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comparing two things by using "as....as" or "like"

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a character who acts in the opposite way to another to emphasise their characteristics. Mercutio and Paris are foils to Romeo; Banquo and Macduff are foils to Macbeth.

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a pause in a line, shown by a full stop, dash, etc

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when a line of verse runs over into the next line or stanza

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two contrasting ideas placed closely together. In Romeo and Juliet look for the concepts of "light" and "dark" for example.

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comparing two things without using "as...as" or "like"

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an object used to represent something else. A dove is often used to represent peace for example.

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a word that imitates the sound of the thing it's describing

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when the weather influences events in the play of novel - almost as if it's another character. Think of the hot weather causing the fight in Romeo and Juliet.

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when the same sound is repeated at the beginning of words that are close to together. Look at the nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs - words like "the" and "and" don't count!

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a metaphor that is continued over several sentences or even paragraphs

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The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of a clause or at the beginning of each line of a poem.

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exaggeration to emphasise an idea

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when there is a repeated vowel sound. Think of the repeated "o" sound in Wilfred Owen's Exposure: "Slowly our ghosts drag home".

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a speech by one character who is talking to themselves. It helps the audience to understand the thoughts and feelings of the character,

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When the audience knows something that the characters in the play don't.

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giving human abilities or emotions to inanimate objects

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an extended speech by one character either to another character on stage, or directly to the audience.

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the point of view of the person telling the story. Be careful not to confuse the narrator with the writer - the narrator is the character in the novel or play; the writer is the author.

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an image or concept that reoccurs throughout the play or novel

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a special type of alliteration, where it is an "s" sound that is repeated as the beginning of words.

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when the writer gives a hint about something that will happen later in the play or novel

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ending a line of poetry with the end of a clause. Look for full stops, commas, etc at the end of a line.

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two contradictory terms written together. Think of "cold fire" and "sick health" in Romeo and Juliet.

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a conversation between two or more people

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a conversation between only two people

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a meaning associated with another word. Eg the connotations of "red" are love, passion, danger, etc

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when the writer doesn't tell you everythng straight away

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Sally-Jayne is a tutor of maths, languages, English and English as a foreign language

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Hi. I'm Sally-Jayne and I'm an online tutor. I tutor children from 7 years old up to adults in French, maths and English, including helping adults prepare for the...

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the particular person, place or thing being written about at that moment.Think of what the camera would be pointing at in a film.

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a change in the narrative perspective, focus or time

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when the writer interrupts the present to describe something that happened in the past, often taking the form of a memory

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when a piece of writing ends in the same way it started

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when the writer chooses to use the same word or phrase