explica María José Gamboa, Líder Clínica en Salud Digital deMinsait ConoSur.

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Nanotecnologie-Suisse di Franco Pogliaghi, Via Giulia, Stabio, Suiza

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Nanotecnologie-Suisse di Franco Pogliaghi, Via Giulia, Stabio, Suiza

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Nanotecnologie-Suisse di Franco Pogliaghi, Via Giulia, Stabio, Suiza

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Suiza

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Discover why you should study a Master’s degree in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, your study options, the best universities, useful resources.

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Qué es: Es una plataforma de telemedicina no presencial, que permite consultas médicas remotas. Fue autorizada temporalmente durante la pandemia y ha tenido gran crecimiento. Korea Tech Desk+1

Impacto: Desde su lanzamiento en diciembre 2020, ha acumulado millones de usuarios. Facilita el acceso a servicios médicos sin desplazamientos, lo que es útil en zonas rurales, para personas mayores, o en situaciones de emergencia sanitaria.

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AI startup Upstage, Kakao Healthcare sign MOU to develop digital health care service | Yonhap News Agency

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SEOUL, Sept. 4 (Yonhap) -- Artificial intelligence (AI) startup Upstage said Wednesday it…

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davinci es una aplicación donde los cirujanos pueden operar con una visión 3D aumentada y movimientos muy finos que reducen riesgos en órganos delicados.

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Nanotecnologie-Suisse di Franco Pogliaghi, Via Giulia, Stabio, Suiza

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Nanotecnologie-Suisse di Franco Pogliaghi, Via Giulia, Stabio, Suiza

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Nanotecnologie-Suisse di Franco Pogliaghi, Via Giulia, Stabio, Suiza

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suiza

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1. Myna Health (マイナ健康保険証)

Vinculado a la tarjeta My Number (sistema nacional de identificación).

Permite acceder a tu historial médico, medicamentos y seguros en hospitales y farmacias.

Mejora la rapidez en la atención y reduce errores administrativos.

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健康保険証 | マイナポータル

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MEDTIS es un sistema de gestión de aprendizaje en línea (LMS) de vanguardia, diseñado para revolucionar la educación médica. Conecta a hospitales y universidades de medicina líderes en todo el mundo, brindando a estudiantes y profesionales de la salud un acceso sin precedentes a recursos y experiencia de primer nivel. MEDTIS ofrece un completo repositorio de contenido educativo, que incluye conferencias, casos prácticos, simulaciones interactivas y videos 360°, seleccionados por reconocidos expertos. Esta experiencia de aprendizaje inmersiva permite a los estudiantes profundizar su comprensión de los conceptos médicos y desarrollar habilidades clínicas esenciales.

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About MEDTIS

MEDTIS is a cutting-edge online learning management system (LMS) designed to revolutionize medical education. It connects leading hospitals and medical universities worldwide, providing students and healthcare professionals with unprecedented access to world-class resources and expertise. MEDTIS offers a comprehensive repository of educational content, including lectures, case studies, interactive simulations, and 360 videos, curated by renowned experts. This immersive learning experience allows students to deepen their understanding of medical concepts and develop essential clinical skills.

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About MEDTIS MEDTIS is a cutting-edge online learning management system (LMS) designed to revolutionize medical education. It connects leading hospitals and medical universities worldwide, providing students and healthcare professionals with unprecedented access to world-class resources and expertise. MEDTIS offers a comprehensive repository of educational content, including lectures, case studies, interactive simulations, and 360 videos, curated by renowned experts.

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Abstract

The World Health Organization (WHO) recently put forth a Global Strategy on Digital Health 2020-2025 with several countries having already achieved key milestones. We aimed to understand whether and how digital health technologies (DHTs) are absorbed in Africa, tracking Ethiopia as a key node. We conducted a systematic review, searching PubMed-MEDLINE, Embase, ScienceDirect, African Journals Online, Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform databases from inception to 02 February 2021 for studies of any design that investigated the potential of DHTs in clinical or public health practices in Ethiopia. This review was registered with PROSPERO ( CRD42021240645) and it was designed to inform our ongoing DHT-enabled randomized controlled trial (RCT) (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04216420). We found 27,493 potentially relevant citations, among which 52 studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising a total of 596,128 patients, healthy individuals, and healthcare professionals. The studies involved six DHTs: mHealth (29 studies, 574,649 participants); electronic health records (13 studies, 4534 participants); telemedicine (4 studies, 465 participants); cloud-based application (2 studies, 2382 participants); information communication technology (3 studies, 681 participants), and artificial intelligence (1 study, 13,417 participants). The studies targeted six health conditions: maternal and child health (15), infectious diseases (14), non-communicable diseases (3), dermatitis (1), surgery (4), and general health conditions (15). The outcomes of interest were feasibility, usability, willingness or readiness, effectiveness, quality improvement, and knowledge or attitude toward DHTs. Five studies involved RCTs. The analysis showed that although DHTs are a relatively recent phenomenon in Ethiopia, their potential harnessing clinical and public health practices are highly visible. Their adoption and implementation in full capacity require more training, access to better devices such as smartphones, and infrastructure. DHTs hold much promise tackling major clinical and public health backlogs and strengthening the healthcare ecosystem in Ethiopia. More RCTs are needed on emerging DHTs including artificial intelligence, big data, cloud, cybersecurity, telemedicine, and wearable devices to provide robust evidence of their potential use in such settings and to materialize the WHO's Global Strategy on Digital Health.

Subject terms: Health policy, Translational research

Introduction

Health technology innovations are transforming the discovery, development, and delivery of health products and services1-4 and significantly changing the way health conditions are diagnosed, treated, and prevented5,6. These innovations are building a sustainable foundation for affordable, accessible, and high-quality medicines, vaccines, medical devices, and system innovations, pursuing novel solutions, entrepreneurial ventures, and public sector efforts to the most challenging health problems7,8. Digital health technologies (DHTs)9-21, pharmacoginomics22,23, and process innovations24-27 are rapidly emerging as promising health interventions. More innovations are expected to emerge as healthcare demand and spending rise28,29. Nevertheless, many of these breakthroughs have not reached the healthcare providers and the people most in need to tackle the rising burden of diseases30-32. People living in low-income countries, such as many countries in Africa, are at high risk of many health conditions compared to those living in other regions, while having the most limited access to health innovations30,33. Africa has the greatest healthcare challenges in the world: life expectancy is 60 years, substantially lower than the global average of 72 years; maternal mortality ratio is 547 per 100,000, but 13 in high-income countries and 216 globally; under 5 mortality is 76 per 1000, but 5 in high-income countries and 39 globally34,35. While there were 1098 researchers per million inhabitants globally, the corresponding figure for Africa was 87.9 per million35. Africa lags in the capacities for health technology innovations, while it bears 23% of the global disease burden and 16% of the world population, with the continent expected to double its population by 2050, from 1 billion to nearly 2.4 billion36-40.

Without urgent technological, industrial, intellectual, and research-oriented health interventions, Africa cannot tackle the needs and demands of its population. If health technology innovations are needed to transform health system gaps in Africa, it is important to generate country-specific evidence to identify challenges and opportunities in the region as potential resources for further interventions. The World Health Organization (WHO) embraced a more proactive stance in this regard. In 2020, the WHO developed a global strategy on digital health for 2020-202541. The vision of the strategy was to improve health for everyone, everywhere by accelerating the development and adoption of appropriate, accessible, affordable, scalable, and sustainable person-centric digital health solutions to prevent, detect and respond to epidemics and pandemics, developing infrastructure and applications that enable countries to use data to promote health and wellbeing, and to achieve the health-related United Nations's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Through its Africa office, the WHO Regional Office for Africa (WHO-AFRO), the WHO designed the health technologies and innovations program to guide the assessments, development, ethics, use, and monitoring of national health technology strategies, with a broader aim of improving access, quality, and rational use of health innovations, including medicines, medical products, and technologies42. Similarly, in 2019, the WHO developed a guideline that established recommendations on DHTs for health systems.

