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Made slavery illegal anywhere in the United States or places the United States has jurisdiction, but did not grant them citizenship.

Made the slave owners and plantations have to give up and free their slaves.

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Solidified the status of African Americans as American citizens.

Section 2 added that the states could not attempt to take away any male citizens' rights.

Section 3 made it impossible for Confederate leaders to take positions in the government.

No longer able to not give African Americans the rights that they were withholding because they were not technically citizens of the United States.

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Made it so that African Americans could vote and that states could not attempt to stop them from voting.

Made it so that the large population of African American people still residing there could now elect leaders that would write laws.

Congress has the power to enforce this amendment through legislation.

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Jim Crow was a charactercher of a Simian Black Man that was used to promote racist stereotypes

Jim Crow Laws were laws that mandated racial segregation in public facilities and places in the states that used to make up The Confederacy

Jim Crow Laws were a staple throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, and were a main topic in much of the struggle for Civil Rights

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Court case where a black man (white looking) sat in a white train car in order to fight back against a new law segregating black and whites in separate train cars.

Ending result was "separate but equal" precedent that said that as long as both sides of segregation were equal, segregation was legal.

"Separate but equal" would not be upheld in places like the south, which would lead to different issues down the line.

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Garvey, Booker T. Washington, Dubois  - (1895)

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Garvey, Booker T. Washington, Dubois  - (1895)

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Both races should learn to get along and work with each other, as it would be a very beneficial relationship for both sides.

Believed that civil rights and freedoms were to be awarded to the black Americans through their hard work and beneficial contributions to society.

Believed that Black Americans leaders would lead by example, and that the black americans needed to show that they were better than what they were portrayed as.

“No others can do this work and Negro colleges must train men for it.”

“Men we shall have only as we make manhood the object of the work of the schools.”

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Wave of African American families migrating north in search of a better life, a "Promised Land"

Many were escaping the sharecropping that was happening after slavery

Moved to places like Chicago and Harlem, where communities of Black Americans were already forming

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Time of mass racial violence following the great migration

White Americans were scared of the Black Americans that were moving into their communities

worried that they might take thier jobs or increase violence rates

White families on one side of the beach and blacks on other

Black crosses into “territory” of whites and there is a brawl

The Brawl makes its way into the city and happens in multiple cities throughout the United States

Massacre at "Black Wall Street" in Tulsa, Oklahoma

Flourishing black community in 1921

Many different black owned businesses in this area

Large concentration of wealthy African-Americans in Greenwood and Tulsa

Initiated when a white female elevator attendant screamed during an elevator ride with a black man, who was arrested for assault.

Whites gathered on the courthouse lawn the day of his hearing and the ensuing fight turned into a massacre.

At first it was named a riot, making giving the illusion that both sides fought or held blame

300 people died

National Guard was brought in after 1200 houses and 35 blocks were destroyed

Records went missing from city files about this massacre

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The practice of redlining involved the concentrating of black families and communities into certain areas, which either already were or became impoverished

Black Americans moving into a neighborhood at the time was seen as a sign of financial trouble, due to the stigma that black people lived in these "red line districts" that were impoverished areas

Loans were impossible for minorities to get due to their supposed financial risk, forcing them to take contracts on homes in redlined areas.

Made it hard to accumulate generational wealth as white Americans were able to, enforcing a state in which white families continued to gain wealth from property value while black families struggled

Black families, while being denied normal housing deals, were offered to buy their homes in impoverished areas on contract, which allowed for stricter conditions, raised prices, and harsher punishments (overall exploitation of minority families)

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NAACP fought this class action law suit against the School Board

Brown's daughter, as well as the children of many other parents, felt that it was unrealistic and unfair for them to have to send their children so far away to a worse facility due to Jim Crow Laws regarding segregated schools.

Was a unanimous verdict that the schools should be desegregated

Brown II was second court case that outlined how that desegregation would occur

Disproved "Separate but equal", and was the precursor to things like the Little Rock Nine and Ruby Bridges

Set the stage for future battles involving segregation in the school systems

Big that the supreme court justice that oversaw the case believed that segregation was unconstitutional and imposed a required unanimous verdict in order to show the public's opinion is that as well

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14 year old boy was lynched for allegedly cat calling a woman at a gas station

Boy was taken from his home and then brough around before being murdered and having his corpse be dropped off a cliff into a river

Mutilated body was recovered and put into open casket by request from mother, had mass media coverage and widespread was an eye opener for the civil rights injustices for whites and blacks

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Rosa Parks and Claudette Colvin were sparks

Claudette Colvin was the earlier of the two figures, but wasn't used as a figurehead for the movement due to her state at the being one that would not sway any public to side with her (pregnant teen, rude)

