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Why My Classroom Furniture Never Stays Still for Long

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Rearranging the desks and tables depending on the learning activity signals to students that they also need a shift in thinking.

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GMCI – Growth Mindset Classroom Intervention by Fiona Murphy

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GMCI – Growth Mindset Classroom Intervention by Fiona Murphy

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Continuum of Implemtation of Trauma Treatment for Organisations

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Continuum of Implemtation of Trauma Treatment for Organisations

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Chapter 18 of Trauma, Occupation and Particpation (2002), Lynch, A. AOTA Press

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Get Ready Do Done-A Clinical Model for Developing Executive Functioning Skills

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Get Ready Do Done-A Clinical Model for Developing Executive Functioning Skills

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Flipping the Lid - Stress Response Reaction

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Flipping the Lid - Stress Response Reaction

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Visual Supports within an Inclusive Environment

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Visual Supports within an Inclusive Environment

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NEPS Supporting Document - Growth Mindset

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NEPS Supporting Document - Growth Mindset

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George Lucas Educational Foundation

The benefits of movement in the classroom aren't limited to younger students. Pairing new words and concepts with gestures or dance moves locks in understanding-and active brain breaks prime students to learn even more.

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A free source of information, inspiration, and practical strategies for learning and teaching in preK-12 education.

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Fierce advocates for the high academic achievement of all students - particularly those of color or living in poverty.Equity-Driven *...

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EdSource has published a wide range of in-depth reports, issue briefs and research papers on key challenges facing public education. In the online archive below, you can find EdSource publications dating back to June 2001. Please use the search box below to find publications based on key terms in their titles. Please note that the search box will not search terms in the body of the publications, just in the title. Another way to find a publication you are looking for is to scroll down through the publications below. If you would like to find a publication before June 2001, please contact edsource@edsource.org. This online archive does not include shorter daily news articles and analyses produced by reporters for EdSource Today, beginning in July 2012. These articles can be found be searching in the search box at the top right hand corner of this page.

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EdSource has published a wide range of in-depth reports, issue briefs and research papers on key challenges facing public education. In the online archive below, you can find EdSource publications dating back to June 2001. Please use the search box below to find publications based on key terms in their titles.

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Beacon House is passionate about developing freely available resources so that knowledge about the repair of trauma and adversity is in the hands of those who need it. Please feel free to use our resources in your home or work setting.
All we ask is that you credit our team for the information and design using this credit: Image or information courtesy of Beacon House Therapeutic Services & Trauma Team | 2022 | www.beaconhouse.org.uk
As a specialist trauma service, our resources are written using a 'trauma lens' and offer information, ideas and strategies from this perspective. We know that there are other perspectives and overlapping experiences, meaning that 'one size doesn't fit all'. We are working to be as inclusive as possible and alongside this acknowledge that not everything we produce will be relevant for everyone.

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Beacon House is passionate about developing freely available resources so that knowledge about the repair of trauma and adversity is in the hands of those who need it. Please feel free to use our resources in your home or work setting.

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PDST | Professional Development Service for Teachers

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The PDST is funded by the Teacher Education Section (TES) of the Department of Education (DE) and is managed by Dublin West Education Centre. 14 Joyce Way, Park West Business Park, Nangor Road, Dublin 12 User Login | Teacher Login | Privacy Policy | Cookie Policy

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Members of the National Council for Special Education

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Shanker Self-Reg Visuals Self-Reg Quote Series Self-Reg Visual Aids by Kristin Wiens of North Star Paths PODCASTS & OTHER AUDIO RESOURCES Keep up to date with our updated Email Newsletters. Sign up here. See recent past emailed newsletter here. Join us on the 2nd Wednesday every month at 7:30pm EST for our Self-Reg Twitter chat!

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Building Deeper Student Relationships

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Social & Emotional Learning (SEL)

When students feel safe and supported in school, they can learn better. Here's how to start making those connections.

Dobrila Vignjevic / iStock

Building strong relationships with students is a vital part of the work educators do in schools, yet not every teacher enters the classroom having learned the nuts and bolts of how to develop and nurture teacher-student relationships, writes Gianna Cacciatore in Usable Knowledge.

But relationship-building is a skill we can all get better at, says Megan Marcus, a counselor and the founder of FuelEd, a nonprofit dedicated to teaching educators social and emotional skills. "Just one relationship with a caregiver throughout a lifespan can actually change the brain's development, heal trauma, and promote learning," Marcus tells Cacciatore. "Educators have the potential to utilize this power. Many do this organically-but we could do so much more if educators were equipped with the skills and self-awareness to systematically do this work."