This study is in support of the WHO's DHT initiatives. We focused on Ethiopia, the fastest growing economy in Africa per the 2019 World Bank report43, and the second most populated country, with more than 117 million people in 2021. Ethiopia aims to reach lower-middle-income status by 2025, with strong commitment and dedication to achieve the SDGs by 2030. The Ethiopian Ministry of Health (MOH) recently, on 06 August 2020, launched a Digital Health Innovation and Learning Center, the first of its kind, where experts can design and validate digital health tools, synthesize and promote best practices, and scale-up innovations44. As of 30 April 2021, there were 54.7 million total telecommunication subscribers in the country45. Mobile voice subscribers reached 52.8 million, data and internet users 25 million, fixed broadband subscribers 349,000 and fixed service subscribers 923,000. The telecom population and geographic coverage reached 95% and 85.4%, respectively and the density reached 50%45. On 22 May 2021, the Ethiopian government awarded a new nationwide telecom license to the Safaricom-led consortium that includes its parent firms Vodafone and Vodacom, British development finance agency CDC Group and Japan's Sumitomo Corporation after submitting a financial bid offering US$850 million46. The Consortia is expected to invest over $8 billion and create jobs for US$1.5 million citizens. The Ethiopian Health Sector Transformation Plan recognizes the need for improving digital health infrastructure to facilitate equitable access to quality healthcare for all Ethiopians47. A systematic review of digital health technology-enabled research in Ethiopia has not been synthesized to inform debates and decisions.

Thus, we aimed to investigate whether and how digital health technologies (DHTs) are absorbed in Africa, tracking Ethiopia as a key node, through a systematic review of available studies.

Results

Characteristics of included studies

Study selection: From the 27,493 articles screened, 2397 duplicates were removed and 24,863 were excluded based on the title or abstract. The rest of 233 full-text articles were screened for eligibility, of which 181 were excluded for being irrelevant to the main subject (144) or focused on non-health conditions (37). Fifty-two (52) studies were identified that met the inclusion criteria. Figure 1 summarizes the PRISMA flowchart of the study.

Fig. 1. PRISMA flow diagram of the study.

PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) flow diagram of included studies.

Participants: The 52 included studies had a total of 596,128 study participants. The health conditions studied were maternal and child health, including antenatal care, postnatal care, infant feeding, contraceptives, and delivery ( n = 15), infectious diseases including TB, HIV, malaria, lymphatic filariasis, and onchocerciasis ( n = 14), non-communicable diseases including diabetes and cancer ( n = 3), dermatitis ( n = 1), surgery ( n  = 4), and the remaining 15 had general health conditions.

Interventions: The included studies were involved six digital health domains: 29 on mobile health (mHealth) (574,649 participants); 13 on EHR (4534 participants); four on telemedicine (465 participants); two on Cloud usage (2382 participants); three on information and communication technology (ICT, 681 participants), and one on AI (13,417 participants). Our search did not find articles relevant to wearable devices, software as a medical device, computing sciences in big data, cybersecurity, wireless medical devices, and robotics.

Outcomes: The primary outcome variables were feasibility ( n = 12), usability ( n = 9), willingness or readiness to use ( n = 10), effectiveness ( n = 10), quality improvement ( n = 7), and knowledge or attitude about the DHT ( n  = 4). Some of the studies employed two or more of these outcomes.

Study type: The study designs were cross-sectional study ( n  = 41), RCT or non-randomized experimental (6), and cohort (5).

Study setting: All the studies were conducted in Ethiopia. Some of the studies were multi-country with a significant number of participants included from Ethiopia.

mHealth

There were 29 publications identified in the mHealth field48-76, involving a total of 574,649 study participants: 402,542 patients, 171,295 healthy individuals, and 812 healthcare professionals. The most common citations were on the potential use of mHealth for maternal, child, and reproductive health, covering 52% (15/29) of the citations, followed by infectious diseases, 48% (14/29). The publications were mainly cross-sectional, 69% (20/29), followed by RCT, 17% (5/29). The outcomes of interest were effectiveness ( n = 9), usability ( n = 5), feasibility ( n = 6), quality ( n = 4), willingness ( n = 4), and knowledge ( n = 1). Table 1 summarizes the characteristics of the included mHealth studies.

The studies had emerging insights into the potential use of mHealth to transform healthcare and improve access to services by addressing financial, social, or geographic factors, though the findings were not consistent. In a study that compared the cost-effectiveness of facility-based, stand-alone, and mobile-based HIV voluntary counseling and testing, the results revealed a cost-effective and improved VCT service with the use of mobile phones when compared with the two arms48. A study that assessed the potential of telephone calls to identify and follow-up post-surgery infections and total complications reported the telephone calls were feasible and valuable50. A similar study that assessed the potential of cell phones to follow-up patients after short-term surgical missions found the tool as cost-effective and reliable52. The use of SMS-based education was found to be a good option for improving the knowledge and awareness of parents regarding infant feeding49.

Several studies assessed the potential of using mHealth for family planning and maternal and child health services. One study reported that a high proportion of pregnant women in an antenatal care clinic had a mobile phone and were willing to receive an SMS text message-based mHealth intervention, though two-third of the participants lacked smartphones to upload some application software62. Locally customized mHealth applications during antenatal care significantly improved delivery and postnatal care service utilization through positively influencing the behavior of health workers and their clients71. Mobile phone reminders were effective in terms of enhancing adherence to postnatal care appointments, with the potential improving postnatal appointment adherence69. On the contrary, a retrospective analysis of demographic and health survey data reported that mobile phone ownership or receiving family planning information via SMS had no significant effect on improving contraceptive uptake51.

A study that assessed the potential of mHealth on antiretroviral (ART) services for people with HIV reported that the willingness of patients to receive SMS in support of medication reminders was not consistent, with 49% unwilling to receive the reminders73. Age, educational status, and previous experience using the internet had a significant association with their willingness73. A cross-sectional study of patients with diabetes showed that a high proportion of the patients had access to mobile phones and were willing to use them for medication reminders58.

Ten of the 29 included studies on mHealth had "healthcare professionals" as their target participants. Several of these studies revealed that mHealth had the potential to improve skills and competency of healthcare providers toward safe birth57, data quality and flow63, patient follow-up63, community-based tuberculosis and maternal health service delivery64, quality and cost-effective reporting of lymphatic filariasis, and podoconiosis data65, and timely and complete reporting of maternal health data67,70,74,76. Some healthcare providers were able to appropriately use mHealth technologies for patient assessment and routine data collection with minimal training and supervision. However, there were major preconditions needed for the healthcare providers to effectively apply such technologies, including in-service application training54, strong connectivity and electric power supply, especially in rural areas of the country63, and uninterrupted mobile network airtime74. One study reported on genomics data61. A psychiatric genomics consortium exchanged data between research groups for genome-wide association studies on neurogenetics of schizophrenia, with tens of thousands of patients and controls included. The consortium developed and used an mHealth application, MiGene Family History App (MFHA), to assist clinicians with the collection and analysis of patient genetic data over six months and assessed its feasibility through a survey of 47 clinicians. The results showed the potential expansion of medical genetics services into low and middle-income countries (LMICs) and the feasibility and benefit of the MFHA for the services61.

Electronic health records

Of the final set of 52 studies, 13 were on EHR77-89, involving 4534 study participants: 4232 health professionals, 250 patients, and 52 healthy individuals. The studies used health information technology, health management information system (HMIS), tablet-based electronic data capture (EDC), electronic information source (EIS), health smart card (HSC), and Android-based data collection system as their EHR of interest. Five studies focus on infectious diseases, one on non-communicable diseases (diabetes), and the remaining seven had a broader health system scope. The studies were all cross-sectional, 92% (12/13), except for one RCT. The outcomes of interest were willingness ( n = 5), usability ( n = 3), quality ( n = 3), and feasibility ( n = 2). Table 2 summarizes the characteristics of the included EHR studies.

According to the studies reviewed, EHRs have the potential to exchange real-time patient-related data for better clinical decision-making and to capture and share electronic health information efficiently. However, the studies also reported potential gaps and drawbacks associated with EHRs. A study that compared EHR with paper-based records for ART data reported a higher incomplete data with the use of EHR for various reasons including difficulties implementing EHR in high patient load conditions and the frequent need for capturing dual electronic and paper-based data for individual patients83.

Studies that assessed the current HMIS practice in healthcare facilities reported several gaps in the accuracy, completeness, and timeliness of data for reasons including poor support from facility management, lack of accountability for data errors, poor supportive supervision, and absence of a dedicated Information Management unit responsible for EHR functions80,85.

A significant number of healthcare professionals were either not ready81,84,88 or not willing78,87 to use EHR. Some healthcare professionals still preferred paper-based records to EHR in their daily work82,85,87-89 while other preferred EHR82. Lack of access to EHR training, computer skills, and performance expectancy were the major barriers to their willingness or intention to use EHR77-81,83,84,87,88.

