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It is the study of how living things interact with their surroundings, including interactions between predators and prey, rivalry for resources, and synergistic relationships. It focuses on ecosystems, communities of living things and their physical environments, the flow of energy and nutrients, population variations, and the effects of human activity on ecosystems. The strategies and preservation initiatives that aim to protect the environment for future generations are informed by this piece of knowledge.

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Human use of land includes housing, industry, agriculture, recreation, and conservation. Planning and regulating land use is essential for environmental protection and sustainable development. There are four types of land cover: rural areas with few homes, urban areas with a population of at least 2,500, and areas covered by vegetation and structures.

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A number of factors, including immigration, emigration, death rates, and birth rates, affect population growth. The number of people per square kilometre, or population density, has an impact on the rate of growth. The distribution of people across various age groups, or age structure, can have an effect on population increase. While a growing population can spur innovation, raise consumer demand, and create jobs, it can also put a pressure on social services, infrastructure, and available resources. On the other hand, a decreasing population may lead to an ageing population, a contracting labour force, and possible financial difficulties.

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Nile River: 95%

Groundwater: 3%

Desalinated Water: 1%

Treated Wastewater: 1%

problems:

Water scarcity, pollution, climate change, and the Grand Renaissance Dam threat in Ethiopia

enhancements:
constructing reservoirs and dams, Encouragement of rainwater collection irrigating with rainwater

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There are two types of water pollution: nonpoint-source and point-source. Point-source contamination originates from particular areas, such as factories or sewage systems. Rain runoff is one type of pollution that is dispersed across a wide region and is not a point source. Point and nonpoint water pollution can be classified into the following categories: nutrient pollution, sediment pollution, thermal pollution, biological pollution, and toxic-chemical pollution. contamination can take several forms, including eutrophication, thermal, biological, sediment, and toxic-chemical contamination. Steer clear of pollutants, use water filters at home, and look at wastewater treatment projects as potential solutions.

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Ecosystems, human health, and the environment can all be severely impacted by pollution, a dangerous material found in the environment. Air pollution, land pollution, and water pollution are the three primary categories. Traffic jams, industrial activity, and urbanisation all contribute to air pollution. Soil contamination from human activity is the main cause of land pollution in Egypt. Domestic sewage, agricultural runoff, industrial discharges, and marine pollution are the main causes of water pollution in Egypt. Pathogens, harm to ecosystems, a decline in biodiversity, and detrimental effects on agriculture and food security can result from these problems.

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Eighty percent of the world's energy supply came from fossil fuels at the beginning of the twenty-first century, which released pollutants and exacerbated global warming. Twenty percent of the energy consumed worldwide came from renewable sources such hydroelectricity, wind, and solar power. They do, however, confront difficulties including as environmental impact, high initial prices, and inconsistent availability. Fossil fuels and nuclear energy are examples of nonrenewable resources that include drawbacks in addition to benefits like infrastructure and high energy density. Egypt wants to raise its percentage of renewable energy to 20% by 2022 and 42% by 2035. Egypt is a member of the International Renewable Energy Agency. Egypt's energy needs in the future are probably going to be met by a combination of non-renewable and renewable resources.

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The typical weather over a period of time, impacted by sun exposure, heat, latitude, wind, oceans, and topography, is referred to as the climate. The effects of climate change on habitats, migration patterns, food supply, and agriculture are attributed to greenhouse gas emissions, fossil fuel combustion, and altered land use. Mitigation entails cutting greenhouse gas emissions through conservation and energy efficiency, and the Kyoto Protocol seeks to set emissions limits.

# data[].attributes.body
A number of factors, including immigration, emigration, death rates, and birth rates, affect population increase. The number of people per square kilometre, or population density, has an impact on the rate of growth. The distribution of people across various age groups, or age structure, can have an effect on population increase. While a growing population can spur innovation, raise consumer demand, and create jobs, it can also put a pressure on social services, infrastructure, and available resources. On the other hand, a decreasing population may lead to an ageing population, a contracting labour force, and possible financial difficulties.

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Water use is a major problem for industry, agriculture, and domestic use. The usage of surface water results in changes to habitat, a drop in fisheries, population displacement, sediment collection, and the loss of agricultural land. Agricultural solutions, industrial procedures, and DIY solutions like xeriscaping and nocturnal irrigation are examples of solutions.