Rosa Parks was put on trial December 5th, 1955, and the boycott lasted 381 days after that

People would walk instead of taking the busses, sometimes for miles

Boycott was able to be maintained for that long due to community efforts

Other black people carpooling

Night meetings to update and plan

Support from white women/housewives that hoped that were sympathetic to the struggle for equality and hoped that change for black Americans could mean change for them further down the line

Desperation for the boycott to end grew as the public transport system was experiencing massive financial troubles due to the loss of income, in threat to closing down

80-90% of bus riders were boycotting

Bus segregation was ultimately deemed unconstitutional

Black Montgomery citizens were trained on how to integrate back into the bus system, as a display of how this verdict was the correct one and show that this progress was okay

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Governor said that the students would not get in.

Community rallied to protest the students

harassing them whenever possible

crowding around and barring the entrance

Students themselves participated in the harassing, although seemed to have less of a problem with the existence of black peers attending the school.

LBJ personally sent in troops to escort and protect these kids, which clearly showed the country's position on the matter

Some students even went on a live streamed talk show to apologize to the Little Rock Nine, although genuineness of each is debatable (personal opinion).

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Protest by sitting down

4 teens decided to make a protest targeted the store “Woolworth”, which allowed black Americans to purchase but not eat at the lunch counter

Students thrown out, but kept coming back until they decided to serve them

Sit in grew every day they went back, 4, to 16, to 30, to 300, all the way to 3 whole cities

Nonviolent

Rules and training for people who wanted to attend sit in:

Show no violence under any circumstances

Take no weapons, only a Bible permitted

Students will wear dress attire and look presentable

Coordinate so that the store’s business is not hindered

If people arrive to replace sitters, they will replace those who want to be replaced or they will leave

At no time will the students physically fight back

The students do not retaliate if cigarette is put out on you

The students do not retaliate if coffee is poured on top of you

Had people relieving peoples posts at all times at a certain point

Diane Nash and MLK even sat in, part of the backbone of civil rights movement

Started February 1st, 1960 - by march its 45 cities in 13 states

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White supremacists lined the pathway to a 1st grade school that a black girl was going to attend with coffins with her name on it

Eye opener for the media and public due to the severity and insanity of doing this act against such a young and innocent

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Martin Luther King Jr "I Have A Dream Speech" and the March on Washington D.C.- (1963)

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Martin Luther King Jr "I Have A Dream Speech" and the March on Washington D.C.- (1963)

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March on Washington D.C. with the goal of desegregating public accommodations and places,

Also called for a redress of violations of constitutional rights and a federal works program to train employees

Around 250,000 people showed up for the march

Was at the time the largest gathering for an event in the history of the nation’s capital

MLK talked about reforms he wanted, before being prompted about "his dream"

famous mantra of "I have a dream" talking about idea America with abolished segregation and reforms

Massive public awareness and media outreach, final nail in coffin of Civil Rights Act workings

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Government kept lists of known members of LGBTQ+ citizens and businesses, and government worked to shut them down economically and socially

Names of known members of LGBTQ+ were publicized, leading to:

Harassment

Jailings

Being fired or ousted from community

Being put into mental institutions

Homosexuality was listed as a mental disorder and was used to disparage members of LGBTQ+ community

Forced many LGBTQ+ people to have “double lives” with their professional and private lives being separated for their safety

in prep for 1964 World’s Fair, the mayor of New York City puts out effort to "clean up the image of the city", cracking down on gay establishments

Numerous raids, arrests, and entrapments

Riots began in response to a police raid at the Stonewall Inn, a known gay bar

Fighting began when patrons fought back against the police brutality

Series of riots after the initial incident

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Signed by Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964

Prohibited discrimination based on:

Race

Color

Religion

Sex

National origin

Also outlawed segregation in public places like:

Businesses

Theaters

Restaurants

Hotels.

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Bloody Sunday, Selma to Montgomery March - (1965)

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Bloody Sunday, Selma to Montgomery March - (1965)

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March took place March 7th, 1965

Demanded full voting rights for Black Americans

Idea was to start om Selma and march 50 miles to Montgomery

Governor Wallace of Alabama blocked a key bridge on the way to Montgomery

Black Americans are beaten so badly that President LBJ calls it an "American tragedy"

Regularly scheduled Television is stopped to show coverage

LBJ sends in national troops, and then holds his joint session of congress

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Signed by Lyndon B. Johnson in 1965

Prohibited racial discrimination in voting

Grandfather clause, literacy tests, and other racist measures meant to keep black Americans from voting were no longer legal

Not only allowed for black Americans to vote for members of congress and local leaders, but also allowed them to serve on juries, helping to decrease the racial bias in the courts of law