Telemedicine

Of the 52 studies considered, four reported on telemedicine, involving 465 participants who were healthcare professionals90-93. The studies investigated what level of knowledge and attitude healthcare professionals have toward telemedicine90, why healthcare providers resist using telemedicine91, and how telemedicine and teledermatology systems can be improved in a given program92,93. All were cross-sectional and their outcomes of interest were knowledge and attitude, willingness, usability, and feasibility (Table 3).

Table 3.

The studies highlighted that telemedicine has the potential improving healthcare; however, healthcare providers had less knowledge and information about it. One study reported that of the 312 healthcare professionals included, 62% lacked good knowledge and 36% lacked a good attitude about telemedicine90. Healthcare professionals resisted the use of telemedicine in their clinical practices mainly due to their perceived threat and controllability, with reduced autonomy, anxiety, and costs indirectly aggravating the resistance91. Telemedicine implementation in Ethiopia is influenced by technological dynamics, e-government preparedness, enabling policy environment, multi-stakeholder engagement, and capacity building93.

Cloud-based applications

Two studies reported on Cloud-based interventions, involving 2382 participants: 1748 surgical cases94 and 634 healthy women on cervical cancer screening95. The aims of the studies were on the feasibility of a multicentre Cloud-based peri-operative registry for surgical care94 and the feasibility of a cloud-based electronic data system for human papillomavirus (HPV) cervical cancer screening95. Table 4 summarizes the characteristics of the included Cloud studies.

A Network for Peri-operative Critical care (N4PCc) developed and evaluated a multicentre Cloud-based peri-operative registry in Ethiopia94. The authors reported on 1748 consecutive surgical cases for key performance indicators including compliance with the World Health Organization's Surgical Safety Checklist, adverse events during anesthesia, and surgical site infections. With these, the authors reported a successful multicentre digital surgical registry that can enable the measurement of key performance indicators for surgery and evaluation of peri‐operative outcomes95.

One study conducted home-based human papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling assisted by a Cloud-based electronic data system. The study used an electronic app-based data system with an offline mode function for tablet computers, based on a Cloud solution. The app-based data system showed robust technical functionality, stability, comfort, data accuracy, and ease-of-use by health workers, with no data loss observed. The offline data collection, uploading, and synchronization system were safe and error-free95.

Artificial intelligence

One study evaluated the precision of AI in differentiating between target and implanted intraocular lens (IOL) power in cataract outreach campaigns in Ethiopia96. The study applied machine learning (ML) to optimize the IOL inventory and minimize avoidable refractive error in patients from the cataract campaigns ( n = 13,417). The result indicated good precision, with the ML optimized the implanted intraocular lens inventory and minimized avoidable refractive error (Table 5).

Information communication technology (ICT)

Three studies reported on ICT, involving a total of 681 participants: 551 healthcare professionals97,98 and 130 patients99 (Table 6). One study97 assessed the digital competency of healthcare providers in seven public health centers and found low-level competency, with factors such as sex, educational status, profession type, monthly income, and years of experience were statistically significant predictors. The second study98 assessed health professional's behavioral intention to adopt eHealth systems and revealed that among the different eHealth constructs, healthcare professionals' attitude toward eHealth had the strongest effect on the intention to use eHealth systems. The third study evaluated the accuracy of a live-streamed video conference over a third-generation (3G) network for consultation of ultrasound scans from a remote location for a variety of pediatric indications and found the method accurate and feasible99.

Discussion

We conducted a systematic review of the available literature to provide strong evidence on the potential impact of DHTs on clinical and public health practices in the context of a resource-constrained sub-Saharan African country, Ethiopia. The review identified 52 studies across different areas of DHTs, including mHealth, EMR, telemedicine, cloud-based technology, ICT, and AI. Of the 52 included studies, emerging DHTs had a very small share at 13%: AI 2%, Cloud-based technology 4%, and telemedicine 8%, while the major 81% share was for mHealth (56%), EHR (25%), and ICT 6%). This analysis demonstrated that only 10% (5/52) of the studies were tested in RCTs to provide robust and more credible evidence of the potential of the DHTs. Digital health solutions have substantial benefits and considerable potential to transform the healthcare system and societal wellbeing in Ethiopia. However, their adoption and implementation in full capacity face challenges in terms of infrastructure, training, access to better devices such as smartphones, and some hesitancies from patients and providers. Such challenges have been reported in studies from other African countries including Uganda100,101, Kenya102-105, and Tanzania106,107. A meta-analysis was not conducted due to the heterogeneous nature of the compiled studies.

The mHealth solutions identified in this systematic review mainly aimed to improve maternal and child healthcare and services. This review found that mHealth interventions, either a phone call or SMS, were feasible and acceptable for improving contraceptive uptake, maternal healthcare, and tuberculosis medication adherence among the Ethiopian population. The evidence also showed the potential utility of mHealth for HIV counseling and testing, outpatient follow-up, post-surgery follow-up, child-immunization follow-up, pregnant women antenatal and postnatal follow-ups, and in improving knowledge and awareness of parents regarding infant feeding, while its potential for contraceptive uptake was not significant. The included studies revealed that a significant number of study participants owned mobile phones and were willing to participate in mHealth-related clinical or public health interventions. However, the type of mobile phone that the patients own may not be smartphones to support an upload of needed software. Such challenges were also reported elsewhere in Kenya108-110 and Tanzania111 where there exist similar socioeconomic disparities in mobile phone ownership in support of the implementation of mHealth.

Our analysis indicates that patients with HIV may resist having their ART adherence information followed up using electronic medication reminders for fear of potential disclosure of their HIV status. The finding was consistent with a recent study in Tanzania that fear for potential involuntary disclosure of HIV status significantly affects mHealth interventions in such patients112. The development of the next generation of mHealth in such developing countries requires a broad understanding of the local social contexts that may affect the successes of DHTs113. Currently, various innovative DHTs are emerging to address the multifaceted problems associated with tuberculosis diagnosis, care and prevention. However, available data are limited for stronger conclusions of their effectiveness in various countries and settings, including Ethiopia. An RCT is currently ongoing in Ethiopia114 to bridge this gap. An initial synthesis of the evidence on DHTs is thus essential to better understand the overall digital health ecosystem in the country and successfully implement DHT-enabled healthcare and research programs.

Our analysis indicates that the use of cloud computing could help resource-constrained countries like Ethiopia to acquire advanced data storage, servers, and databases without investing in new IT infrastructure, though we have identified only two studies that are less likely to support its potential. There have been controversies on the potential benefits of the Cloud and the issues surrounding legal and regulatory implications115. For countries like Ethiopia that have not yet established a standardized legal cybersecurity framework, strategy, and governance at the national level116, adopting appropriate laws and building technical capacity would reassure the partnership and uptake of Cloud services.

Telemedicine was an emerging technology in the Ethiopian healthcare system which had its drawbacks on successful implementations, despite positive energy that healthcare providers to step up. Building capacity of the healthcare providers before full-scale implementation could bring real benefits out of telemedicine. In the COVID-19 pandemic that restricted physical contacts117-119, telemedicine revealed significant contributions in Ethiopia by connecting patients with their healthcare providers to discuss and follow-up their disease conditions120.

In recent years, capacities for research, development, and trade on DHTs are rising sharply, while more work is needed to delineate the mechanisms of how the gains could be shared out with resource-constrained countries and global digital health strategy met. Our analysis demonstrated the feasibility and potential demands of DHTs, with the greatest opportunities in emerging health technology markets in Ethiopia.

Conclusion

DHTs hold much promise tackling major clinical and public health backlogs and strengthening health systems in Ethiopia. Although they are a relatively recent phenomenon in Ethiopia, their potential harnessing clinical and public health practices are highly visible. More RCTs are needed on emerging DHTs including artificial intelligence, big data, cloud, cybersecurity, telemedicine, and wearable devices to provide robust evidence of their potential use in such settings and to materialize the Global Digital Health Strategy.

Methods

Study design

This study was based on a systematic review of scientific literature utilizing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 guidelines for the design and reporting of the results. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO ( CRD42021240645).