When teachers consistently prioritize building strong connections with students, research shows there's a significant impact on kids' long-term wellbeing as well as their ability to learn and stay engaged in schools. "Learning doesn't happen without relationships," writes Rebecca Alber, an instructor at UCLA's Graduate School of Education. "In the classroom, rules matter, but as many of us have learned after a few years teaching, relationships matter much more."

Here are four ways to start building and nurturing authentic, strong relationships with students.

Develop Your "Empathic Listening" Skills

A natural response when a student is distressed is to immediately offer advice or reassurance, but that's not always the most helpful or productive reaction. Instead, try slowing down and patiently "listening to what a student has to say and not responding. No reassuring, no offering advice. Just listening," says Cacciatore. This can be hard to do, especially if you're a problem-solver by nature, so take a breath and remind yourself that good listening isn't necessarily about fixing anything or anyone. Ultimately, empathic listening builds trust: "Someone comes to you, they share their feelings, and instead of jumping in to problem-solve, you listen," notes Marcus. "Now, not only is this person calmer and better able to solve their own problems, but they want to come back to you again, share more."

Empathic listening also requires waiting until the person who's speaking finishes and allowing ample space for pauses, writes neurologist and teacher Judy Willis. "Such pauses, which demonstrate your focus, may give the speaker the reassurance to reveal something they were reluctant to share," says Willis. Remember to sustain eye contact and an engaged posture to signal that you're actively listening rather than bored or distracted, she adds.

Carve Out Time for Small Talk

Small talk isn't insignificant. Each Monday morning, middle school math teacher Cicely Woodard and her students form a check-in circle, pass a ball around, and take turns sharing how they're feeling, offering compliments to classmates, or discussing what they did over the weekend. "Though it can seem like every minute is needed to get through the academic content, I've learned that a five-minute investment once a week to learn about each other is invaluable to my students and builds a better culture in my classroom," writes Woodard.

But Woodard also connects with her students throughout the school day, finding a few moments prior to class to chat, for instance, or greeting students at the classroom door. "Because I've made myself approachable, some of my students will tell me stories about their lives during the five minutes between classes," she writes. "I stop what I am doing, look them in the eyes, and listen. I love seeing their eyes light up as they tell me these stories, and these encounters always leave me a little more knowledgeable about who they are as people."

Be Genuine, It's OK to Show Vulnerability

Educators often feel pressured to maintain authority in the classroom and avoid expressing emotions or sharing personal details with students. But this can inadvertently put up a wall between teachers and students, ultimately hindering efforts to develop strong connections. The reality is that everyone experiences worries, anxiety, or frustration at times, and when teachers find opportunities to share their own feelings with students-in developmentally appropriate ways, of course-it helps normalize students' own emotions and struggles.

"It starts with so much honesty and transparency with kids," says Lindsey Minder, a second grade teacher. "It's really easy to strive to be this idealized, always ready to go, elementary school teacher. And that's not real, and that's not human. My students connect most with me when they see that I also struggle, and I also have challenges."

Showing vulnerability can be as simple as acknowledging imperfections or sharing a few personal tidbits, says instructional coach and educator Beth Pandolpho. Her students know, for example, that she "cried a lot in elementary school," and that her big goal in middle school was to not cry at school, she writes. "There's a chance for teachers to bridge the divide between the adults who seem to have all the answers and the students who are still figuring things out," Pandolpho says. "When my students feel like they know me, they're more actively engaged, seek my help outside of class, and are more receptive to my suggestions and ideas."

Track Your Efforts

The many competing demands on educators' time and attention can make the work of nurturing relationships feel overwhelming. That's something educator Todd Finley decided to tackle. "Wouldn't more students benefit if the [process] were less haphazard and unconscious?" writes Finley, a professor of English education at East Carolina University. "I decided to experiment with being deliberate and intensive in thinking about my students."

Aiming to make his relationship-building efforts more systematic and intentional, Finley developed a 5x5 assessment time strategy. Each morning, he sets aside a short block of time-like when he's driving to the gym-to think deeply about five students for about five minutes per child. During these minutes, he reflects on a set of guiding questions: what he noticed about the student recently, for example, and what this reveals about their struggles, values, and goals. Throughout the school day, he'll use these reflections to start conversations with the focus students. "This can happen in the hall, or in class while I'm passing out papers-whenever it seems natural to do it," he writes.

Plan for a bit of a learning curve with this strategy, Finley warns: "Don't expect it to go perfectly at first. As with mindfulness, you'll get better with consistent practice," he writes. But the simple habit of consistent, systematic reflection "will build your capacity to notice, understand, and connect with students-competencies exhibited by transformational teachers that fortunately improve with practice."

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The 'How' of Building Deeper Relationships with Students

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When students feel safe and supported in school, they can learn better. Here's how to start making those connections.

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•Welcoming Students With a Smile

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Greeting each student at the door with a positive message brings benefits for both students and teacher, according to a study.

