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The Giza Pyramids are located on the Giza plateau, near the city of Cairo, Egypt. The plain is on the west bank of the Nile River and is the location of three major pyramids: the Pyramid of Khufu (Cheops), the Pyramid of Khafre, and the Pyramid of Menkaure, as well as the Great Sphinx of Giza. This pyramid complex is one of the most famous sites in the world and is included in the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

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The pyramids reflected the power of the pharaoh and were an important religious symbol. The pyramids of Giza were constructed to honor the pharaoh and to serve as his tomb after death. The pharaohs were seen as part God and part human, and it was believed that the pharaoh would move into the afterlife after death.

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The Great Pyramid of Giza is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in the Giza Necropolis and is the only building that is still part of the Seven Wonders of the World. It is believed that this pyramid was built as a tomb for the Egyptian fourth dynasty pharaoh, Khufu (Χεωψ, Cheops) and was built over 20 years and is estimated to have taken place around 2560 BC.[1] This pyramid was once called the Pyramid of Khufu.

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1. Size and Structure:

- The Great Pyramid of Giza, or the Pyramid of Khufu, is the largest of the three pyramids and was originally about 146.6 meters high, although today it is about 138.8 meters high due to erosion.

- The other pyramid, the Pyramid of Khafre, is slightly smaller, while the Pyramid of Menkaure is the smallest of the three.

2. Layout:

- These three main pyramids are in one large complex that includes several smaller pyramids, temples, and the Great Sphinx of Giza.

- The pyramids were built in a very precise orientation, with their sides parallel to the cardinal directions.

3. Great Sphinx:

- The Sphinx, which is near the Pyramid of Khafre, is a large stone statue with a lion's body and a human head that may represent the pharaoh Khafre.

4.Construction Technology:

- Built around 2580–2560 BC, these pyramids were made from millions of large stone blocks that were transported and arranged using techniques that still give rise to much speculation.

- The Giza pyramids were built with limestone, granite, and basalt, and some blocks weigh up to 80 tons.

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Hemiunu (fl. 2570 BC) was an ancient Egyptian prince who is believed to have been the architect of the Great Pyramid of Giza. Hemiunu, Khufu's vizier, is believed by some to be the architect of the Great Pyramid. Many varying scientific and alternative hypotheses attempt to explain the exact construction techniques, but, as is the case for other such structures, there is no definite consensus.

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1. Early History and Function of the Pyramids
• Early Period: The first pyramid in Egypt is known as the Pyramid of Djoser, which was built around 2630-2611 BC during the Third Dynasty by the famous architect, Imhotep. The Pyramid of Djoser is a step pyramid and marks the beginning of the construction of pyramids as royal tombs.
• Purpose: The pyramids were built as tombs for the pharaohs, ancient Egyptian kings who were considered the embodiment of the gods on earth. They were believed to live after death in the afterlife, and the pyramids served as their eternal home.
2. Construction Peak: The Pyramids of Giza
• Pyramid of Khufu (Cheops): Built around 2580-2560 BC, the Pyramid of Khufu is the largest of the Giza Pyramids and is one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. This pyramid originally stood 146.6 meters high and was made of around 2.3 million stone blocks.
• Pyramids of Khafre and Menkaure: In the Giza complex, there are two other pyramids, namely the Pyramid of Khafre (son of Khufu) and the Pyramid of Menkaure (grandson of Khufu). Although smaller, this pyramid was also part of a complex that included temples and statues such as the Great Sphinx.

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The Great Pyramid of Giza is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in the Giza Necropolis and is the only building that is still part of the Seven Wonders of the World. The Giza Pyramids are located on the Giza plateau, near the city of Cairo, Egypt. It is believed that this pyramid was built as a tomb for the Egyptian fourth dynasty pharaoh, Khufu (Χεωψ, Cheops) and was built over 20 years and is estimated to have taken place around 2560 BC.[1] This pyramid was once called the Pyramid of Khufu.The pyramid's sides rise at an angle of 51.87° and are accurately oriented to the four cardinal points of the compass. The Great Pyramid's core is made of yellowish limestone blocks, and the inner passages are of finer light-colored limestone. The interior burial chamber is built of huge blocks of granite. The pyramids of Giza were constructed to honor the pharaoh and to serve as his tomb after death. Hemiunu, Khufu's vizier, Hemiunu (fl. 2570 BC) was an ancient Egyptian prince who is believed to have been the architect of the Great Pyramid of Giza.

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Descriptive text is text that aims to explain, illustrate, or describe something. Descriptive text can be used to describe objects such as people, animals, objects, or places. Descriptive text can tell about an object by describing its features, without including personal opinions.

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The social function of descriptive text is to describe a person, place, thing, or animal in detail. The purpose of descriptive text is to represent or reveal a person or object, either abstract or concrete.

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1. Identification: Recognition of the object to be described

2. Description: A detailed explanation or description of an object's attributes or characteristics, such as properties, physical appearance, and other things written specifically.

3. Conclusion: The overall conclusion or impression about the object being described.

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Descriptive text uses language features to differentiate itself from other types of text. These features include:

Tense : Simple present tense is often used to state facts about the subject being described. However, the tense can vary depending on whether the subject is in the past, present, or future. For example, you might use past tense to explain methodology or results

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Other features : Descriptive text can also use adverbs of frequency, conjunctions, and specific participants.

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https://youtu.be/dWq0iC4YqbE?si=bJab8cExrBCHaPPE

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Dinda Nayra Marchikania/06

Putry Nur Azizah/26

Refano Riza Nur Prasetya/29

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Identification :

1. Topic : Pyramid of Giza

2. Location : located on the Giza plateau, near the city of Cairo, Egypt

3. definition : The Great Pyramid of Giza is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in the Giza Necropolis and is the only building that is still part of the Seven Wonders of the world

Description :

1. physical feature : The pyramid's sides rise at an angle of 51.87° and are accurately oriented to the four cardinal points of the compass

2. function : The pyramids of Giza were constructed to honor the pharaoh and to serve as his tomb after death

3. parts of the building : The Great Pyramid's core is made of yellowish limestone blocks, and the inner passages are of finer light-colored limestone and the interior burial chamber is built of huge blocks of granite

4. history : It was built by Khufu (Cheops), the second king of Egypt's 4th dynasty (c. 2543–c. 2436 bce), and was completed in the early 25th century bce.