To broaden the scope of DHTs in our review, we combined the latest descriptions of digital health given by the WHO41 and the U.S. Drug and Food Administration (FDA)121. With this, the following technologies were included in the review: mobile health, telehealth, electronic health records (EHR), telemedicine, health information technology, wearable devices, software as a medical device, artificial intelligence, machine learning, genomics, computing sciences in big data, cybersecurity, wireless medical devices, and medical device interoperability.

Search strategy

We searched the PubMed-MEDLINE, Embase, ScienceDirect, African Journals Online, Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform databases from inception to the latest 02 February 2021 for studies of any design and in any setting in Ethiopia that investigated the potential of DHTs in clinical or public health practices in Ethiopia. We performed manual searches of the WHO website, Google search engine, and reference lists of included studies, and contacted authors of original studies to retrieve extra possible articles or additional data. See the search strategy in the Supplementary information (Supplementary Note 1).

We tailored search strategies to each database and used controlled medical subject headings (MeSHs) and search filters where available, or Boolean search methods and free-text terms, referring to Ethiopia and Digital OR Mobile OR Smartphone OR "Cell phone" OR Techno* OR "short message service" OR SMS OR Tele* OR Telemedicine OR Telehealth OR E-health OR eHealth OR Remote OR Electro* OR Comput* OR cloud OR Software OR Application OR Robotics OR Blockchain OR "Artificial intelligence" OR genomics OR "big data" OR cybersecurity OR wireless.

Eligibility

Studies were included if they met the following inclusion criteria:

Participants: Eligible participants could be patients, healthcare professionals, data collectors, or healthy individuals in Ethiopia, either women or men, and without age restrictions. Thus, the search was not restricted to participants except that they should reside in Ethiopia.

Interventions: All DHTs that were included in our definition. Studies that investigated digital technologies for non-health conditions were excluded.

Comparisons: Studies with a comparison condition were not required as a criterion. Thus, studies with or without a comparator were eligible.

Outcome: Studies assessing the potential efficacy, effectiveness, feasibility, usability, acceptability, or any related outcomes were included in the review without specific restrictions.

Study design: All available study designs were included. We excluded reviews, commentaries, editorials, and proceedings as these are non‐empirical publications.

Study selection

Two independent authors examined the title and abstract of all screened publications. From the title and abstract of all publications identified by the database search, those that were duplicated or did not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded. The full texts of the remaining publications were further reviewed. Disagreements were resolved by consensus and, if persisted, were arbitrated through discussion with a third author.

Data extraction

The identified data were listed, and information was provided on the type and details of the type of DHT under investigation, the disease condition studied, the type of participants, the number of participants, the study design employed, outcome measures, major findings, the surname of the first author, and year of publication.

Data management and analysis

The publications were grouped in exhaustive tables based on the type of DHT investigated. A qualitative content analysis of all documents and articles was performed. Each article was summarized, and the data were reported descriptively. Less emphasis was placed on the assessment of the quality of the included literature as that was not the major objective of this review.

This analysis was designed to inform our ongoing DHT-enabled randomized controlled trial (RCT) on tuberculosis in Ethiopia (ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT04216420). The trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a digital health technology-enabled self-administered therapy over standard directly observed therapy on adherence to TB medication and treatment outcomes in Ethiopia114.

Operational definitions

Mobile health (mHealth): The use of mobile phone device's core utility of voice or short messaging service (SMS) as well as more complex functionalities to improve health outcomes and healthcare services.

Electronic health records (EHRs): are patient-centered electronic records that provide immediate and secure information to authorized users.

Telemedicine: The practice of medicine at a distance which involves an interaction between a healthcare provider and a patient when the two are separated by distance.

Cloud: The practice of storing and computing health data remotely over the internet, which is managed by external service providers.

Artificial intelligence (AI): The simulation of human intelligence in a digital computer that is programmed to think or perform health tasks like humans.

Information and communications technology (ICT): technologies that provide access to health information through telecommunications.

Supplementary information

Acknowledgements

The work was supported by the Fogarty International Center and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the US National Institutes of Health (D43TW009127) and the Emory Center for AIDS Research (P30 AI050409). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health or the Emory Center for AIDS Research.

Author contributions

Study conception, acquisition and synthesis of data, and first draft: T.M. Acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of data: V.C.M. and Y.W. interpretation of data and resource acquisition: H.M.B. and A.F. All authors reviewed and approved the final version for publication.

Data availability

All the data included in this study are available within the paper and its Supplementary Information files.

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Footnotes

Publisher's note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41746-021-00487-4.

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Associated Data
This section collects any data citations, data availability statements, or supplementary materials included in this article.
Supplementary Materials

Data Availability Statement

All the data included in this study are available within the paper and its Supplementary Information files.

Articles from NPJ Digital Medicine are provided here courtesy of Nature Publishing Group

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The potential use of digital health technologies in the African context: a systematic review of evidence from Ethiopia

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The World Health Organization (WHO) recently put forth a Global Strategy on Digital Health 2020-2025 with several countries having already achieved key milestones. We aimed to understand whether and how digital health technologies (DHTs) are ...

# data[].attributes.body
1. analizan radiografías, tomografías, resonancias magnéticas para detectar anomalías, enfermedades pulmonares, cáncer, etc. tadviser.com+3itrussia.media+3GxP News+3

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Botkin.AI | 260 seguidores en LinkedIn. AI-based platform for medical images processing and analysis | AI-based platform for medical images processing and analysis Includes: - Mathematical models for medical image analysis using artificial intelligence technologies
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- Customizable interaction processes between radiologists and artificial intelligence tools

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M-Pesa, lanzada por la compañía de telecomunicaciones Safaricom, es una plataforma de dinero móvil que permite enviar, recibir y almacenar dinero a través del celular sin necesidad de una cuenta bancaria. Permite a los usuarios móviles enviar, recibir, almacenar y retirar dinero, así como realizar pagos y otras transacciones financieras

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eHealth o e-salud se refiere a la aplicación de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) en el ámbito de la salud para mejorar la prestación de servicios médicos, la gestión sanitaria, la educación, el conocimiento y la investigación en salud. Esto incluye el uso de herramientas digitales como el registro médico electrónico, la telemedicina, aplicaciones móviles y la inteligencia artificial para optimizar la comunicación entre profesionales y pacientes, empoderar a las personas en la gestión de su propia salud y aumentar la eficiencia del sistema sanitario.

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About MEDTIS

MEDTIS is a cutting-edge online learning management system (LMS) designed to revolutionize medical education. It connects leading hospitals and medical universities worldwide, providing students and healthcare professionals with unprecedented access to world-class resources and expertise. MEDTIS offers a comprehensive repository of educational content, including lectures, case studies, interactive simulations, and 360 videos, curated by renowned experts. This immersive learning experience allows students to deepen their understanding of medical concepts and develop essential clinical skills.

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About MEDTIS MEDTIS is a cutting-edge online learning management system (LMS) designed to revolutionize medical education. It connects leading hospitals and medical universities worldwide, providing students and healthcare professionals with unprecedented access to world-class resources and expertise. MEDTIS offers a comprehensive repository of educational content, including lectures, case studies, interactive simulations, and 360 videos, curated by renowned experts.

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En Ecuador, una de las herramientas digitales que más ha impactado es OfflinePedia, un proyecto creado por estudiantes de la Universidad Yachay-Tech que permite acceder a Wikipedia en español sin necesidad de Internet. Esta iniciativa ha sido especialmente valiosa para comunidades rurales donde la conectividad es limitada, ya que con equipos reciclados y un software llamado Kiwix, las personas pueden consultar información y aprender sin estar conectados. Gracias a ello, más de 800 personas en provincias como Carchi, Imbabura, Pichincha y Pastaza han podido acceder al conocimiento, mejorando así la educación y reduciendo la brecha digital en el país.

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Fitia que es peruana y funciona como herramienta nutricional: ayuda a calcular calorías, elaborar planes de comidas, registrar alimentos, etc.

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Ping An Good Doctor China Plataforma de consultas médicas en línea (video, chat), reserva de citas, compra de medicamentos, etc. Muy usada, sirve para zonas donde acceso presencial es más difícil. Puede dar ideas de apps de teleodontología, seguimiento remoto, etc.

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Ping An Business Case 2022

A new model of healthcare services in China

How China's largest commercial insurer is evolving into a 'health maintenance organisation' to meet the rising demands of its more than 200mn customers.
Healthcare is a key challenge facing Chinese society. While Deloitte reports that something like 95 per cent of China's people have some basic medical coverage, an ageing population - coupled with urbanisation and rising affluence - has given rise to greater demand for healthcare in the country.