A widely cited 2007 study claimed that teachers greeting students at the classroom door led to a 27 percentage point increase in academic engagement. The problem? It included just three students.

Now a new, much larger and more credible study -comprising 203 students in 10 classrooms-validates that claim: Greeting students at the door sets a positive tone and can increase engagement and reduce disruptive behavior. Spending a few moments welcoming students promotes a sense of belonging, giving them social and emotional support that helps them feel invested in their learning.

The first few minutes of class are often the most chaotic, as students transition from busy areas such as the hallway or playground. Left unchecked, disruptions can become difficult to manage, but a proactive approach to classroom management can help students get focused and ready to learn. Rather than address disruptive behavior as it happens, proactive techniques-like greeting students at the door and modeling good behavior-reduce the occurrence of such behavior as teachers and students build a positive classroom culture together.

In the study, when teachers started class by welcoming students at the door, academic engagement increased by 20 percentage points and disruptive behavior decreased by 9 percentage points-potentially adding "an additional hour of engagement over the course of a five-hour instructional day," according to the researchers.

Ten middle school teachers were randomly assigned by the researchers to one of two groups. The first group started class by greeting their students at the door, saying each student's name while using a nonverbal greeting such as a handshake or nod. The teachers also used precorrective statements -reminders of what to do at the start of class like, "Spend the next few minutes reviewing what we covered yesterday." If a student had struggled with their behavior the previous day, the teachers often gave a positive message to encourage them to improve.

Teachers in the second group attended classroom management training sessions offered by their schools, but they weren't given any specific instructions on how to start class.

Researchers observed classrooms in the fall and spring, looking at academic engagement-how attentive students were to their teacher or classwork-and disruptive behavior, including speaking out of turn, leaving one's seat, and distracting classmates. Both measures improved in classrooms where teachers greeted their students, confirming what many teachers already know: Meeting students' emotional needs is just as important as meeting their academic needs.

"The results from this study suggest that teachers who spend time on the front end to implement strategies such as the PGD [positive greetings at the door] will eventually save more time on the back end by spending less time reacting to problem behavior and more time on instruction," the study authors write.

Building Community

Why do positive greetings work? When teachers use strategies like this, they help "establish a positive classroom climate in which students feel a sense of connection and belonging," the study authors write. "This is particularly important considering the research demonstrating that achievement motivation is often a by-product of social belonging." In other words, when students feel welcome in the classroom, they're more willing to put time and effort into learning.

Nonverbal interpersonal interactions, such as a friendly handshake or a thumbs-up, can help make greetings feel authentic and build trust -as long as students feel comfortable with physical contact.

Say the student's name

Make eye contact

Use a friendly nonverbal greeting, such as a handshake, high five, or thumbs-up

Give a few words of encouragement

Ask how their day is going

When greeting students at your door:

Addressing Underlying Causes of Misbehavior

Disruptive behavior is contagious-if one student misbehaves, it can quickly spread to other students. And while most teachers try to respond immediately, punishment often backfires. Research shows that trying to fix student misbehavior may be futile because doing so can spur resistance and more misbehavior instead of compliance.

"Despite overwhelming evidence that such strategies are ineffective, many teachers rely on reactive methods for classroom behavior management," explain the study authors.

So instead of asking, "How can I fix misbehavior?" teachers could ask, "How can I create a classroom environment that discourages misbehavior in the first place?" In many cases, low-level disruptions and disengagement have less to do with the student and more to do with factors that the teacher can control, such as teaching style and use of stimulating activities. For example, a study found that when teachers encouraged students to participate in classroom activities rather than lecturing to them, students were more likely to stay on task.

Another recent study provides additional insights: When teachers focused their attention on students' positive conduct and avoided rushing to correct minor disruptions, students had better behavior, and their mental health and ability to concentrate also improved.

Benefits for Teachers, Too

A welcoming classroom environment doesn't benefit students alone-it can improve the teacher's mental health as well. Slightly more than half of teachers- 53 percent-feel stressed by student disengagement or disruptions. The consequences can be serious: A 2014 study found that "teachers report classroom management to be one of the greatest concerns in their teaching, often leading to burnout, job dissatisfaction, and early exit from the profession."

All too often, teachers spend time and energy responding to misbehavior with corrective discipline, such as telling students to stop talking or giving them a time-out. These may work in the short term, but they can damage teacher-student relationships while doing little to prevent future misbehavior. Research shows that it can be beneficial for student and teacher well-being to instead focus on creating a positive classroom environment.

The takeaway: Starting class by greeting your students at the door helps set a positive tone for the rest of the day, promoting their sense of belonging, boosting their academic engagement, and reducing disruptive behavior.

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Greeting each student at the door with a positive message brings benefits for both students and teacher.