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- President Harry S. Truman sends economic and military aid to Greece and Turkey
- Greece was being threatened by communism
- Turkey was facing the threat of Soviet expansion into the Mediterranean

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- Foreign policy used by the United States to fight the Soviet Union during the Cold War
- Formulated by Foreign Service Officer George F. Kennan, containment kept an eye on Soviet expansion
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- a "competition" between the United States and the Soviet Union to see who could produce and acquire the most nuclear weapons
- began after the Soviet Union tested their own atomic bomb after hearing the new that the United States had created one
- tensions arose between the two nations, beginning the Cold War

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- the Soviet Union blocks off allied access to railways, roads, and canals
- the Soviet Union later occupies East Berlin

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- North Korea invades South Korea
- the U.S. entered the war siding with South Korea to fight against international communism
- the war ends in an armistice, with the Korean peninsula still being divided today

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Marshall Plan (April 1948-December 1951)

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Marshall Plan (April 1948-December 1951)

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- a program that was designed to help recover the economies of several western and southern European countries
- it served to create stability after WWII

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-failed air raid mission led by the United States against Cuba
-approx. 1,400 Cuban exiles were sent back into Cuba to overthrow Fidel Castro and the communist government
-the CIA used painted-over WWII bomber planes for the air strike, which were later discovered and the exiles were captured by the Cuban government

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- Built in 1961 by the German Democratic Republic
- Served to prevent citizens of East Berlin (which was controlled by the Soviet Union) from escaping to the Western side

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- an American spy plane captures images of Soviet missiles being built and placed in Cuba
- after the discovery of the missiles, President Kennedy and Soviet leader, Nikita Khrushchev met and decided not to engage in nuclear war
- the Soviet Union agrees to dismantle the weapons sites, as long as the U.S. promises to not invade Cuba

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- April 1954: battle at Dien Bien Phu ends French rule over French Indochina
- Northern Vietnamese Army: planned to launch guerrilla attacks against the southern army
- President Kennedy sends troops to Vietnam for secret operations against the Viet Cong
- U.S. forces use Agent Orange and Napalm to kill off vegetation that would provide cover for Viet Cong soldiers
- heavy anti-war protests in America throughout the 1970's
- Ends with the fall of Saigon and the unification of Vietnam. Becomes the Socialist Republic of Vietnam

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- October 4, 1957: the Soviet Union launches Sputnik 1 into space, making it the first Earth-orbiting satellite
- January 31, 1958: the U.S. launches Explorer into orbit, discovers the Van Allen radiation belt
- August 2, 1959: US launches Explorer 6, which takes the first pictures of Earth from space
-December 21, 1968: Apollo 8 spaceship the the first human-crewed ship to reach the moon
- July 15, 1975: tensions between the U.S. and the Soviet Union die down, and the Apollo-Soyuz mission launches. th two flight commanders from each country shake hands before the launch, symbolizing the end of the space race

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- during the 1960's, tensions between the Soviet Union and the United States began to settle
- both parties signed anti-nuclear war agreements as well as agreeing to reduce the number of nuclear arms produced and possessed by each country

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- Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT)
- regulation of arms between the United States and the Soviet Union after the Arms Race
- SALT I: anti-ballistic missile treaty (ABM), interim agreement and protocol on limitation of strategic offensive weapons
- SALT II: set limits on the amount of strategic launchers, overall limits on over 2,400 different types of weapons on each side

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- after numerous anti-government protests in East Germany, many other European countries became democratized and the wall was torn down by the border guard as well as citizens of Berlin

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- began with the revolutions of 1989 in Western and Eastern Germany
- ended with the fall of the Berlin Wall