This is the story of how one of the largest insurance companies in the world is transforming itself into a "health maintenance organisation" (HMO) to meet China's rising social demand.

The rise of health services

With health increasingly being prioritised in China, consumers are not merely insuring themselves against disease, but also securing their health for the future. Driven both by policies and market demands, China's commercial health insurance market has seen rapid growth. With regulatory authorities aiming to develop the commercial health insurance market to over Rmb2tn ($300bn) by 2025, the sector is seeing unprecedented growth opportunities.

To meet rising demand, last year Ping An released an upgraded health plan called Ping An Zhenxiang RUN for customers of critical illness insurance. In addition to family doctor services and health records, the plan provides customers with health management plans covering four major areas: health, sub-health, chronic disease and disease. By the end of 2021, the plan covered more than 20mn critical illness policyholders.

Building an ecosystem

By integrating insurance, hospitals, health checks, rehabilitation, elderly care and medicine, insurance companies can establish a one-stop health ecosystem of "insurance + health services + health management".

In this ecosystem, policyholders insure themselves not only against disease, but also with the intention of securing their health for the future. Insurance companies can thus not only effectively improve customer stickiness, but also promptly intervene in customer health while controlling incurred medical expenses.

HMO-managed care

Committed to developing its health ecosystem, Ping An aims to build an HMO-managed care model in China. Managed care, the mainstream business model of commercial health insurance in the United States, accounts for more than 90 per cent of the American market, with UnitedHealth leading the sector.

In managed care, insurance agencies and health service providers establish a mechanism of shared benefits and risks. Under joint management of health services, they optimise cost-effectiveness by controlling expenses through the rational use of medical resources.

The HMO model, which is a form of managed care, connects insurance companies, hospitals, doctors and health service institutions to create a closed-loop business of "insurance + health services". The insured are entitled to medical resources such as treatments within the network.

Drawing on years of operation and management in "insurance + health services", Ping An has introduced a managed-care model featuring "HMO + family doctor + O2O". The Ping An Good Doctor health platform connects online doctors and offline medical institutions through its "family doctor membership" to provide daily health management and services before, during and after diagnosis.

A broad customer base meets deep resources

The keys to the success of HMO-managed care are a huge customer base and the ability to leverage medical resources to effectively control service quality and costs. Ping An's confidence in implementing its health ecosystem strategy stems from its large customer base and leading medical resources.

Ping An has been working toward two major goals in the Chinese health industry: firstly, to provide one-stop health services, mobilising the 227mn customers in the main financial business and the 423mn users of Ping An Good Doctor to build the largest online health platform; and secondly, to access medical resources by closely cooperating with hospitals and medical institutions to integrate resources across the country through Ping An's health technology.

By linking high-quality offline medical resources, Ping An has gained a competitive edge in integrated online and offline health services. By the end of 2021 it had achieved this by collaborating with more than 40,000 in-house doctors and contracted external doctors in China, and forming partnerships with over 10,000 hospitals (including 99 per cent of Tier 1 hospitals and all China's top 100 hospitals), about 96,000 healthcare management institutions and 202,000 pharmacies (around a third of all pharmacies in the country).

In 2021, Ping An invested approximately Rmb48.2bn in the New Founder Group to strengthen its offline health ecosystem. The medical sector of Peking University under the New Founder Group is leading the industry in terms of offline industry scale (including the world-class Peking University International Hospital).

Integrated finance + health services

Ma Mingzhe, chairman of Ping An, says that while finance is central to Ping An's prospects today, healthcare services will determine the group's future.

The health ecosystem strategy is closely integrated with Ping An's main financial business, achieving synergistic effects. In 2021, nearly 63 per cent of Ping An's more than 227mn individual customers chose the services provided by the health ecosystem, with 3.3 contracts per customer and Rmb40,000 in assets under management per customer - figures that are 1.6 times and three times higher, respectively, than those of the customers who did not use health ecosystem services.

Capturing strong consumer demand in finance and health care, Ping An is actively building an "integrated finance + health services" business model in China. As its HMO model of providing health services takes shape, this strategic implementation is gradually being transformed into greater investment value.

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A new model of healthcare services in China

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As healthcare in China is becoming a priority, the commercial health insurance market is also rapidly growing. Read about China's healthcare ecosystem here.

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través de MomConnect, las mujeres embarazadas y las madres primerizas reciben mensajes gratuitos de salud materna por SMS o WhatsApp y pueden acceder a un servicio de asistencia por mensaje de texto para valoraciones o consultas.

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MomConnect – National Department of Health

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la herramienta har movil les ayuda mucho en tiempos de estudio y a traves de ello les falicita buscar informacion

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Sistemas como el Sistema de Información de Salud (SIS) y el eTAB, que unifican expedientes clínicos para una gestión más eficiente, además de la cartilla de vacunación digital y programas de telemedicina para la atención a distancia

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eTAB es una herramienta de inteligencia de negocios creada por los países de Mesoamérica, con el apoyo de la Iniciativa Salud Mesoamérica (SMI) e implementada en cinco países.

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Una plataforma educativa integral para todos los niveles académicos en Marruecos, que proporciona recursos educativos gratuitos para todos los estudiantes y profesores.

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EtudiaLab - Moroccan Educational Platform

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Se enfoca en monitoreo del embarazo y salud fetal / neonatal. Permite seguimiento de movimientos fetales, latido cardíaco del feto, informes digitales que se pueden compartir con el médico.

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Pregnancy & Newborn Monitoring Made Easy & Affordable

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Innovating for saving lives at birth, Janitri offer a wide range of antenatal, labour, and neonatal monitoring devices for continuous monitoring and timely intervention.

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My Health Record , es una iniciativa de la Agencia de Salud Digital del gobierno australiano que sirve como herramienta para acceder a tu historial médico electrónicamente. Sabemos que cuando vas a ver a tu médico de cabecera o médico general, es bastante difícil recordar todos los términos médicos e información.

Una herramienta para salvar vidas:

Los médicos suben resúmenes de salud y eventos y copias de prescripciones en tu registro. También podrás editar tu información y agregar notas cuando quieras. En caso de emergencia, el registro podría proporcionar información que salvaría su vida.

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‘My Health Record’ es un registro electrónico para archivar tu información de salud

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A partir de 2018, el gobierno australiano creará cuentas para todos. Aquí te explicamos cómo acceder a tu cuenta.

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Una herramienta tecnológica de salud importante que se utiliza en Andorra es la aplicación móvil Andorra Salut.

Esta aplicación es desarrollada por el Servei Andorrà d'Atenció Sanitària (SAAS) y está diseñada para facilitar a los ciudadanos:

Consultar detalles de su Historia Clínica Personal.

Acceder a sus citas médicas.

Ver informes médicos y resultados de pruebas diagnósticas.

Actúa como la Carpeta Personal de Salud digital del ciudadano en el país.

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Vezeeta es una plataforma digital de origen egipcio que facilita la reserva de citas médicas, teleconsultas y compra de medicamentos en línea. Ha transformado el acceso a la salud en Egipto al reducir tiempos de espera y conectar pacientes con especialistas de forma rápida y segura.

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Verifying you are human. This may take a few seconds.

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Doctor at Work (Доктор на работе)

Red profesional y plataforma digital usada por médicos en Rusia.

Facilita la comunicación entre especialistas, formación continua y acceso a literatura médica actualizada.

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157,400+ Doctors Working Together Stock Photos, Pictures & Royalty-Free Images - iStock

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Search from Doctors Working Together stock photos, pictures and royalty-free images from iStock. For the first time, get 1 free month of iStock exclusive photos, illustrations, and more.

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https://www.circadian-ai.com/ https://youtu.be/SzyS8ohSaCo?si=LXRM-jup0trZy9fp

es una aplicacion impulsada por IA creada por un niño indio residente de EE.UU que utiliza el microfono del telefono para grabar los latidos cardiacos y los analiza con un 96% de efectividad

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Advanced heart health monitoring powered by AI

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MiSalud – Secretaría de Salud México

Permite que mujeres embarazadas reciban mensajes que recuerdan citas médicas prenatales, recomendaciones de salud durante el embarazo, consejos nutricionales, advertencias de signos de riesgo, y orientación para el cuidado del bebé hasta los 2 años.

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misalud: una herramienta digital para mejorar tu salud materna

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Proyecto conjunto entre la Secretaría de Salud y la Estrategia Digital Nacional.

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da es una herramienta que combina tecnología (incluyendo algoritmos y “inteligencia médica”) con conocimiento clínico para ayudar a los usuarios a entender mejor los síntomas que están experimentando.

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Inteligencia artificial creada por médicos, científicos e ingenieros para poner gratuitamente en manos de todos el cuidado de la salud.

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permiten acceder a consultas médicas en línea a través de videoconferencias, una práctica que se expandió durante la pandemia de Covid-19 u otras enfermedades el cual continúa siendo útil para comunidades rurales y el control de paciente con enfermedades graves.

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Telehealth & Telemedicine Provider | Teladoc Health

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The telehealth solution more people and organizations trust for a full range of healthcare needs, with over 50 million virtual visits and 20 years of experience.

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Voiceitt es una tecnología de reconocimiento de voz diseñada para personas con voz no estándar ,es decir, personas que tienen dificultades del habla, acentos fuertes, trastornos del habla, o que tras accidentes o enfermedades tienen alteraciones en su voz

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Make your voice products accessible

through seamless, customizable API integrations.

Our technology combines state-of-the-art machine learning techniques and Voiceitt's unique, proprietary database of atypical speech patterns. Along with a customized training experience for users, our API is a secure, scalable, production-ready system for a uniquely accessible, intuitive voice experience. Contact sales@voiceitt.com

The
App

Voiceitt is a stand-alone web application that will work across all of your technology. After teaching Voiceitt your unique speech, there are three key modes: Speak, Dictate, and Integrations.

Voiceitt is now available around the world in English:

‍In the United Kingdom & Europe with Adapt-IT
‍
‍In Australia with Superyou
‍
In the United States and Canada with RAZ mobility
‍
‍

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Voiceitt has developed speech recognition for non-standard speech: opening the world of voice technology for people with speech disabilities, aging adults, and accented speakers.

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Este modelo de participación voluntaria dio como resultado que un gran número de australianos ahora tuvieran acceso a Mi Historial Médico.

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1. Es ⁠Una aplicación terapéutica aprobada en Japón que funciona como tratamiento médico digital (*Digital Therapeutics*).

2. Ejemplo : para dejar de fumar y CureApp HT para controlar la hipertensión, usadas bajo supervisión médica.

3. Impacto: Mejora la adherencia al tratamiento, aumenta la tasa de éxito en dejar de fumar y reduce visitas hospitalarias innecesarias.

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Re-evolving "therapeutics"
with software

Pioneering the field of digital therapeutics

We strive for the ideal of medical care,
a world where all people can receive high-quality treatment without worry.
Evolving treatment with the power of technology,
we will solve the social issues surrounding healthcare and realize ideal medical care.

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We strive for the ideal of medical care, a world where all people can receive high-quality treatment without worry. Evolving treatment with the power of technology, we will solve the social issues surrounding healthcare and realize ideal medical care.

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Permite identificar enfermedades crónicas o riesgos en fases tempranas, lo que ayuda a prevenir complicaciones graves; mejora la toma de decisiones clínicas y optimiza recursos.

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Webiomed – платформа прогнозной аналитики

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Прогнозная аналитика и система поддержки принятия врачебных решений на основе искусственного интеллекта

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TB care

Uso de inteligencia artificial para interpretar radiografías de tórax (Chest X-Ray) automáticamente con qXR (una herramienta de Qure.ai) combinada con clínicas móviles (“mobile clinics”) para hacer screening comunitario en áreas de alto riesgo de TB.

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AI-Powered Mobile X-Ray: Aiding TB Screening in South Africa

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Discover how Qure.ai’s AI-powered mobile X-ray screening initiative is revolutionizing tuberculosis detection and treatment in South Africa.

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Miroverse es una plataforma digital que funciona como una biblioteca abierta de plantillas creadas por la comunidad de usuarios de Miro, una herramienta de pizarras colaborativas online. Aunque Miro es relativamente conocida en equipos de diseño o trabajo remoto, Miroverse es poco explorada a pesar de su gran utilidad.

En Miroverse se pueden encontrar plantillas listas para usar en áreas como planificación de proyectos, mapas mentales, lluvias de ideas, retrospectives, metodologías ágiles, investigación académica y dinámicas educativas. Su ventaja principal es que permite ahorrar tiempo y aprovechar la creatividad de miles de usuarios de todo el mundo.

Es una herramienta digital que fomenta la colaboración, la innovación y el aprendizaje compartido, pero que muchos no conocen porque se suele usar solo la versión básica de Miro sin explorar este recurso adicional.

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Aplicación móvil de salud para la detección de tuberculosis y el cumplimiento de la obligación de someterse a una radiografía de tórax en casos presuntivos detectados por la aplicación en Myanmar: estudio de usabilidad

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Mobile Health App for Tuberculosis Screening and Compliance to Undergo Chest X-ray Examination Among Presumptive Cases Detected by the App in Myanmar: Usability Study

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In Myanmar, the use of a mobile app for tuberculosis (TB) screening and its operational effect on seeking TB health care have not been evaluated yet. This study aims to report the usability of a simple mobile app to screen TB and comply with chest…

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mHealth y clínicas móviles conectadas (apps + unidades móviles)

Qué es / cómo se usa en Mongolia: combinación de aplicaciones móviles (p. ej. mHealth.mn y plataformas locales) y unidades de salud móvil equipadas con conectividad que registran datos, agendan citas y entregan servicios primarios en comunidades nómadas o periurbanas. WHO y proyectos del Banco Mundial han documentado despliegues de clínicas móviles que usan TIC para acceso y seguimiento. Apple
Impacto: mejor acceso a atención primaria para poblaciones vulnerables (familias nómadas, comunidades remotas), posibilidad de registrar y entregar resultados de laboratorio y vacunas, y mayor continuidad de cuidado. Informes describen reducción de la brecha geográfica en acceso y mayor detección precoz de enfermedades en áreas remotas.

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Herramienta digital utilizada: Well (plataforma digital de salud)
Área del mercado impactada: Salud (atención médica y telemedicina)
Breve descripción del impacto: Well es una aplicación suiza que conecta a pacientes con aseguradoras, médicos, farmacias y hospitales en un solo espacio digital. Permite gestionar citas médicas, recibir consultas a distancia, pedir recetas electrónicas y acceder al historial clínico. Ha mejorado la eficiencia del sistema sanitario suizo al reducir tiempos de espera y facilitar el acceso a la atención, especialmente en zonas alejadas.
Fuente consultada: Google Cloud – Well moderniza el sistema de salud en Suiza

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PAÍS: Noruega

HERRAMIENTA DIGITAL UTILIZADA: Chatgpt

ÁREA: SALUD

"Kjernejournal"

Qué es: Es una solución nacional para compartir datos clave de salud de los pacientes entre distintos niveles del sistema sanitario (atención primaria, hospitales, urgencias, etc.). Contiene información crítica (alergias, medicamentos, historial de visitas, etc.), así como resultados de pruebas de laboratorio y vacunas.

Impacto:

1. Mejora la continuidad de la atención en situaciones de urgencia: si un paciente va a un hospital que no conoce, los médicos pueden ver información clave sin esperar a que se obtenga del médico habitual, reduciendo riesgo de errores médicos.

2. Facilita la coordinación entre diferentes profesionales de la salud: atendientes municipales, médicos de cabecera, servicios hospitalarios pueden compartir información importante, lo que mejora rapidez de diagnósticos y tratamiento.

3. Da poder al paciente en cuanto a transparencia y control: los pacientes pueden ver quién accedió a su información, limitar el acceso, etc.

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Et nasjonalt system som deler informasjon på tvers i helsevesenet. I pasientens kjernejournal kan helsepersonell se de samme opplysningene uavhengig av om de jobber som fastlege, på sykehus eller legevakt.

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Et nasjonalt system som deler informasjon på tvers i helsevesenet. I pasientens kjernejournal kan helsepersonell se de samme opplysningene uavhengig av om de jobber som fastlege, på sykehus eller legevakt.

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INFINITT Digital Pathology Solution

Obtuvo aprobación de dispositivo médico por parte de Health Canada para su solución de patología digital. INFINITT

Permite a los patólogos ver, interpretar y compartir imágenes de patología digital desde cualquier lugar, integrándose con registros médicos electrónicos (EMR), sistemas de laboratorio, etc. INFINITT

Impacto esperado: mejoras en flujo de trabajo, colaboración remota (útil especialmente para zonas remotas), agilización de diagnósticos, optimización de recursos. La implementación de soluciones como INFINITT Digital Pathology marca un paso importante hacia la modernización de la práctica médica en Canadá. Esta herramienta permite digitalizar completamente el análisis de muestras patológicas, lo que representa una transformación significativa del modelo tradicional basado en portaobjetos físicos y microscopios.

Esta actividad no solo optimiza el flujo de trabajo diagnóstico al reducir los tiempos de espera y facilitar el acceso remoto a las muestras, sino que también abre la puerta a la colaboración entre especialistas de distintas regiones —algo especialmente crucial en un país con vastas zonas rurales y escaso acceso a ciertos especialistas, como ocurre en Canadá. https://www.infinittna.com/solutions/pathology/

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Digitize your entire pathology workflow with solutions designed to improve efficiency and collaboration.

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Telemedicina

• Dónde se usa: Principalmente en zonas rurales y remotas como Papúa, Kalimantan y Nusa Tenggara.

• Aplicación: Plataformas como Halodoc y Alodokter permiten consultas médicas virtuales, acceso a recetas y seguimiento de tratamientos.

• Impacto: Mejora el acceso a atención médica en regiones con escasez de profesionales de salud.

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1. Distribución de medicamentos por correo nacional (Honducor + IHSS)
El Instituto Hondureño de Seguridad Social (IHSS) tiene un acuerdo con Honducor para la recolección, transporte y entrega de medicamentos e insumos médicos a clínicas periféricas y regiones del país.
Este esquema conecta salud (acceso a medicamentos), transporte (logística del correo) y comercio (el sistema de distribución funciona como si fuese entrega de productos comprados, aunque aquí es un bien público). También hay retos financieros: por ejemplo retrasos en pagos que afectan la continuidad del servicio.

2. E-commerce + paquetería + productos de salud/belleza
En Honduras, uno de los rubros importantes dentro del comercio electrónico es el de productos de cuidado personal, belleza y salud. Las empresas de mensajería y paquetería tienen un papel clave para que estos productos lleguen a los consumidores en tiempo y forma.
Por ejemplo, plataformas y marketplaces traen productos importados, incluidos algunos relacionados con salud y cuidado personal, que luego se transportan al comprador mediante servicios de envío.

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BlueDot: Ubicación: Toronto

Descripción: Utiliza IA y big data para rastrear y predecir la propagación de enfermedades infecciosas. Fue una de las primeras en alertar sobre el brote de COVID-19.

Aplicación en salud: Vigilancia epidemiológica y alertas sanitarias tempranas

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🏫 Herramientas digitales usadas en la educación en Islandia (por ejemplo, plataformas y recursos educativos digitales del país).

💼 Herramientas digitales desarrolladas en Islandia (software, apps o startups tecnológicas islandesas).

🌍 Herramientas digitales empleadas por el gobierno islandés (servicios públicos digitales, e-gobierno).

📊 Panorama general de la digitalización en Islandia (infraestructura, innovación y tecnología).

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Tecnología moderna en salud

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Abordaje y atención a la cronicidad con tecnologías digitales en las políticas sanitarias en España

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Cuba ya usa la telemedicina para sus servicios de salud internos y atiende a pacientes internacionales, aprovechando su historia en la atención médica a distancia

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Telemedicina, impacto y perspectivas para la sociedad actual

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La sociedad actual se ve diariamente influenciada por el desarrollo de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones, quienes han tenido el p…

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Maple es una plataforma canadiense de atención virtual que concentra consultas por video, texto y gestión de seguimiento (incluyendo servicios contratados por empresas para sus empleados). Ha crecido como alternativa accesible para consultas primarias y urgentes, integrando encuestas, triage digital y derivación a atención presencial cuando hace falta.

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Maple — Online Doctors 24/7 - Apps on Google Play

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Virtual Medical Care & Advice — Online Doctors & Health Prescriptions

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Peek Vision: Es una de las soluciones más prometedoras. Usa un adaptador para smartphones (el Peek Retina) que permite examinar el fondo de ojo con la cámara del teléfono. Las imágenes se pueden capturar por trabajadores de salud comunitarios y enviar a oftalmólogos en ciudades principales para su diagnóstico. Funciona incluso en conexiones lentas.

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Nuestra Plataforma de Interoperabilidad permite centralizar la información en un solo lugar y facilita la comunicación uniforme gracias a estándares internacionales.

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Plataforma de Interoperabilidad para el sector salud - K2BHealth

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Independice sus módulos, permitiendo intercambiar e interpretar información de cualquier otro sistema, aportando valor a su cadena asistencial.

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Motivia — plataforma para enfermedades crónicas

Qué es:
Es una plataforma argentina que utiliza inteligencia artificial para acompañar a pacientes con enfermedades crónicas como diabetes, hipertensión u obesidad. Proporciona seguimiento digital, educación en salud y recomendaciones personalizadas para mejorar la adherencia a tratamientos.

Impacto en Argentina:

Mejora la calidad de vida al apoyar al paciente fuera de la consulta.

Favorece la prevención de complicaciones y reduce hospitalizaciones.

Disminuye costos para el sistema de salud al optimizar el manejo de enfermedades crónicas.

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Motivia – La forma más efectiva de adquirir hábitos saludables.

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España impulsa la digitalización a través de diversas herramientas y planes estratégicos. En la administración pública destacan Cl@ve para la identificación digital, AutoFirma para la firma electrónica y servicios en la nube que facilitan trámites en línea. Para el sector empresarial se ofrece el programa Kit Digital y otros apoyos a pymes y autónomos, mientras que en el ámbito tecnológico se promueve la expansión de la banda ancha, el 5G y planes de ciberseguridad. Todo esto forma parte de la agenda España Digital 2026, que busca modernizar servicios, fortalecer la seguridad y reducir la brecha digital en todo el país.

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🩺 Herramienta digital innovadora en el área de salud en Finlandia

Nombre: Kanta Services (Sistema Nacional de Información de Salud de Finlandia)

Descripción:

Kanta es una plataforma digital nacional que conecta hospitales, centros de salud, farmacias y pacientes en toda Finlandia. Permite acceder a historiales médicos electrónicos, recetas digitales y datos de laboratorio desde un único sistema seguro.

Principales características:

📄 Recetas electrónicas: Todos los medicamentos recetados se registran digitalmente y se pueden recoger en cualquier farmacia del país.

🧠 Historial médico digital: Los profesionales de salud pueden consultar el historial médico completo del paciente en tiempo real.

👩‍💻 Portal para pacientes (My Kanta): Los ciudadanos pueden acceder a sus registros médicos, ver resultados de exámenes y gestionar permisos de acceso para médicos.

🔐 Seguridad y privacidad: El sistema cumple con altos estándares de protección de datos (GDPR europeo).

Impacto innovador:

Finlandia fue uno de los primeros países del mundo en implementar una infraestructura nacional totalmente digital para la gestión médica. Esto ha mejorado la eficiencia del sistema sanitario, reducido errores en recetas y aumentado la participación del paciente en su propio cuidado.

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The Kanta Services are a set of digital services that store citizens’ social welfare and health care data. The use of this data makes it easier to manage affairs relating to your health and wellbeing. In addition, the data supports social welfare and health care providers in their decision making.

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Qué es: ITTI Bolivia S.A. ofrece soluciones de telemedicina en varios niveles (básico, intermedio, especializado), incluyendo videoconferencias, diagnóstico remoto, interconsultas con especialistas, historia clínica digital, integración de dispositivos médicos remotos, formación y soporte.

Innovación: permite que establecimientos de salud o comunidades que no tienen especialistas en sitio puedan conectarse con especialistas; digitalización de historia clínica; modularidad según necesidades locales; capacidad de escalar entre diferentes niveles de complejidad; uso de software/web y dispositivos para tele consulta y teleeducación.

Impacto: ha servido para ampliar la cobertura (especialmente en zonas remotas); mejorar la continuidad de atención de pacientes que no pueden trasladarse fácilmente; permite optimizar recursos humanos (especialistas pueden dar servicio a varias localidades); mejora en tiempos de respuesta para diagnósticos; reducción de costos de traslado para pacientes. También contribuye en el fortalecimiento institucional al modernizar procesos hospitalarios. Aunque no encontré cifras nacionales detalladas de cuantos pacientes han sido atendidos, la oferta está claramente establecida.

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https://www.bundesbank.de/en/publications/research/research-brief/2024-65-digital-transformation-labour-productivity-831736

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Las herramientas digitales facilitan el trabajo en equipo y la comunicación, ya que permiten conectarnos y compartir información sin importar la distancia. Además, ayudan en el aprendizaje y la investigación porque brindan acceso rápido a contenidos, materiales y fuentes confiables.
Sin embargo, también pueden generar desafíos, como el riesgo de perder la privacidad de los datos o distraerse con su uso. Por eso, es importante utilizarlas con responsabilidad y de forma segura

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Telemedicina para emergencias en asentamientos remotos
En Groenlandia, se han aplicado proyectos de telemedicina para manejar urgencias médicas en comunidades muy aisladas. Por ejemplo, un estudio mostró que en dos de tres casos, gracias a la telemedicina se evitó evacuar por aire, y en el tercer caso se logró estabilizar al paciente mientras llegaba la ambulancia aérea. PubMed

Estaciones de telemedicina locales “Pipaluk”
Hay estaciones denominadas Pipaluk en unos 60 asentamientos de Groenlandia. Estos puestos tienen equipos para medir signos vitales (temperatura, presión, pulso), webcam, ECG, estetoscopio a distancia, etc., conectividad satelital/internet. Permiten que personas en áreas rurales tengan atención básica sin tener que viajar grandes distancias. healthcareatdistance.com

Percepción ciudadana positiva hacia telemedicina
Estudios recogieron opiniones de ciudadanos de asentamientos: la mayoría ve la telemedicina favorablemente, la identifican como una mejora del acceso a la salud. Pero también expresan desafíos: que los equipos no siempre son lo suficientemente móviles, barreras culturales y geográficas. PubMed

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Maciej DobrzyńskiHead of Operations at PZU Zdrowie

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PZU Zdrowie: 37% of patients directed to teleconsultation with the help of AI-powered technology

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Doctor Raksa → ahora parte de Doctor Anywhere (telemedicina a gran escala)

Qué hace: plataforma de telemedicina que conecta pacientes con médicos vía chat/voz/video, incluye entrega de medicamentos, salud mental, gineco-obstetricia y consultas 24/7; fue adquirida por Doctor Anywhere para ampliar alcance regional.
Impacto: aumento importante del acceso a consultas (millones de consultas en la plataforma), apoyo a continuidad de la atención (seguimientos, entrega rápida de medicamentos), y uso extensivo durante y después de COVID para reducir visitas presenciales; estudios locales muestran alta aceptación del telehealth en algunos servicios (ej. control de implantes anticonceptivos vía LINE/teleconsulta).

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Perfecto — actuaré como investigador en herramientas digitales aplicadas a salud y te presento tres tecnologías que se están usando de forma innovadora en Kazajistán y cómo están impactando allí. Cada herramienta incluye qué es, cómo se está usando (innovación concreta) y impacto observado / esperado. Cito las fuentes principales al final de cada bloque para que puedas verificarlas.

1) Red nacional de telemedicina y complejos telemédicos (teleconsultas con equipos remotos)

Qué es: plataformas y “complejos” equipados para teleconsultas (video) con sensores médicos remotos — ECG, ultrasonido, dermatoscopio, otoscopio, fonendoscopio digital, etc.
Cómo se usa (innovación): el despliegue de complejos telemédicos en regiones como la región de Kazajistán Norte (proyecto LIMSTAR) conecta clínicas rurales con especialistas en centros urbanos mediante equipos portátiles y centros de teleconferencia. Además, la red nacional de telemedicina (en desarrollo/operativa desde hace años) se integra con la formación y soporte remoto para el personal local. Esto no es solo video: incluye toma remota de señales diagnósticas y protocolos formales de teleconsulta.
Impacto: mayor acceso a especialistas para poblaciones rurales, reducción de traslados de pacientes, mayor capacidad de respuesta en emergencias y mejor continuidad en el seguimiento de pacientes crónicos. Los informes oficiales y la OMS resaltan que la telemedicina ha permitido ampliar cobertura y salvar vidas al facilitar acceso inmediato a especialistas. (The Astana Times)

2) Plataformas de IA para diagnóstico y análisis de laboratorio (ej.: análisis de sangre por IA; triage por IA en imágenes)

Qué es: startups y soluciones que aplican modelos de inteligencia artificial a imágenes médicas (TC, radiografía) y a datos de laboratorio para detección temprana y priorización de casos. Ejemplos recientes incluyen plataformas locales que analizan marcadores inmunes en exámenes sanguíneos y proyectos piloto de IA “terapeuta / diagnóstico preliminar” y triage automático de imágenes torácicas.
Cómo se usa (innovación): se están piloteando sistemas de IA que realizan lectura preliminar de pruebas (p. ej. análisis de sangre con alta precisión declarada por la startup local, y herramientas de triage de CT para enfermedades pulmonares). Algunos proyectos se integran con flujos clínicos para derivar urgentemente los casos que la IA marca como de alta probabilidad. También hay pilotos de asistentes conversacionales/“AI therapist” para triage inicial en centros seleccionados.
Impacto: reducción del tiempo hasta diagnóstico, mejor priorización de recursos (ej. camas/consultas) y escalamiento de capacidad diagnóstica sin duplicar especialistas. Informes de prensa especializados y artículos locales señalan mejoras en detección y mayor volumen procesado por mes en instalaciones que usan estas soluciones. Sin embargo, la adopción requiere validación clínica continua y regulación. (The Astana Times)

3) Sistemas nacionales de información en salud / eHealth y herramientas móviles integradas (expediente clínico electrónico, mHealth para seguimiento)

Qué es: modernización del ecosistema de datos de salud: pasar de registros en papel a sistemas electrónicos, integración con servicios digitales gubernamentales y aplicaciones móviles para pacientes y gestores. Incluye iniciativas financiadas por organismos internacionales para desarrollar una visión estratégica y coordinar sistemas digitales en salud.
Cómo se usa (innovación): el gobierno y socios (UNDP, proyectos regionales) están impulsando una estrategia para interoperabilidad, generación de evidencia y uso de datos públicos (con propuestas de plataforma nacional de datos). Se vincula e-gobierno con servicios sanitarios (por ejemplo consultas, citas, resultados de laboratorio accesibles digitalmente), y se promueven proyectos piloto para monitoreo remoto y toma de decisiones basada en datos.
Impacto: mejor gestión de rutas de atención, transparencia en financiamiento y calidad, decisiones basadas en datos poblacionales y facilidades para programas de prevención (p. ej. screening). Informes de organismos multilaterales muestran que esto está reduciendo la fragmentación del sistema y creando condiciones para escalar telemedicina y soluciones de IA. Aún quedan retos de interoperabilidad y capacitación. (mptf.undp.org)

Observaciones generales (como investigador)

Fortalezas: voluntad política, pilotos concretos (telemedicina, IA), y colaboración con organismos internacionales. Estas acciones permiten extender servicios en un país con grandes áreas rurales. (Organización Mundial de la Salud)

Retos: interoperabilidad entre sistemas, marco regulatorio claro para IA y telemedicina, capacitación del personal sanitario en tecnologías digitales y asegurar equidad en acceso (brecha digital en zonas remotas). (KPMG Assets)

Recomendación práctica breve: priorizar interoperabilidad (estándares de datos), validar clínicamente las soluciones de IA antes de escalado masivo, y acompañar despliegues con formación continua y evaluación de impacto (KPIs: tiempo a diagnóstico, número de consultas evitadas, cobertura rural).

Si quieres, preparo a continuación (sin preguntar más) cualquiera de estos productos de salida en formato que necesites:

Resumen ejecutivo (1 página) con métricas clave y citas.

Apartado metodológico para evaluar impacto de un piloto (qué medir y cómo).

Ficha técnica de una de las herramientas (por ejemplo, LIMSTAR o la plataforma IA) con pasos para implementación en una provincia.

¿Cuál de esos te interesa que despliegue ahora?

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Las herramientas digitales hacen que sea más fácil trabajar y comunicarse con otras personas, incluso si no están en el mismo lugar. También son muy útiles para aprender y realizar investigaciones, ya que permiten acceder rápidamente a información y recursos confiables. Aun así, su uso puede traer problemas, como la falta de privacidad o las distracciones, por lo que es necesario usarlas con cuidado y de manera responsable.